Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait:

A)Each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
B)One parent contributed two different alleles for that trait
C)Each parent contributed the same allele for that trait
D)One parent contributed two copies of the same allele for that trait

Answer 1

C

Question 2

If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is:

A)Homozygous
B)Homologous
C)Heterozygous
D)Dominant
E)Recessive

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Mendel called a trait that is masked:

A)Homozygous
B)Heterozygous
C)Dominant
D)Recessive
E)None are correct

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Alternate forms of the same gene are called:

A)Chromatids
B)Centromeres
C)Chromosomes
D)Alleles
E)Traits

Question 5

Genotype means:

A)The number of gametes in an individual
B)The combination of alleles in an individual
C)The number of chromosomes in an individual
D)The observable expression of the genes in an individual
E)The genes an individual has

Question 6

Mendel called a masking trait:

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Homologous
D)Homozygous
E)Heterozygous

Question 7

A healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis,the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is:

A)0%, because cystic fibrosis is not an inherited illness
B)25%
C)10%
D)50%
E)100%

Question 8

Gametes may carry different combinations of alleles because of:

A)Random fertilization
B)Random fertilization and crossing over
C)Random alignment of chromosomes
D)Crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
E)Random fertilization and alignment of chromosomes

Question 9

Phenotype means:

A)The number of gametes in an individual
B)The number of chromosomes in an individual
C)The combination of alleles in an individual
D)The genes an individual has
E)The observable expression of the genes in an individual

Question 10

Recessive alleles seem to vanish in some generations and reappear in later generations because:

A)They cannot be expressed in males
B)They are masked by a dominant allele
C)They cannot be expressed in females
D)They cannot be expressed in successive generations
E)They are lost by mutation

Question 11

When Mendel crossed short (tt)pea plants with short pea plants the offspring:

A)Were all tall
B)Were a mix of tall and short
C)Were nonexistent
D)None of these are correct
E)Were all short

Question 12

In humans,alleles are inherited from:

A)Females only (moms)
B)Males only (dads)
C)Males and females (one allele from each parent)
D)Males and females (two alleles from each parent)
E)None are correct

Question 13

If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is:

A)Homologous
B)Heterozygous
C)Homozygous
D)Dominant
E)Recessive

Question 14

An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is:

A)Recessive
B)Dominant
C)Homologous
D)Homozygous
E)Heterozygous

Question 15

Of all the people who have studied inheritance,the person who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics is:

A)Charles Darwin
B)Robert Hooke
C)King George III
D)Frederick Griffith
E)Gregor Mendel

Question 16

A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is:

A)A gene
B)A chromosome
C)A chromatid
D)A centromere
E)A kinetochore

Question 17

All gametes contain:

A)Two identical sets of chromosomes
B)Two different sets of chromosomes
C)One set of chromosomes
D)One chromosome
E)Two chromosomes

Question 18

If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait:

A)Each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
B)Each parent contributed the same allele for that trait
C)One parent contributed two different alleles for that trait
D)One parent contributed two copies of the same allele for that trait

Question 19

When Mendel crossed tall (Tt)plants with tall plants the offspring:

A)Did not grow and reproduce
B)Were always short
C)Were always tall
D)Were always a mix of short and tall
E)Were sometimes tall, and sometimes a mix of tall and short

Question 20

The pea plant (Pisum sativum)is a good choice for studying heredity because it:

A)Develops slowly
B)Produces only a few offspring
C)Is easy to control which plants mate with each other
D)Has only a few traits that appear in two easily distinguishable forms
E)All are correct

Question 21

If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between those of the two different homozygotes,this is called:

A)Codominance
B)Independent assortment
C)Epistasis
D)Incomplete dominance
E)Polygenic

Question 22

The fact that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes; that they move apart from each other during gamete formation is Mendel's:

A)Law of segregation
B)Law of random fertilization
C)Law of population dynamics
D)Law of crossing over
E)Law of independent assortment

Question 23

A dihybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are each ______________ for ___________ gene (genes).

