Deck 1: A New World

Question 1

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
The Pueblo Revolt provides evidence that

A) the Spanish had overextended their dominance in North America and could not maintain it.
B) from a cultural perspective, the impact of the Columbian Exchange was exaggerated.
C) Spanish interactions with Native Americans had less impact on native peoples than Native Americans' interactions with the French and English.
D) Native Americans had always been resistant to Christianity.

Answer 1

the Spanish had overextended their dominance in North America and could not maintain it.

Question 2

Cortés in Mexico
Lienzo de Tlaxcala

The Aztecs' religion and sacrifice rituals were

A) readily adopted by the Spanish explorers.
B) exploited by Cortés to overthrow Montezuma's empire.
C) appealing to the Spanish.
D) seen as horrid and abominable by the Spanish explorers.

Answer 2

seen as horrid and abominable by the Spanish explorers.

Question 3

In Defense of the Indians
Bartolomé de las Casas
From the fact that the Indians are barbarians it does not necessarily follow that they are incapable of government and have to be ruled by others, except to be taught about the Catholic faith and to be admitted to the holy sacraments. They are not ignorant, inhuman, or bestial. Rather, long before they had heard the word Spaniard they had properly organized states, wisely ordered by excellent laws, religion, and custom. They cultivated friendship and, bound together in common fellowship, lived in populous cities in which they wisely administered the affairs of both peace and war justly and equitably, truly governed by laws that at very many points surpass ours . . .
Yet even if we were to grant that this race has no keenness of mind or artistic ability, certainly they are not, in consequence, obliged to submit themselves to those who are more intelligent and to adopt their ways, so that, if they refuse, they may be subdued by having war waged against them and be enslaved. . . . We are bound by natural law to embrace virtue. . . . No one, however, is punished for being bad unless he is guilty of rebellion. Where the Catholic faith has been preached in a Christian manner as it ought to be, all men are bound by natural law to accept it, yet no one is forced to accept the faith of Christ.
How were Las Casas's views of the Indians different from the views of British settlers in North America?

A) Las Casas feared rebellion of the Indians more than British settlers did.
B) Las Casas was less impressed with the culture and political organization of the Indians than were British settlers.
C) Las Casas thought it was acceptable to enslave Indians, but the British settlers found that practice to be morally reprehensible.
D) Las Casas was more concerned about the spiritual and religious improvement of the Indians than were British settlers.

Answer 3

Las Casas was more concerned about the spiritual and religious improvement of the Indians than were British settlers.

Question 4

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
As a result of the Pueblo Revolt

A) Spanish influence on Native American culture vanished.
B) Native American tribes across the region began to prepare for future encroachments on their territory and culture.
C) the English took advantage of the circumstance and established relations with the Pueblo.
D) the Spanish embraced a more accommodationist stance toward Native American religious practices.

Question 5

In 1776, Adam Smith observed what fact about the Western Hemisphere?

A) There was not enough land.
B) There were not enough slaves.
C) There were too many contagious diseases transmitted back to Europe.
D) Indians had suffered great misfortunes.

Question 6

In approximately 7000 BCE, agriculture developed in the Americas in:

A) the Mississippi Valley.
B) Mexico and Peru.
C) the Yucatan Peninsula.
D) Chesapeake Bay.

Question 7

Cortés in Mexico
Lienzo de Tlaxcala

The most significant initial impact on the Native American population from interaction with Europeans resulted from the

A) introduction of foreign technology such as guns, metals, and horses.
B) installation of new political structures and hierarchies.
C) arrival of domesticated livestock.
D) importation of non-native seeds and plants.

Question 8

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
Which of the following was a significant difference between the faith systems of the Pueblo and the Spanish?

A) The Pueblo's faith was more militant than that of the Spanish.
B) Women were treated more equally among the Spanish than among the Pueblo.
C) The Pueblo worshipped many more spirits and gods than the Spanish.
D) Food was of greater ritual importance to the Pueblo than it was to the Spanish.

