Deck 25: Respiration

Question 1

In the presence of carbon dioxide,

A) the formation of bicarbonate causes oxygen to bind more tightly to hemoglobin.
B) hemoglobin changes shape,giving up oxygen more readily.
C) hemoglobin is not able to bind with bicarbonate.
D) hemoglobin dissociates.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Red blood cells are capable of transporting

A) oxygen only.
B) carbon dioxide only.
C) oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D) nutrients.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During inhalation,air flows into the lungs because

A) air pressure is greater outside the body than in the lungs and naturally flows inside once the chest has expanded.
B) the strong chest muscles are sucking in air.
C) air moves passively in and out of the lungs through time.
D) the surfactant in the lungs "draws" in air because of its adhesive properties.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

On a statistical basis,smoking a single cigarette lowers your life expectancy

A) 5 minutes.
B) 10.7 minutes.
C) 35 minutes.
D) 2 hours.
E) 24 hours.

Question 5

The structures of the vertebrate lung through which gases are exchanged with the blood are the

A) pleural membrane.
B) bronchioles.
C) bronchi.
D) alveoli.

Question 6

After the incidence of smoking began to increase in the United States,about how long was it before the incidence of lung cancer began to increase?

A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 20 years
D) 30 years
E) 45 years

Question 7

Oxygen and carbon dioxide bind to the same sites on the hemoglobin molecule at different times.

Question 8

Capturing energy by animals is in effect a process that utilizes ______ and produces _______.

A) oxygen;carbon dioxide
B) N₂;carbon
C) nitrogen;H₂O
D) carbon dioxide;oxygen
E) ATP;AMP

Question 9

What is the main reason that lung cancer develops?

A) The person's immune system is nonfunctional.
B) Exposure to allergens
C) Tumor suppressor genes undergo mutations.
D) Mitotic growth factors replicate.

Question 10

Which type of animal does not obtain its oxygen by diffusion from surrounding water across the body surface?

A) Sponges
B) Dolphins
C) Cnidarians
D) Roundworms
E) Frogs

Question 11

Which of the following possess gills?

A) Snails
B) Clams
C) Sea stars
D) Guppies
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 12

Which mineral in hemoglobin binds oxygen in a reversible way?

A) Nitrogen
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Zinc
E) Sodium

Question 13

Which of the following is incorrect concerning hemoglobin?

A) Hemoglobin is made of amino acids.
B) Hemoglobin is made inside red blood cells.
C) Hemoglobin never leaves red blood cells.
D) Hemoglobin can bind to carbon dioxide.
E) Hemoglobin is composed of 3 protein chain subunits.

Question 14

Which of the following is incorrect about gills?

A) In fish,the gills are protected by an operculum.
B) Fish pump water over the gills.
C) In echinoderms,the gill is a thin sheet of tissue that waves through the water.
D) Terrestrial arthropods also have gills.

Question 15

The function of the epiglottis is to

A) separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
B) bind to carbon dioxide in red blood cells.
C) increase the buffering capacity of blood.
D) cover the trachea when food is being swallowed.
E) line the interior of the thoracic cavity.

Question 16

During normal exhalation,air leaves the lungs because

A) air currents outside the body draw air out of the lungs in a process called transpiration.
B) the strong chest muscles force air out by squeezing the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure inside the lungs.
C) the diaphragm and chest muscles relax,decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and making air pressure greater inside the lungs than outside so it flows outward.
D) there is more carbon dioxide inside the lungs than outside so air flows outward by diffusion.

Question 17

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A) The diaphragm
B) The pleural membrane
C) The trachea
D) The bronchus

Question 18

In terrestrial arthropods,gases are exchanged

A) within gills.
B) within tracheae.
C) within lungs.
D) across the skin.

Question 19

In a countercurrentflow system,the blood oxygen saturation

A) reaches equilibrium with the water at 50% saturation.
B) is much lower than the water oxygen saturation at first.
C) reaches 70% and then there is no further net diffusion.
D) is continually slightly lower than the water oxygen saturation.
E) is continually slightly higher than the water oxygen saturation.

Question 20

In mammals,the ____________ covers each lung and lines the thoracic cavity,coupling the lungs to the walls of the thoracic cavity.

A) bronchus
B) diaphragm
C) operculum
D) pleural membrane
E) alveoli

Question 21

Why is smoking cigarettes so dangerous to human health?

Question 22

In mammals,the diaphragm separates the ____________ cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Question 23

Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme within red blood cells that synthesizes hemoglobin.

Question 24

In bird lungs,air flow through the lungs is perpendicular to the flow of blood,which is called crosscurrent flow.How would this crosscurrent flow compare to both countercurrent flow and concurrent flow in terms of efficiency of capturing oxygen?

Question 25

In which animal is a countercurrent flow system used?

A) Birds
B) Lizards
C) Fish
D) Mammals
E) Whales

Question 26

Lungs are a more efficient method of respiration than gills.

Question 27

The air pressure in the lungs is reduced when the volume of the lungs is reduced.

Question 28

Explain the role of both carbonic anhydrase and chloride shift in keeping the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood plasma low.

Question 29

In a concurrent exchange system,the initial oxygen concentration difference between the blood and water is large.

Question 30

A gene called ________________ is a tumor suppressor gene that is disabled in 50% of all cancers and 70% of all lung cancers.

Question 31

Fish move water in only one direction over their gills permitting countercurrent flow.

Question 32

A mixture of lipoprotein molecules called ____________________ reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

Question 33

Red blood cells are packed with iron-containing ____________ molecules that can carry oxygen.