A)Homozygous, one
B)Homozygous, two
C)Homologous, two
D)Heterozygous, one
E)Heterozygous, two

Question 24

Traits that depend on more than one gene are:

A)Polygenic
B)Pleiotropic
C)Codominant
D)Recessive
E)Incomplete dominant traits

Question 25

Any monohybrid cross consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele for the trait being studied should result in a ratio of ______________ dominant to __________________ recessive.

A)Three, one
B)One, one
C)One, two
D)Two, one
E)One, three

Question 26

The movement of DNA from one chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome that will be passed onto future generations:

A)Is nondisjunction during meiosis
B)Is translocation during meiosis
C)Is translocation during mitosis
D)Is nondisjunction during mitosis

Question 27

A testcross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that:

A)Is heterozygous
B)Is homozygous dominant
C)Is homozygous recessive
D)Has any known genotype
E)Wild type

Question 28

The most common phenotype or allele for a gene in a population is referred to as:

A)The wild type
B)The dominant population
C)The recessive population
D)The P generation
E)The F1 generation

Question 29

If a scientist wanted to carry out a monohybrid cross for stem length in pea plants,which of the following crosses should be performed?

A)Tt with TT
B)Tt with tt
C)TT with TT
D)Tt with tt
E)Tt with Tt

Question 30

In the ABO blood type system the alleles I^A,I^B and i produce:

A)Three phenotypes
B)Two phenotypes
C)One phenotype
D)Four phenotypes
E)Type A and type B blood types only

Question 31

In the study of genetics the offspring of the parental generation is referred to as the:

A)Wild type generation
B)The F1 generation
C)The P generation
D)The F2 generation
E)The phenotype

Question 32

In a testcross,if all the offspring show the dominant phenotype,then the individual with the unknown genotype was:

A)Heterozygous
B)Homozygous dominant
C)Homozygous recessive
D)A clone of the other testcross individual
E)Heterozygous recessive

Question 33

A pea plant with (Tt)as its genotype should be referred to as:

A)The wild type
B)Homozygous short
C)Heterozygous tall
D)Homozygous tall
E)Heterozygous short

Question 34

A gene that produces a protein that is important in more than one biochemical pathway is a ___ gene.

A)Dominant
B)Recessive
C)Pleiotropic
D)Codominant
E)Incomplete dominant

Question 35

The "P" in P generation:

A)Refers to pure breeding
B)Refers to parental
C)Refers to potential offspring
D)Refers to the recessive allele
E)All are correct

Question 36

The fact that during gamete formation,the segregation of alleles for a gene on one chromosome does not influence the segregation of alleles for a gene on another chromosome is Mendel's:

A)Law of independent assortment
B)Law of random fertilization
C)Law of population dynamics
D)Law of crossing over
E)Law of segregation

Question 37

Mendel's monohybrid cross of "Tt" parents resulted in a tall to short ratio of:

A)1:1
B)1:2
C)2:1
D)3:1
E)1:3

Question 38

A monohybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are both:

A)Homozygous for one gene
B)Heterozygous for two genes
C)Homozygous for two genes
D)Heterozygous for one gene
E)None of these are correct

Question 39

A size ordered chart of the chromosomes of a fetus is:

A)Used to detect errors in meiosis
B)A karyotype
C)Used to detect chromosomal abnormalities in a developing fetus
D)All are correct
E)Used to detect Down syndrome

Question 40

In the ABO blood type system the I^A allele is _____ with the I^B allele.