Question 9

Map: Native Ways of Life, ca. 1500

According to the map, which of the following was true about native populations in the Northwest and present-day California?

A) These populations were highly dependent on the cultivation of maize.
B) These populations supported themselves through the vast resources of the ocean.
C) Geographic factors were of little concern to these populations.
D) Mobile lifestyles were more common than permanent settlements for these populations.

Question 10

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:

A) rural and poor.
B) small in population but sophisticated in infrastructure.
C) large, wealthy, and sophisticated.
D) large in geographic size but sparsely populated.

Question 11

Where did mound-building tribes flourish?

A) Near the Atlantic Ocean.
B) In the Ohio River Valley.
C) In present-day New Mexico.
D) In present-day south Florida.

Question 12

In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the Spanish empire in North America

A) involved subjugation of the indigenous peoples through the encomienda system.
B) flourished due to peaceful coexistence with Native American civilizations.
C) depended on alliances with Native Americans in order to fend off the English and the French.
D) acquired vast amounts of gold and silver that successfully sustained a mighty Spanish empire.

Question 13

Pre-Columbian Native Americans lacked metal tools:

A) because no metal deposits existed in the Americas.
B) so Europeans felt they were superior.
C) resulting in no dams or irrigation.
D) because they saw these tools as contradicting their religion.

Question 14

In Defense of the Indians
Bartolomé de las Casas
From the fact that the Indians are barbarians it does not necessarily follow that they are incapable of government and have to be ruled by others, except to be taught about the Catholic faith and to be admitted to the holy sacraments. They are not ignorant, inhuman, or bestial. Rather, long before they had heard the word Spaniard they had properly organized states, wisely ordered by excellent laws, religion, and custom. They cultivated friendship and, bound together in common fellowship, lived in populous cities in which they wisely administered the affairs of both peace and war justly and equitably, truly governed by laws that at very many points surpass ours . . .
Yet even if we were to grant that this race has no keenness of mind or artistic ability, certainly they are not, in consequence, obliged to submit themselves to those who are more intelligent and to adopt their ways, so that, if they refuse, they may be subdued by having war waged against them and be enslaved. . . . We are bound by natural law to embrace virtue. . . . No one, however, is punished for being bad unless he is guilty of rebellion. Where the Catholic faith has been preached in a Christian manner as it ought to be, all men are bound by natural law to accept it, yet no one is forced to accept the faith of Christ.
In their attitude toward Native Americans, Las Casas generally

A) held typical European worldviews of the primitive customs of indigenous peoples.
B) believed it necessary to convert the indigenous peoples to Catholicism by force.
C) recognized that American societies had complexities and sophistication before the arrival of Europeans.
D) admired their intelligence.

Question 15

Where did the first peoples to the Americas come from?

A) Iceland.
B) Greenland.
C) Africa.
D) Asia.

Question 16

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
The indictment of the Pueblo by Naranjo reveals

A) Spanish hatred for everyone in the New World who was not from Spain.
B) deep-seated cultural misunderstandings that were used to justify the subjugation of Native Americans.
C) Spanish contempt for the success of the Pueblo in cultivating a harsh desert climate.
D) tensions with the British who were trying to form alliances with the Pueblo.

Question 17

Map: Native Ways of Life, ca. 1500

According to the map, which of the following was true about native populations in the Great Basin and Great Plains?

A) They settled in permanent villages due to their use of large-scale agriculture.
B) These populations engaged in mixed economies that favored a reliance on water.
C) They developed largely mobile lifestyles in response to the aridity of their climate.
D) These populations were very similar to the populations of the Northeast and Mississippi River Valley.

Question 18

Map: Native Ways of Life, ca. 1500

The trend in the map was most likely caused by which of the following?

A) Native populations lived in similar natural environments.
B) Native societies increasingly became more similar with regard to political and social structure.
C) Interactions between Native American groups became increasingly more volatile.
D) Native societies adapted to and transformed their diverse environments.

