Deck 1: What Is in a Human Genome

Question 1

A human body has about _____ cells.

A)3.2 billion
B)20,600
C)37 trillion
D)10 to 100 million

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Variants of a gene are called

A)genotypes.
B)phenotypes.
C)alleles.
D)single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In general,RNA molecules

A)comprise the chromosomes.
B)use the information in specific DNA sequences to construct proteins.
C)entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins.
D)form double helices that encode DNA sequences.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

One way to study the human genome is to

A)determine the twisting patterns of the two sides of the double helix.
B)determine the sequence of sugars and phosphates.
C)determine the DNA sequence.
D)conduct a phenotype-wide association study.

Question 5

Which of the following traits is considered Mendelian?

A)A trait which is caused by linked genes
B)A trait which is caused by a single gene
C)A trait which is caused by environmental factors
D)A trait which is multifactorial

Question 6

Genetics is the study of

A)variation of inherited traits.
B)how organisms reproduce.
C)how life originated.
D)how the environment causes disease.

Question 7

A genotype refers to

A)particular allele combinations.
B)expression patterns of certain genes.
C)the environmental components of a trait.
D)the number of chromosomes that a person has.

Question 8

Humans have _____ pairs of chromosomes.

A)23
B)38
C)46
D)32

Question 9

The four basic tissue types are

A)blood cells,skin cells,neurons,and muscle cells.
B)adipose cells,muscle cells,bone cells,and sex cells.
C)connective tissue,epithelium,muscle,and nervous tissue.
D)the stomach,the small intestine,the liver,and the pancreas.

Question 10

The complete genetic material of an organism is its

A)genome.
B)chromosome.
C)phenotype.
D)genotype.

Question 11

Polydactyly is considered a Mendelian trait as

A)it is caused by linked genes.
B)it is caused by a single gene.
C)it is caused due to environmental factors.
D)it affects the stem cells.

Question 12

An estimated _____ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome.

A)32,000
B)320,000
C)3.2 million
D)3.2 billion

Question 13

A chart that displays paired chromosomes in order of size is a

A)phenotype.
B)genotype.
C)karyotype.
D)genome.

Question 14

In which choice are the entries listed from smallest to largest?

A)DNA building block - gene - chromosome - genome
B)DNA building block - RNA building block - protein
C)Gene - cell - DNA - genome
D)Chromosome - genome - cell - DNA building block

Question 15

A human cell has

A)22 pairs of sex chromosomes and one pair of autosomes.
B)22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
C)23 pairs of autosomes.
D)23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of Y chromosomes.

Question 16

A change in a gene's DNA sequence is a(n)

A)genotype.
B)nucleotide.
C)mutation.
D)genome.

Question 17

The number of copies of our genome in most of our cells is _____.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 18

Chromosome Y

A)forms the somatic cells.
B)is a sex chromosome.
C)contains discontinuous DNA sequence.
D)is present in all humans.

Question 19

During DNA replication,to produce protein,a process called transcription copies the sequence of part of one strand of a DNA molecule into a related molecule,known as _____.

A)genes.
B)mRNAs.
C)proteins.
D)genomes.

Question 20

_____ was founded in the 1970s to address moral issues and controversies that arise in applying medical technology.

A)Metaethics
B)Bioethics
C)Biotechnology
D)Genetics

Question 21

One way that single-gene diseases differ from other diseases is that

A)they affect consecutive generations.
B)they occur at the same frequency in every population.
C)they are not treatable.
D)it is possible to predict occurrence in specific relatives.

Question 22

DNA profiling is helpful in
2-14-2013

A)curing cancer.
B)analyzing food.
C)treating male infertility.
D)preventing male pattern baldness.

Question 23

Body weight must be a multifactorial trait because

A)it is obviously inherited.
B)it responds to lifestyle changes.
C)it is within a certain range.
D)it is inherited to an extent,but can be altered by diet and/or exercise.

Question 24

Cells differentiate by

A)expressing different subsets of genes.
B)expressing the entire genome,then silencing some genes.
C)activating all of the DNA that encodes protein.
D)becoming stem cells.

