Deck 9: Motivation, Satisfaction, and Performance

Question 1

Expectancy theory is a highly rational approach to understanding motivation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Behaviors that go beyond job descriptions and role requirements and help reduce the workload or stress of others in the organization are organizational citizenship behaviors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In Maslow's hierarchy,physiological and security needs must be satisfied before belongingness or esteem needs are pursued.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Performance

A)Is the likelihood behavior an individual will initiate and continue exhibiting
B)Involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as organizational goals
C)Concerns those behaviors directed toward the organization's goals resulting from those behaviors
D)Describes choosing a task to engage in establishing the level of effort to put forth on it and determining the degree of persistence in it over time

Question 5

Anything that provides direction,intensity and persistence to behavior is

A)Motivation
B)Performance
C)Effectiveness
D)Satisfaction

Question 6

According to the ERG theory,only one need can operate at a time.

Question 7

Most leaders prefer appealing to their employees' personal values or give them something meaningful to do.

Question 8

Job satisfaction is

A)How hard one works
B)How much one likes a specific kind of job
C)How well one works
D)How much one is motivated to work

Question 9

Worker productivity and job dissatisfaction in the United States are at an all-time high.

Question 10

Among the following underlying causes of performance problems,leaders seem to have the most difficulty recognizing and rectifying

A)Motivation problems
B)Unclear expectations
C)Skill deficits
D)Resource/equipment shortages

Question 11

Self-efficacy is not linked to motivation and performance.

Question 12

Fairness in the workplace makes intuitive sense and is present in many organizations.

Question 13

Sometimes followers are actually rewarded for behaviors that leaders are trying to extinguish and punished for behaviors that leaders want to increase.

Question 14

Leaders appear to be very good at accurately assessing followers' work values.

Question 15

At least some of the increasing violence at home and in the workplace may be exacerbated by poor leadership.

Question 16

Procedural justice involves the process in which rewards or punishments are administered.

Question 17

Which of the following involves making judgments about the adequacy of behavior with respect to certain criteria such as work-group or organizational goals?

A)Reliability
B)Responsiveness
C)Performance
D)Effectiveness

Question 18

Motivation is the direction,intensity and persistence of behavior.

Question 19

The emotions generated by political campaigns often seem to provide a better explanation for the large amount of time and effort people contribute.

Question 20

In surveys of job satisfaction,a facet satisfaction item asks about particular aspects of the job such as pay or working conditions.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about goals is false?

A)Determining just how challenging to make goals creates a dilemma for leaders
B)Goal commitment is critical and is often as high as commitment to goals followers helped to set
C)Followers exerted the greatest effort when goals were accompanied by feedback
D)Easily attainable goals result in higher levels of effort and performance

Question 22

Leaders who suffer from extrinsic motivational bias falsely believe followers are more motivated by

A)Job security
B)Money
C)Recognition
D)Helping others

Question 23

Which of the following is most important in the equity theory?

A)The evaluation of equality of inputs or equality of outcomes
B)The absolute value of one's own outcomes considered by itself
C)The absolute value of one's own inputs considered by itself
D)The relationship between the two ratios

Question 24

Which of the following statements about the equity theory is true?

A)If the ratios are significantly different,a follower is not motivated to take change
B)As long as there is general equality between the two ratios,there is motivation to change
C)The perception of inequity creates a state of tension and an inherent pressure for change
D)Exactly what the follower will be motivated to do depends on the direction of equality

Question 25

According to Alderfer's existence-relatedness-growth theory,existence needs basically correspond to Maslow's

A)Physiological and social needs
B)Social and esteem needs
C)Need for self-actualization
D)Physiological and security needs

Question 26

"Motivated performance is the result of conscious choice" is a fundamental assumption of

A)Self-efficacy
B)Expectancy theory
C)Equity theory
D)Goal setting

Question 27

Leaders can motivate followers with strong _____ values by giving them opportunities to improve society and help others who are less fortunate.

A)Affiliation
B)Hedonism
C)Altruism
D)Security

Question 28

According to the ERG theory,which of the following statements about followers is true?

A)If followers are repeatedly thwarted in satisfying a need,then leadership practitioners should appeal to that need
B)Followers having relatively satisfied existence needs are more apt to focus on relatedness and growth needs
C)Followers' frustration of higher-level need can lead to efforts to satisfy lower-level needs
D)Followers having relatively unmet growth needs will focus their behaviors on satisfying that need

Question 29

Which theory states that motivation is based on three levels of needs and that more than one need may operate at the same time?

A)Achievement orientation
B)ERG theory
C)Expectancy theory
D)Maslow's hierarchy

Question 30

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs,which is the most basic level need?