Question 19

The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
Spanish interactions with Native Americans in North America

A) were more sophisticated and developed than those of the English and French.
B) had a less significant impact than relations between the English and Native Americans.
C) emphasized a policy that sought to annihilate tribes throughout the southwest region.
D) were undermined by attempts of conquistadors to exploit Native Americans in their quest for wealth.

Question 20

A commonality shared between the Asians who crossed the Bering Strait and the Europeans who crossed the Atlantic Ocean thousands of years later was:

A) the need to spread religion.
B) the desire to conquer new peoples.
C) the search for food items.
D) that neither was willing to take risks.

Question 21

African enslavement of other Africans:

A) resulted from the arrival of Europeans.
B) included no form of rights for the slaves.
C) was the only kind of labor on that continent.
D) involved the enslavement of criminals, debtors, and war captives.

Question 22

How did Native Americans view the concept of land ownership?

A) Native Americans believed that land should be permanently preserved.
B) Individuals could own land outright.
C) Families had the right to use land, but they did not actually own the land.
D) Native Americans emphasized the dollar value of land.

Question 23

In Europe on the eve of colonization, one conception of freedom, called "Christian liberty,"

A) was a set of ideas today known as "religious toleration."
B) mingled ideas of freedom with servitude to Jesus Christ-concepts that were seen as mutually reinforcing.
C) found expression in countries dominated by Catholics but not in primarily Protestant ones.
D) argued that all Christians should have equal political rights.

Question 24

The Pueblo Indians encountered by the Spanish in the sixteenth century:

A) had engaged in settled village life only briefly before the Spanish arrived.
B) had been almost completely isolated from any other people before the Spanish arrived.
C) used irrigation systems to aid their agricultural production.
D) were called mound builders because of the burial mounds they created.

Question 25

To solidify Spain's unification, what did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella do?

A) They required Jews and Muslims to convert to Catholicism.
B) They refused to sponsor voyages of exploration.
C) They banned the Protestant faith in Spain.
D) They joined with the Moor leadership to bring about harmony.

Question 26

Which one of the following is true about Native Americans and material wealth?

A) Chiefs were expected to share some of their goods rather than hoard them.
B) Eastern Native Americans were more materialistic than those who lived west of the Mississippi.
C) Wealth mattered less to them than to Europeans, but inherited social status was equally important to both peoples.
D) Native Americans actually suffered more social inequality than Europeans did.

Question 27

When European clergy read to Native Americans from the Bible about God creating the world in six days, was there anything relatable for Native Americans?

A) Most Native Americans did not have any religion to compare with Christianity.
B) No Native American religions believed in creation myths.
C) Most Native Americans compared the Bible with their own written version of the Old Testament.
D) Many Native Americans concurred with the idea of a single supreme being creating the world.

Question 28

Portuguese trading posts along the western coast of Africa were called factories because:

A) the merchants were known as factors.
B) the trading posts made the goods there in makeshift factories.
C) the African slaves built factories along the coast to manufacture guns.
D) the slave traders called their system a labor factory.

Question 29

Which indigenous group formed the Great League of Peace?

A) Choctaws.
B) Iroquois.
C) Hurons.
D) Chickasaws.

Question 30

An example of a freedom that most Native Americans would hold in high esteem would be:

A) the opportunity for the chief to sell land to a European.
B) an economic freedom that would lead to a Native Americans becoming the wealthiest member of the tribe.
C) the chance to work with other tribe members to build a house.
D) the right of free speech.

Question 31

Pueblo Indians lived in what is now:

A) the eastern United States.
B) the southwestern United States.
C) Mexico.
D) the northeastern United States.

Question 32

"Coverture" refers to:

A) a woman's responsibility to wear a scarf covering her head when in public.
B) knowing your place in society, especially at church when sitting in the pews.
C) a tax one pays on one's property that is assessed quarterly.
D) a woman surrendering her legal identity when she marries.

Question 33

In the fifteenth century, a big impetus for European exploration was:

A) a sea route to Asia to obtain luxury goods.
B) gold in China.
C) religious relics in India.
D) obtaining the compass from Asia.

