Deck 3: Meiosis,Development and Aging

Question 1

A bulbourethral gland secretes

A)sperm.
B)a mucus-like fluid.
C)blood.
D)saliva.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I is

A)telophase-anaphase-metaphase-prophase
B)46 chromosomes,23 chromosomes,then 46 chromosomes
C)prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
D)anaphase-metaphase-prophase-telophase

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During the first meiotic division

A)sperm and oocytes form.
B)homologous chromosome pairs separate.
C)homologous chromosome pairs join.
D)the cell becomes diploiD.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following structures is unpaired?

A)seminal vesicle
B)ovary
C)bulbourethral gland
D)prostate gland

Question 5

The female gonads are the

A)ovaries.
B)oocytes.
C)uterus.
D)labia.

Question 6

The female sex cells develop in paired organs in the abdomen called _____.

A)ovaries
B)oocytes
C)vagina
D)clitoris

Question 7

Spermatocytes and oocytes are

A)haploid.
B)diploid.
C)polyploidy.
D)aneuploiD.

Question 8

The ovary in an adult contains

A)seminal vesicles.
B)many oocytes in various stages of maturity.
C)many sperm in various stages of maturity.
D)a number of mature oocytes equal to 100 minus the woman's age.

Question 9

The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the

A)cervix.
B)labia.
C)rectum.
D)ovary.

Question 10

Meiosis is necessary because otherwise

A)the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material.
B)the fertilized ovum will have too little genetic material.
C)reproduction would have to be asexual.
D)too many mutations will occur.

Question 11

The _____ are the male gonads.

A)scrotum
B)testes
C)urethra
D)penis

Question 12

The ovary of a newborn girl houses about _____ primary oocytes.rev: 02_03_2014_QC_44307

A)1,000
B)10,000
C)100,000
D)1,000,000

Question 13

Amanda is curious to know how many chromosomes are in each somatic cell of a chicken she was relishing.She looks it up and finds that it has 78 chromosomes.Therefore,a sperm or an unfertilized egg from a chicken would contain _____ chromosomes.

A)23
B)39
C)46
D)78

Question 14

Spermatocytes and oocytes are called

A)grommets.
B)marmites.
C)gametes.
D)gonads.

Question 15

The male and female reproductive systems of an adult each include

A)gonads,tubes,gametes,hormones and secretions.
B)ambiguous structures that give rise to male or female structures at puberty.
C)spermatids,polar bodies,and oocytes.
D)200 to 600 million spermatocytes and a few thousand oocytes.

Question 16

The number of possible chromosome combinations in a human gamete,considering independent assortment but not crossing over,is about

A)8.
B)800.
C)80,000.
D)8 million.

Question 17

The first cell that leads to development of a new individual forms when

A)mitosis occurs.
B)meosis occurs.
C)a sperm and an oocyte join.
D)a haploid cell and a diploid cell join.

Question 18

Synapsis occurs during

A)prophase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)anaphase I.
D)telophase I.

Question 19

Which is a characteristic of seminal fluid?

A)It consists of sperm and secretions.
B)It is acidic.
C)It travels through the large intestine to the anus.
D)It is free of prostaglandins and nutrients.

Question 20

The number of sperm cells in an ejaculation averages

A)2,000 to 6,000.
B)20,000 to 60,000.
C)200 to 600 million.
D)200 to 600 billion.

Question 21

After the second meiotic division,the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is _____ that of the original parental cell.

A)half
B)double
C)the same as
D)quadruple

Question 22

A normal oogonium is a(n)_______ cell.

A)diploid
B)aneuploid
C)polyploid
D)triploid

Question 23

Meiosis in females

A)is completed only if an oocyte is fertilized.
B)results in large,mature polar bodies.
C)is completed with the production of one or two oocytes every month before ovulation.
D)is completed before birth.

Question 24

Human prenatal development takes _____ weeks.

A)32
B)38
C)44
D)52

Question 25

Crossing over occurs during

A)prophase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.

Question 26

_____ prepares sperm for penetration of the oocyte.

A)Capacitation
B)Differentiation
C)Meiosis
D)Frenulation

Question 27

By the end of meiosis I of oogenesis,an oogonium becomes

A)an ovum and a tropical body.
B)a secondary oocyte and a polar body.
C)two polar bodies of equal size.
D)two diploid cells.

Question 28

Primary spermatocytes develop from the division of

A)male gametes.
B)secondary spermatocytes.
C)spermatogonia.
D)somatic cells

Question 29

The nuclei from the approaching sperm and egg are called

A)mononuclei.
B)pronuclei.
C)gametocytes.
D)gametes.