A)Belongingness needs
B)Esteem needs
C)Physiological needs
D)Security needs

Question 31

In effort-to-performance expectancy,

A)The follower must determine whether the outcome is sufficiently positive to be worth the time and effort
B)The follower estimates the likelihood of receiving a reward,given that she achieves the desired level of performance
C)The follower must determine the likely outcomes,assuming that the previous two conditions have been met
D)The follower estimates the likelihood of performing the desired behavior adequately,assuming she puts forth the required effort

Question 32

An individual's tendency to exert effort toward task accomplishment depended partly on the strength of his/her motive to achieve success.This is called

A)Problem solving
B)Customer orientation
C)Relationship building
D)Achievement orientation

Question 33

This occurs when leaders articulate high expectations for followers.

A)Hawthorne effect
B)Pygmalion effect
C)Placebo effect
D)Hierarchy effect

Question 34

Personal inputs refer to

A)Skills
B)Recognition
C)Job satisfaction
D)Personal growth

Question 35

Some people are motivated to persist in certain behaviors for the simple reason that they like to do them.This is called

A)Extrinsic motivation
B)Overjustification effect
C)Intrinsic motivation
D)Observer effect

Question 36

Which of the following statements concerning the overjustification effect is true?

A)The overjustification effect occurs in a number of situations
B)Rewards seen as providing "informational" value typically result in a decrease in intrinsic motivation for the task
C)Overjustification effect is more a reality than a myth
D)External rewards may backfire if they are given to people already intrinsically motivated to perform the tasks

Question 37

What is the motivational strategy of followers with strong scientific values?

A)They enjoy analyzing data to get at the truth
B)The more they are paid,the more they are motivated to work
C)They are motivated when they work in organizations that have strong customs
D)They believe fame,visibility and publicity are important

Question 38

Which of the following would most likely result in consistently higher effort and performance?

A)Goals that are both specific and difficult
B)Goals that are very difficult to achieve
C)"Do your best" goals
D)Having clear goals

Question 39

What are the most powerful determinants of task behaviors,according to Locke and Latham?

A)Values
B)Goals
C)Abilities
D)Needs

Question 40

Leaders who have little faith in their followers' ability to accomplish a goal are rarely disappointed.This refers to

A)Placebo effect
B)Pygmalion effect
C)Golem effect
D)Hierarchy effect

Question 41

Compare and contrast performance and effectiveness.

Question 42

Compare and contrast positive self-efficacy and negative self-efficacy.

Question 43

This reflects the degree to which people are given information about different reward procedures and are treated with dignity and respect.

A)Decentralization
B)Interactional justice
C)Empowerment
D)Distributive justice

Question 44

Define and describe the expectancy theory and its three probabilities.

Question 45

Herzberg labeled the factors that led to satisfaction at work as

A)Positive affectivity
B)Hygiene factors
C)Motivators
D)Negative affectivity

Question 46

Which of the following is not a macro psychological component underlying empowerment?

A)Learning
B)Motivation
C)Stress
D)Meaning

Question 47

This assesses the overall degree to which employees are satisfied with their organization and their job.

A)Hygiene factors
B)Facet satisfaction item
C)Global satisfaction item
D)Motivators

Question 48

According to the text,what is the main reason for people staying with organizations?

A)Bases job evaluation on innovation
B)Supports training and education
C)Encourages fun,collegial relationships
D)Promises of long-term employment

Question 49

Compare and contrast the two conceptualizations of empowerment.Discuss the criticism of empowerment.

Question 50

Adopting an effective empowerment program takes

A)Motivation,learning and stress
B)Training,trust and time
C)Guidance,influence and support
D)Self-determination,meaning and competence

Question 51

Summarize Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 52

Any consequence that increases the likelihood that a particular behavior will be repeated is called

A)Motivation
B)Punishment
C)Reward
D)Preference

Question 53

Transformational leadership uses _____ as the fuel to drive followers' heightened motivational levels.

A)Emotion
B)Logic
C)Reasoning
D)Reward

Question 54

Explain the three practical implications for motivating followers using ERG theory.

Question 55

List and briefly explain the six steps for improving followers' motivation and performance levels using operant principles.

Question 56

Explain organizational citizenship behaviors with examples.

Question 57

Write a short note on intrinsic motivation.

Question 58

One's core beliefs about being able to successfully perform a given task is called

A)Self-actualization
B)Self-efficacy
C)Self-esteem
D)Self-fulfillment

Question 59

According to the two-factor theory,which of these is a hygiene factor?

A)Job security
B)Achievement
C)Responsibility
D)Advancement and growth

Question 60

List and define the three components of organizational justice.