Question 34

When Europeans arrived, many Native Americans:

A) tried to use them to enhance their standing with other Native Americans.
B) immediately opened treaty negotiations.
C) learned their languages.
D) hid in nearby cave dwellings.

Question 35

When compared to European societies, how did Indian gender relations differ?

A) European women had more individual rights than their Indian counterparts.
B) Indian women sometimes selected tribal leaders.
C) European women were more likely to be granted a divorce.
D) Most, but not all, Indian societies were matrilineal.

Question 36

Native American religious ceremonies:

A) had nothing to do with farming or hunting.
B) were related to the Native American belief that sacred spirits could be found in living and inanimate things.
C) were designed to show that supernatural forces must control man.
D) were the same in every community.

Question 37

What was a difference between Chinese and Portuguese navigation?

A) The Chinese were not looking to discover new places.
B) The Chinese wanted to spread their religion.
C) The Portuguese had no interest in establishing trade ports.
D) The Portuguese did not want to spread Christianity and hoped to learn from other world religions.

Question 38

Why were Bartolomeu Dias's and Vasco da Gama's voyages important?

A) Their voyages contributed to Christianity reaching Africa for the first time.
B) Their voyages opened up much more direct trade with Asia.
C) Their voyages led to numerous Portuguese colonies starting in sub-Saharan Africa.
D) Their voyages increased the wealth of the Italian city-states.

Question 39

What geographic error did Columbus make?

A) He grossly underestimated the size of the earth.
B) He thought the earth was not round but flat.
C) He was certain that India was east of the Americas.
D) He expected the weather in India to be the same as in North Atlantic.

Question 40

After exploring the Atlantic Coast in the late sixteenth century, an Englishman writes in his journal about untouched wilderness. What could this description mean to a European?

A) The land was beautiful.
B) It would take the expedition too much effort to build a settlement.
C) The Native Americans had protected the land.
D) The Native Americans never used this area, so the land now belonged to the English.

Question 41

The Black Legend described:

A) the Aztecs' view of Cortés.
B) English pirates along the African coast.
C) Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
D) Portugal as a vast trading empire.

Question 42

The Columbian Exchange was:

A) the agreement that documented what Christopher Columbus would give to Spanish leaders in return for their sponsorship of his travel to the New World.
B) the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.
C) John Cabot's exploration of the New World, which brought more of the goods that Columbus had found back to the Old World.
D) responsible for introducing corn, tomatoes, and potatoes to the Americas.

Question 43

Which one of the following statements is true of Spanish emigrants to the New World?

A) Many of the early arrivals came to direct Native American labor.
B) From the beginning, they arrived as families.
C) They were all at the bottom of the social hierarchy.
D) They soon outnumbered Native Americans.

Question 44

The actions of Bartolomé de las Casas can best be described in modern-day terminology as that of a(n):

A) whistleblower.
B) irrational man.
C) religious zealot.
D) curious intellectual.

Question 45

The Spanish empire in America:

A) included most of the populated part of the New World but few of its natural resources, making the empire rich in people but poor economically.
B) paled in comparison with the ancient Roman Empire.
C) was, unlike the French and English New World empires, a mostly urban civilization.
D) was centered in Lima, Peru.

Question 46

Who in the sixteenth-century Spanish empire would have the most authority?

A) A Native American chief.
B) A Catholic priest.
C) A locally born wealthy landowner.
D) An administrative official from Spain.

Question 47

The ritual sacrifices practiced by the Aztecs:

A) occurred one at a time and therefore were minimal.
B) prompted most Aztecs to oppose their leaders, who opposed the sacrifices.
C) disgusted Europeans despite their own practices of publicly executing criminals and burning witches at the stake.
D) were always held at an arena in Tenochtitlán that resembled the Roman Colosseum.

Question 48

In 1492, the Native American population:

A) was at least 100 million.
B) lived exclusively in villages of no more than 1,000 individuals.
C) declined catastrophically due to exposure to the Black Plague.
D) lived mostly in Central and South America.