Question 25

The difference between phenotype and genotype is that

A)phenotype refers to the genetic instructions and genotype to their expression.
B)genotype refers to the genetic instructions and phenotype to their expression.
C)the phenotype is RNA and the genotype is DNA.
D)the phenotype is DNA and the genotype is RNA.

Question 26

Nacho suffers from terrible migraine headaches.He enters a clinical trial to test whether certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)are associated with response to one drug but not another.This is an approach called

A)gene therapy.
B)pharmacogenetics.
C)genetic determinism.
D)applied pharmacology.

Question 27

Kanisha and her friend both receive their grades for their physics midterms.Kanisha got an A,but her friend received a D."You must have the physics gene," remarks her frienD."I don't.I might as well not bother studying." The friend's attitude illustrates the idea of

A)genetic discrimination.
B)genetic determinism.
C)genetic engineering.
D)genetic modification.

Question 28

The distinction between mutations and gene expression is that

A)mutations affect only autosomes and gene expression affects only sex chromosomes.
B)mutations are dangerous and gene expression promotes health.
C)mutations are changes in the DNA sequence,whereas gene expression refers to the extent to which a gene is transcribed and translated,producing protein.
D)gene expression refers to changes in the DNA sequence,whereas mutation refers to the processes of DNA replication,RNA transcription,and protein synthesis.

Question 29

A test performed on secretions on a piece of fabric left at a crime scene that is used to implicate an apprehended suspect is

A)DNA replication.
B)RNA transcription.
C)DNA profiling.
D)DNA sharing.

Question 30

_____ refers to whether a gene is "turned on" or "turned off" from being transcribed and translated into protein.2-14-2013

A)Gene mutation
B)Gene expression
C)Gene sequence
D)Gene pool

Question 31

Shawn's mother and Heather's mother are sisters.Shawn and Heather have __ of their genes in common.

A)1/2
B)1/4
C)1/8
D)1/16

Question 32

Identifying individual drug reactions based on genetics is a growing field called

A)genetic mapping.
B)pharmacogenetics.
C)genetic determinism.
D)applied pharmacology.

Question 33

_____ is a field that is revealing and describing much of the invisible living world by sequencing all of the DNA in a particular habitat.

A)Stem cell science
B)Bioethics
C)Metagenomics
D)Biochemistry

Question 34

DNA profiling has been used to
2-14-2013

A)identify victims of terrorist attacks and natural disasters.
B)cure metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single genes.
C)treat male infertility.
D)predict how children will do in school.

Question 35

How do researchers in the metagenomics sector operate?

A)They study Mendelian traits in children.
B)They link diseases by shared gene expression.
C)They detect mutations in the protein encoding part of an individual's genome by using powerful algorithms.
D)They collect and sequence DNA,then consult databases of known genomes to imagine what the organisms to which the DNA belongs might be like.

Question 36

Constructing a "diseasome" is a way to connect diseases that share certain gene expression patterns.A goal of this approach is to

A)cure cancer.
B)identify new drug targets.
C)cure all diseases that involve the same set of genes.
D)discover how our ancestors were relateD.

Question 37

Why is possible to detect the mutation causing Huntington disease at any age?

A)It is possible to detect the mutation causing Huntington disease at any age because it is a single-gene disorder.
B)It is possible to detect the mutation causing Huntington disease at any age because it affects consecutive generations.
C)It is possible to detect the mutation causing Huntington disease at any age because it is caused by the mutation of linked genes.
D)It is possible to detect the mutation causing Huntington disease at any age because it is influenced by the immediate environment.

Question 38

Sequencing all the DNA in the fluid that leaks from the bottom of a garbage can is an example of

A)stem cell science.
B)gene expression profiling.
C)metagenomics.
D)DNA profiling.

Question 39

A gene pool consists of all the alleles in a(n)

A)population.
B)individual.
C)family.
D)neighborhooD.

Question 40

A trait or disorder that is multifactorial is

A)present in more than one family member.
B)found only in one part of the world.
C)caused by one or more genes and environmental influences.
D)caused by a single gene,with no environmental input.