A)Dominant
B)Co-dominant
C)Recessive
D)Homologous
E)Heterologous

Question 41

To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder requires a person to receive the disease causing allele from:

A)The father only
B)The mother only
C)Only the parent having the disease
D)Only one parent who is homozygous recessive for the disease
E)Both parents

Question 42

To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the disease causing allele from:

A)The father only, not the mother
B)The mother only, not the father
C)The mother or the father
D)The parent who does not exhibit the disease
E)All are correct

Question 43

Diagrams of gene order and spacing on chromosomes are:

A)Karyotypes
B)Phenotypes
C)Linkage maps
D)Genotypes
E)Metabolic maps

Question 44

If a person has a recessive allele for a disease and that allele is masked by a normal dominant allele,this person:

A)Homozygous for the disease
B)Cannot produce gametes
C)Is termed a "carrier"
D)Is termed a linkage group
E)Has the disease but cannot pass this disease to their offspring

Question 45

In pedigree charts,autosomal recessive disorders typically:

A)Appear in every generation
B)Appear only in males
C)Appear only in females
D)Seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation
E)Occur every third generation

Question 46

A male expresses:

A)Only the dominant alleles on his X chromosome
B)Both the dominant and recessive alleles on his X chromosome
C)Only the homozygous recessive alleles on his X chromosome
D)None of the alleles on his X chromosome
E)None of these are correct

Question 47

Autosomes are numbered according to:

A)Size
B)Location within the nucleus
C)Centromere position
D)Banding pattern
E)The random location within the karyotype

Question 48

In a karyotype,the major characteristics that uniquely identify each chromosome are:

A)Sequence of nitrogen bases, types of proteins, and banding pattern
B)Types of proteins, number of telomeres, and size
C)Size, number of telomeres, and banding pattern
D)Centromere position, banding pattern, and size
E)Position in the nucleus, types of proteins, and size

Question 49

If any of the traits that Mendel worked with had been due to linked genes,his dihybrid crosses:

A)Would have had different results
B)Would have produced more offspring
C)Would have produced less offspring
D)Would have exhibited a typical phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1
E)Would have produced sterile offspring

Question 50

The chromosome that plays the largest role in human sex determination is:

A)The X chromosome
B)Chromosome number 21
C)The group of autosomes known as the SRY group
D)Chromosome number 22
E)The Y chromosome

Question 51

If while examining a human karyotype,it is observed that there are 22 paired chromosomes and two chromosomes that are not the same size,this would most likely be due to:

A)The karyotype belonging to a female
B)Nondisjunction
C)The karyotype belonging to a male or nondisjunction
D)The karyotype belonging to a male
E)The karyotype belonging to a female or nondisjunction

Question 52

Diagrams depicting family relationships and phenotypes for a genetic disorder are:

A)Linkage maps
B)Pedigree charts
C)Karyotypes
D)Punnett squares
E)Bell-shaped curves

Question 53

A karyotype is produced by inducing cells to divide in culture and then treating the cells with a drug that halts mitosis in:

A)Metaphase
B)Interphase
C)Prophase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 54

A dihybrid cross of linked genes theoretically gives a phenotypic ratio of:

A)9:3:3:1
B)2:1
C)3:1
D)1:1
E)1:1:1:1

Question 55

Recombinant chromosomes have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to:

A)Random fertilization
B)Linkage
C)Independent assortment
D)Crossing over
E)Mutation

Question 56

Autosomes:

A)Are chromosomes that are the same for both sexes
B)Include the Y chromosome in humans
C)Include the X chromosome in humans
D)Are the sex chromosomes
E)All are correct

Question 57

In pedigree charts,autosomal dominant disorders typically:

A)Appear only in males
B)Appear only in females
C)Appear in every generation
D)Seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation
E)Occur every third generation

Question 58

If a genetic counselor was examining a pedigree chart and noticed an occurrence of a disease in every generation,he most likely could assume that the disease was caused by:

A)A new reoccurring mutation
B)An autosomal recessive disorder
C)A chromosomal abnormality
D)An autosomal dominant disorder
E)Having an extra set of chromosomes

Question 59

Crossing over is more likely to separate genes on a chromosome if they are:

A)Close together
B)Far apart
C)Recessive genes
D)Dominant genes
E)Mutated genes

Question 60

Linked genes,by definition,are genes that:

A)Are found on the same chromosome
B)Have no alleles
C)Are found in the same species
D)Have more alleles than usual
E)Are alleles that are found in different daughter cells

Question 61

If you cross RrYy and RRyy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will have round yellow peas? R=round,r=wrinkled,Y=yellow,y=green.