Question 49

According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:

A) Spain needed to institute a more humane system of Native American slavery in order to avoid offending Pope Paul III.
B) Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.
C) despite his opposition to slavery, he needed to keep his slaves so that he would have time to devote to working for abolition and emancipation.
D) slavery needed to be eliminated entirely from the Earth.

Question 50

What role did religion play in Columbus's explorations?

A) None whatsoever.
B) Columbus was determined to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
C) Catholics in Spain and Italy supported his expeditions because they wanted to end Muslim control of the eastern trade.
D) Columbus benefited from Ferdinand and Isabella's efforts to promote tolerance in Spain.

Question 51

The New Laws of 1542:

A) led Protestant Europeans to create the Black Legend about Spanish rule in the Americas.
B) introduced the encomienda system.
C) were adopted at the urging of Gonzalo Pizzaro, brother of Peru's conqueror.
D) stated that Indians would no longer be enslaved in Spanish possessions.

Question 52

What was the most significant result of Ferdinand Magellan's explorations?

A) He was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean.
B) He died in the Caribbean islands.
C) He led the conquering of the Aztecs.
D) His voyages showed that the circumference of the earth was longer than what Columbus had estimated.

Question 53

What was the significance of Puerto Rico?

A) It was where the Indians revolted and booted out the Spanish.
B) It was a rare colony that had gold.
C) It later on broke away from Spain and became an independent nation.
D) Under the Spanish, it did not allow slavery.

Question 54

In 1517, the German priest ________ began the Protestant Reformation by posting his Ninety-Five Theses, which accused the Catholic Church of worldliness and corruption.

A) Martin Buber
B) Ulrich Zwingli
C) Martin Luther
D) Reinhold Niebuhr

Question 55

A substantial difference between the Spanish colonies in Mexico and Santa Fe was that:

A) Santa Fe was settled first.
B) Mexico had few Native Americans.
C) Santa Fe did not concern itself with conversions.
D) Mexico had more Spanish settlers because of gold.

Question 56

Exploring the North American interior in the 1500s, ________ was the first European to encounter the immense herds of buffalo that roamed the Great Plains.

A) Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
B) Hernando de Soto
C) Jacques Marquette
D) Juan Ponce de León

Question 57

A significant difference between the Vikings and Columbus was that:

A) trade was not of consequence to the Vikings.
B) Columbus received much more publicity for his voyages.
C) Columbus and other explorers for Spain did not use violence.
D) the Vikings did not use sails.

Question 58

When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?

A) Native Americans had been struggling with basic survival.
B) The diet of most Native Americans lacked meat, so they had no consistent amounts of protein.
C) Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.
D) The Native Americans had no tribal doctors or healers.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about Spanish America is true?

A) Over time, Spanish America evolved into a hybrid culture-part Spanish, part Indian, and, in some areas, part African.
B) Mestizos enjoyed much political freedom and held most of the high government positions.
C) Spaniards outnumbered the Indian inhabitants after fifty years of settlement.
D) The Catholic Church played only a minor role in Spanish America.

Question 60

After conquests ended and settlements were built, who stood atop the social hierarchy in Spanish America?

A) Mestizos.
B) Criollos.
C) Peninsulares.
D) Conquistadores.

Question 61

How did the Dutch manifest their devotion to liberty?

A) They supported tolerance in religious matters in their colony.
B) Their colony was the first in the Americas to have a bill of rights.
C) They allowed freedom of speech.
D) They issued the Edict of New Netherland, declaring the Puritans to be heathens because they refused to allow religious freedom.

Question 62

The actions of the Pueblo Indians at Santa Fe in 1680 can best be described as:

A) not being interested in religion.
B) being docile.
C) accepting of new cultures.
D) being assertive.

Question 63

As early as 1615, the ________ people of present-day southern Ontario and upper New York State forged a trading alliance with the French, and many of them converted to Catholicism.