Question 30

Fertilization usually occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)uterine tube.
C)uterus.
D)endometrium (uterine lining).

Question 31

In the first step in oogenesis

A)a primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.
B)an oogonium accumulates cytoplasm and DNA replicates.
C)a stem cell divides to yield an oogonium and a spermatogonium.
D)an oocyte divides to yield two polar bodies.

Question 32

At the end of meiosis,the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is halved because meiosis has

A)two cell divisions and no DNA replication.
B)two cell divisions,but one DNA replication.
C)one cell division and two DNA replications.
D)one cell division and one DNA replication.

Question 33

During meiosis II in sperm development

A)primary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form diploid secondary spermatocytes.
B)secondary spermatocytes divide meiotically to form haploid spermatids.
C)spermatids divide meiotically to form haploid spermatozoa.
D)sperm and oocyte meet and merge.

Question 34

The stem cells from which sperm cells descend are called

A)spermatogoniA.
B)secondary spermatocytes.
C)spermatids.
D)patagonia.

Question 35

The female gamete just before it is fertilized is termed

A)a secondary oocyte.
B)an oogonium.
C)a zygote.
D)a reprocyte.

Question 36

After meiosis I,the number of chromosomes is _____ that of a somatic cell.

A)half
B)double
C)the same as
D)quadruple

Question 37

The zona pellucida is

A)a protective layer around the secondary oocyte.
B)a protective layer around the sperm.
C)a bump on the head of a sperm that contains enzymes.
D)the biggest constriction of a chromosome.

Question 38

The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is

A)2.
B)4.
C)16.
D)100.

Question 39

Sperm undergo capacitation

A)in the testicles as sperm develop.
B)in the woman's body.
C)just after the second polar body is ejected.
D)immediately following a sperm's penetration of an oocyte.

Question 40

The head of a sperm contains the

A)cell membrane.
B)cytoskeleton.
C)DNA.
D)testosterone.

Question 41

Which structures are part of the same primary germ layer?

A)skin,tooth dentin,tonsils
B)muscle,kidneys,dermis
C)bones,blood,thyroid gland
D)uterus,bladder,pituitary gland

Question 42

The major body part(s)derived from ectoderm is/are

A)the nervous system and skin.
B)bone tissue.
C)the respiratory tract,urinary bladder,and urethra.
D)the liver and pancreas.

Question 43

Amniotic fluid

A)absorbs wastes the fetus excretes.
B)protects the embryo against jarring movements.
C)prevents the fetus from becoming thirsty.
D)is a fetal form of blooD.

Question 44

The inner cell mass

A)helps form the amnion.
B)becomes the fetus.
C)gives rise to the embryo.
D)is derived from the male genome only.

Question 45

The partial twinning that led to the births of conjoined twins Abby and Brittany Hensel must have happened during the first two weeks of gestation,because the girls

A)share tissues that descend from ectoderm,endoderm,and mesoderm.
B)share only tissues derived from mesoderm.
C)were born on time.
D)have two separate nervous systems.

Question 46

The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is

A)progesterone.
B)hCG.
C)ADH.
D)testosterone.

Question 47

The placenta

A)is where blood cells form before the fetus has bone marrow.
B)nourishes the fetus and secretes hormones that maintain the pregnancy.
C)is a membrane surrounding the embryo that gives rise to the blood vessels in the umbilical cord.
D)is the membrane that contains the fetus.

Question 48

The allantois

A)destroys old blood cells.
B)gives rise to the yolk sac.
C)forms blood cells.
D)is part of the placenta.

Question 49

Two oocytes released from the same ovary at the same time and fertilized by two sperm results in

A)monozygotic twins.
B)dizygotic twins.
C)blighted ova.
D)cloned embryos.

Question 50

Tanisha and Tawanda are twins but do not look alike.They are the result of fertilization of

A)one oocyte by two sperm cells.
B)two oocytes by one sperm cell.
C)two oocytes by two sperm cells.
D)one oogonium by one spermatogonium.

Question 51

Blastocyst cells that give rise to the embryo's body constitute the

A)blastomere.
B)inner cell mass.
C)outer cell mass.
D)mesoderm.

Question 52

An embryo develops rudiments of all organs by week _____ of prenatal development.

A)8
B)4
C)6
D)3

Question 53

A blastomere is a _____ and a blastocyst is _____.

A)fetal organ produced by cleavage;an embryonic organ produced by cleavage
B)fetal membrane;an embryonic membrane
C)cell produced by cleavage;a hollow ball of cells
D)solid ball of cells;three-layered embryo

Question 54

Latika and Jeremiah are thrilled at the ultrasound scan that shows that their fetus appears to be a boy.It is the first time this has shown up on a scan.Latika is likely in her ___ week of pregnancy.