A)100%
B)75%
C)25%
D)0%
E)50%

Question 62

A single chromosome has:

A)Multiple genes each with a single allele
B)Multiple genes each with multiple alleles
C)A single gene with a single allele
D)A single gene with multiple alleles

Question 63

If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will be heterozygous?

A)25%
B)75%
C)50%
D)0%
E)100%

Question 64

If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will be yellow?

A)50%
B)75%
C)25%
D)0%
E)100%

Question 65

If you cross RrYy and RRyy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will have round peas? R=round,r=wrinkled,Y=yellow,y=green.

A)50%
B)75%
C)100%
D)25%
E)0%

Question 66

Hemophilia A is caused by:

A)An X-linked recessive disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein
B)An X-linked recessive disorder
C)A defective blood clotting protein
D)An X-linked dominant disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein
E)An X-linked dominant disorder

Question 67

If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy),which gametes could it produce?

A)Y
B)y
C)Yy
D)YYyy
E)Y or y

Question 68

Yellow peas are an example of:

A)A phenotype
B)A genotype
C)An allele
D)A gene
E)A loci

Question 69

If you cross two pea plants,one with green peas and the other with yellow peas.All of the offspring have yellow peas.The yellow and green parental plants:

A)Both have the same alleles for pea color
B)Both have the same gene for pea color
C)Have different genes for pea color
D)Have different loci for pea color
E)Have different numbers of chromosomes

Question 70

If you cross RrYy and RRyy pea plants,what fraction of the offspring will have yellow peas? R=round,r=wrinkled,Y=yellow,y=green.

A)50%
B)75%
C)25%
D)0%
E)100%

Question 71

Homologous chromosomes have:

A)The same genes but can have different alleles
B)The same genes and alleles
C)Different genes and alleles
D)Different genes, but can have the same alleles

Question 72

Females who are "carriers" for hemophilia:

A)Theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their offspring
B)Theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their daughters who become at least "carriers" for this disorder
C)All are correct
D)Theoretically pass the allele for hemophilia to half of their sons who become hemophiliacs
E)Usually do not show any symptoms of hemophilia

Question 73

If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy),which gametes could it produce?

A)Y
B)Y or y
C)y
D)Yy
E)YYyy

Question 74

If you cross two pea plants,one with green peas and the other with yellow peas.All of the offspring have yellow peas.You conclude:

A)Green is dominant over yellow
B)Yellow and green are co-dominant
C)Yellow is incompletely dominant over green
D)Yellow is dominant over green
E)Color is random in pea plants

Question 75

If a diploid cell has 14 chromosomes,it will have:

A)14 pairs of homologous chromosomes
B)7 pairs of homologous chromatids
C)14 pairs of homologous chromatids
D)7 pairs of homologous chromosomes
E)14 alleles

Question 76

If a pea plant is homozygous for yellow seeds (YY),which gametes could it produce?

A)Y
B)Y or y
C)y
D)Yy
E)YYyy

Question 77

A Barr body is:

A)An inactive Y chromosome
B)An inactive autosome
C)An active X chromosome
D)An active Y chromosome
E)An inactive X chromosome

Question 78

If you cross two pea plants,one with green peas and the other with yellow peas.All of the offspring have yellow peas.You conclude:

A)The yellow parent was homozygous for the recessive allele
B)The yellow parent was homozygous for the dominant gene
C)The yellow parent was homozygous for the dominant allele
D)The yellow parent was homozygous for the recessive gene
E)The yellow parent was heterozygous

Question 79

Which gametes can a RrYy plant produce?

A)Rr or Yy
B)RY or ry
C)RrYy
D)RY, Ry, rY, or ry
E)R or r

Question 80

Having the alleles Tt is:

A)A phenotype
B)Linkage
C)A genotype
D)A gene
E)A loci