A) Pequot
B) Huron
C) Iroquois
D) Cherokee

Question 64

The first French explorations of the New World:

A) brought great riches to France.
B) were intended to locate the Northwest Passage.
C) led to successful colonies in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
D) were in response to an intense rivalry with the Netherlands.

Question 65

What was in the "Declaration of Josephe"?

A) He declared that the Spanish God was dead.
B) He discussed the importance of the Catholic faith to his tribe.
C) He asserted how his tribe had rejected Christianity from the beginning.
D) He described how his attempt to convert other tribes had failed.

Question 66

Which of the following is true of Spain's explorations of the New World?

A) Individual conquistadores always traveled alone.
B) Members of the Spanish parties suffered greatly from disease.
C) Florida was the first region in the present-day continental United States that Spain colonized.
D) Spain sought to forestall Portuguese incursions into the New World.

Question 67

A seventeenth-century colonial woman who believed she was cheated out of money would have the best chance of having her case heard if she lived in:

A) New Amsterdam.
B) Mexico City.
C) Jamestown.
D) Quebec.

Question 68

The first permanent European settlement in the Southwest, established in 1610, was:

A) Tucson.
B) Albuquerque.
C) El Paso.
D) Santa Fe.

Question 69

How did French involvement in the fur trade change life for Native Americans?

A) It didn't; Native Americans were already hunting beaver and buffalo for their skins.
B) Native Americans benefited economically but were able to avoid getting caught in European conflicts and rivalries.
C) The French were willing to accept Native Americans into colonial society.
D) The English and French quests for beaver pelts prompted a surge in the Native American population.

Question 70

France's relations with Native American tribes can be described as a marriage of necessity because:

A) Native Americans were needed to mine for gold.
B) tobacco was the cash crop for the French.
C) very few French came to North America.
D) Native Americans rejected Christianity.

Question 71

Which European country dominated international commerce in the early seventeenth century?

A) France.
B) The Netherlands.
C) Britain.
D) Spain.

Question 72

In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded:

A) Montreal.
B) New York.
C) Champlain.
D) Quebec.

Question 73

Unlike Spanish missionaries, the Jesuits did what in regard to converting Indians?

A) The Jesuits did not suppress traditional Indian religious customs.
B) They converted Indians to Protestant faiths instead of Catholicism.
C) They rarely had success with their conversions.
D) The Jesuit conversion methods went against the directives of Samuel de Champlain.

Question 74

People from ________ were most likely to go to other European countries or rival colonies before settling in one of their own ________ colonies.

A) England; English
B) the Netherlands; Dutch
C) Portugal; Portuguese
D) France; French

Question 75

Henry Hudson:

A) set sail into the bay that bears his name as a representative of the British empire.
B) was searching for the Pacific coast.
C) hoped to find the Northwest Passage to Asia.
D) set up a Dutch colony based on the idea of consent of the governed.

Question 76

Where was the Spanish settlement Santa Elena located?

A) Florida.
B) Texas.
C) New Mexico.
D) South Carolina.

Question 77

Which statement is true of New France?

A) It was the subject of a great deal of favorable publicity throughout Europe.
B) Its commitment to religious toleration was a source of great embarrassment for less tolerant powers like England and Spain.
C) Its population was limited at best, because France feared that a significant emigration would undermine its role as a great European power.
D) The only women allowed to reside there were nuns, a reflection of the French commitment to spreading Catholicism.

Question 78

Which of the following is true of freedom in New Netherland?

A) The colony's elected assembly enjoyed greater rights of self-government than any English colonial legislative body.
B) The Dutch commitment to liberty prompted the colony to ban slavery there.
C) Religious intolerance led the Dutch to ban all Jewish peoples from the colony.
D) Married women retained a legal identity separate from that of their husbands.

Question 79

Which European city was known in the early seventeenth century as a haven for persecuted Protestants from all over Europe and even for Jews fleeing Spain?

A) Amsterdam.
B) Geneva.
C) Marseilles.
D) London.

Question 80

Acoma was an Indian city in present-day ________ that the Spanish destroyed.

A) New Mexico
B) Florida
C) Cuba
D) California