Deck 19: Populations and Communities

Question 1

Which of the following is not a method of dispersal exhibited by populations?

A) floating or drifting on vegetation
B) introduction by humans
C) resource partitioning
D) being carried by the wind

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The entire range of the ways that an organism uses the resources in its habitat is called the organism's

A) character displacement.
B) realized niche.
C) fundamental niche.
D) expansion niche.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What type of survivorship curve is typical of many oyster species?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

From the list that follows choose the adaptation characteristic of K-selected populations.

A) Short lifespan
B) High mortality rate
C) Little to no parental care
D) Late age of first reproduction

Question 5

_____________ species avoid competition by living in different portions of the habitat or using different resources.

A) Sympatric
B) Allopatric
C) Co-evolved
D) Predator

Question 6

As an indicator of how a population might be using its resources in a given area,ecologists will determine population ________________,which is a measure of the scatter of individuals within the habitat.

A) density
B) abundance
C) distribution
D) size

Question 7

When a nontoxic viceroy butterfly has come to resemble the distasteful monarch butterfly,the relationship can best be called

A) symbiosis.
B) mutualism.
C) Batesian mimicry.
D) Müllerian mimicry.

Question 8

______________ serves to narrow niche breadth.

A) Competition
B) Predation
C) Symbiosis
D) Commensalism

Question 9

Choose the best definition of a community.

A) All of the organisms plus the nonliving habitat
B) Living organisms and soil
C) The dominant organisms in an area
D) All of the organisms in an area

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a predator-prey relationship?

A) Barnacles on whales
B) Pistol shrimp and coral
C) Whales grazing on plankton
D) Fungi and plants in mycorrhizae

Question 11

An experiment that was conducted by Gause in the 1930s with Paramecium clearly demonstrated

A) exploitative competition.
B) interference competition.
C) competitive exclusion.
D) fundamental competition.

Question 12

Succession that occurs on abandoned agricultural fields is best described as

A) primary succession.
B) secondary succession.
C) biome succession.
D) prairie succession.

Question 13

Two factors that appear to be regulating the cycles of some showshoe hare populations are

A) intraspecific competition and predators.
B) food plants and predators.
C) predators and succession.
D) food plants and symbioses.

Question 14

When a population reaches the carrying capacity of its habitat,the effects of crowding can be felt.Which of the following is NOT a density-dependent effect?

A) Increased migration
B) Increased time spent searching for food
C) Increased aggression
D) Increased flooding

Question 15

When the eyespot on a butterfly's wings startles a predator and the prey gets away,this is probably

A) Batesian mimicry.
B) self-mimicry.
C) Mullerian mimicry.

Question 16

The type of growth that a population may show when food and habitat are limitless is called

A) explosive.
B) sigmoid.
C) logistic.
D) exponential.

Question 17

After much study,ecologists have come to the conclusion that persistent and intense competition between two species

A) occurs rather frequently in nature.
B) occurs more frequently on islands than on the mainland.
C) occurs more frequently in tropical habitats than temperate ones.
D) occurs very rarely in nature.

Question 18

Oxpeckers have a ________relationship with grazing animals.

A) parasitisitic
B) commensalistic
C) mutualistic
D) predator-prey

Question 19

Lice and their relationship with mammals is an example of what type of symbiosis?

A) Parasitism
B) Commensalism
C) Mutualism
D) Succession

Question 20

A snake that has evolved to look similar to a branch will probably be able to avoid

A) predation.
B) parasitism.
C) competition.
D) mutualism.
E) the sun's rays.

Question 21

In most species,populations that are characteristic of a particular biome are found wherever that biome occurs in the world.

Question 22

________________ is defined as the percentage of the original population that survives at a given age.

Question 23

In true commensalism,both partners benefit.

Question 24

All of the following are characteristics of an r-selected population except

A) short life span.
B) no parental care.
C) extensive homeostatic capacity.
D) early age of reproduction.
E) many offspring produced.

Question 25

If a plant species grows where no life existed before,this could be the first stage of

A) primary succession.
B) pioneering succession.
C) biotic creation.
D) biotic potential.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a plant response against herbivores?

A) Mustard oil
B) Thorns
C) Prickles
D) Flower colors
E) Spines

Question 27

Which of the following tends to happen as a population approaches its carrying capacity?

A) Increased competition for food
B) Increased competition for shelter
C) Increased competition for mating sites
D) Increased competition for light
E) All of the above.

Question 28

When a lion competes with a zebra for water it is an example of interspecific competition.

Question 29

Closely related species that live in the same geographical area are called sympatric.

Question 30

Factors of weather and climate that operate on a population regardless of its size are called _____________________ effects.

Question 31

Which of the following are not types of adjustments made by organisms to cope with environmental challenges?

A) morphological adaptations
B) physiological adaptations
C) behavioral adaptations
D) K-selected adaptations

Question 32

The long-term,mutual evolutionary adjustment of two or more species to each other is called _________________.

Question 33

Choose the best definition of the term "ecology."

A) Ecology is the study of how animals behave and how those behaviors evolved.
B) Ecology is the study of how biological and non-biological components cycle through ecosystems.
C) Ecology is the study of the diversity of life.
D) Ecology is the study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their habitat.

Question 34

A measure of the number of individuals within a population per unit area is called

A) population distribution.
B) population density.
C) population range.
D) population size.

Question 35

The role an organism plays within its ecosystem is called its _______________.

Question 36

Parasitism is a form of symbiosis.

Question 37

All of the different kinds of interacting organisms living within a certain area make up a

A) population.
B) ecosystem.
C) community.
D) species.

Question 38

When a pistol shrimp defends the coral in which it lives,the relationship between the two is called

A) mutualism.
B) predation.
C) commensalism.
D) parasitism.
E) mimicry.

Question 39

The ________________ of a habitat is the number of individuals the habitat has the resources to support.

Question 40

A camouflaged animal uses aposematic coloring to hide from predators.

Question 41

Describe methods plants use to deter their herbivores.

Question 42

Which organism is more likely to go extinct-one with a specialized,narrow niche or one with a broad,generalized niche? Explain your answer.

Question 43

______________ occurs when one organism comes to resemble another organism.

Question 44

_____________ species are closely related species that do not live in the same geographical area.

Question 45

When changes in behavior or morphology evolve to avoid competition,it is called ____________________________.

Question 46

In what manner does predation reduce competition?

Question 47

The three types of survivorship curves are idealized situations.What type of curve probably happens more frequently in nature?

Question 48

What types of density-dependent effects could we see in human populations as conditions become crowded due to overpopulation?