A)sixth
B)twelfth
C)twentieth
D)thirtieth

Question 55

Which of the following characteristics of the fetus distinguishes it from the embryo?

A)Blood cells form and fill primitive blood vessels.
B)The primitive streak appears.
C)Bone replaces the softer cartilage.
D)The specialization of one group of cells causes adjacent groups of cells to specialize.

Question 56

Body parts derived from endoderm include

A)epidermis and dermis of the skin as well as hair and nails.
B)the urinary bladder epithelium,pancreas,and digestive tract lining.
C)all connective tissues,including blood,bone,and cartilage.
D)the linings of the blood vessels,trachea,and body cavities.

Question 57

Body parts derived from mesoderm are the

A)muscle tissue,bone tissue,and internal reproductive organs.
B)epidermis,hair,nails,and glands of skin.
C)respiratory tract,urinary bladder,and urethra.
D)pancreas,kidneys,and lymphatic vessels.

Question 58

Connective tissues are part of the primordial embryo's

A)mesoderm.
B)endoderm.
C)ectoderm.
D)epidermis.

Question 59

Which of the following is true about the fetal stage of development?

A)The organ systems initially form,and then grow.
B)The head is disproportionately small at the beginning of the stage.
C)It comes after the embryonic period.
D)It consists of the first three months of the pregnancy.

Question 60

The primary germ layers develop from the

A)blastocyst.
B)embryonic disc.
C)uterus.
D)morula.

Question 61

The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include

A)impaired intellect.
B)an extra nipple.
C)accelerated growth.
D)webbing between the toes.

Question 62

Current thinking about the cause of Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome,which is a severe segmental progeroid syndrome,is that

A)the body is unable to secrete insulin.
B)the part of the brain that controls aging is damaged.
C)abnormal lamin A protein stresses the nuclear membrane,disturbing DNA repair such that mutations accumulate that cause the diseases of aging.
D)a protein called progerin forms clumps in the brain in a way that removes DNA from the tips of telomeres,shortening chromosomes and lifespan.

Question 63

Teratogens are substances that

A)cause birth defects.
B)protect against infection.
C)prevent accumulation of cholesterol.
D)cause genetic disease.

Question 64

Thalidomide is

A)a drug that causes fetal limb defects,but is used to treat leprosy.
B)a drug that causes mental retardation in fetuses,but is used to treat acne.
C)a type of bacterial infection.
D)a vitamin that harms fetuses in megadoses.

Question 65

Monica takes the drug Accutane throughout her pregnancy,and her child has mental retardation and heart problems,due to the exposure.Accutane is a(n)

A)mutagen.
B)teratogen.
C)pregnancy modifier.
D)carcinogen.

Question 66

Centenarians are

A)segmented worms.
B)people in the military.
C)people who live past 100 years.
D)people who die just before their 100^th birthday.
E)people who live past 90.

Question 67

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy can cause

A)spontaneous abortion,prematurity,low birth weight,and stillbirth.
B)diabetes and hypertension later in the life of the offspring.
C)lung cancer in the fetus.
D)large fetal size and hypertension in the woman.

Question 68

Erica is 8 years old,but looks as if she is 80.She is thin,with a beaked nose,very little hair,and several diseases that are typically seen in the elderly.She is most likely to have

A)a segmental progeroid syndrome.
B)a clotting disorder.
C)osteogenesis imperfecta.
D)Werner syndrome.

Question 69

Starvation in the uterus increases the risk in adulthood of developing

A)heart and blood vessel disease,type 2 diabetes,and obesity.
B)severe underweight or overweight.
C)eating disorders and social anxiety disorder.
D)post traumatic stress disorder and hearing loss.

Question 70

The critical period is

A)the time during which a sperm can fertilize an oocyte.
B)the time during which an embryo can implant in the uterine lining.
C)the time during development when structures are sensitive to damage from a mutation,toxin,or virus.
D)the labor perioD.

Question 71

The sirtuin,resveratrol,is a natural component of

A)turtle soup
B)owl meat
C)cigarette smoke
D)red wine

Question 72

The reason that starvation during prenatal development raises the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic problems in adulthood is that

A)starvation before birth and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders are all caused by a single mutation.
B)metabolism in the fetus shifts to preserve vital organs,accelerating weight gain in childhood.
C)lack of nutrients damages the heart in the uterus.
D)the child remembers the lack of nutrition in the uterus and eats too much.

Question 73

A single-gene disease that can cause symptoms in a fetus is

A)Huntington disease.
B)Alzheimer disease.
C)malaria.
D)osteogenesis imperfecta.