Deck 8: Dna Replication, mitosis and the Cell Cycle

Question 1

The scientist (scientists)that used x-ray diffraction to help reveal the structure of DNA is (are):

A)Watson and Crick
B)Hershey and Chase
C)Avery and Macleod
D)Chargaff
E)Wilkins and Franklin

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The molecule that controls the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells is:

A)ATP synthase
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)NAD
E)FAD

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Strands of DNA are joined by:

A)Hydrogen bonds
B)Covalent bonds
C)Ionic bonds
D)Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Most bacteriophages consist of only a _______________ coat and a ____________________ core.

A)Lipid, protein
B)Polysaccharide, nucleic acid
C)Protein, lipid
D)Protein, nucleic acid
E)Polysaccharide, protein

Question 5

Hershey and Chase showed that the virus T4:

A)Injects protein into a bacterium
B)Injects polysaccharide into a bacterium
C)Injects DNA into a bacterium
D)Injects protein and DNA into a bacterium
E)Injects RNA into a bacterium

Question 6

The building block of nucleic acids is a(an):

A)Nucleotide
B)Amino acid
C)Glucose molecule
D)Glycerol molecule
E)None of the above are correct

Question 7

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with:

A)Ionic bonds
B)Hydrogen bonds
C)Weak chemical bonds
D)Covalent bonds

Question 8

Pyrimidine bases have a __________ __________ structure:

A)Single, ring
B)Single, triangle
C)Double, ring
D)Double, triangle
E)Triple, ring

Question 9

The scientist (scientists)that showed that DNA contained equal amounts of certain nitrogen bases is (are):

A)Chargaff
B)Griffith
C)Hershey and Chase
D)Avery and Macleod
E)Wilkins and Franklin

Question 10

The scientist (scientists)that first showed that protein was not the genetic information transferred by bacteria by using enzymes to digest protein is (are):

A)Griffith
B)Hershey and Chase
C)Watson and Crick
D)Avery and Macleod
E)Wilkins and Franklin

Question 11

DNA contains equal amounts of cytosine and:

A)Thymine
B)Uracil
C)Guanine
D)Adenine
E)Valine

Question 12

The DNA nitrogen bases that are purines are:

A)Adenine and thymine
B)Adenine and uracil
C)Guanine and thymine
D)Guanine and cytosine
E)Adenine and guanine

Question 13

The scientist (scientists)that was (were)given credit for first determining the structure of DNA by building a ball and stick model is (are):

A)Hershey and Chase
B)Watson and Crick
C)Avery and Macleod
D)Chargaff
E)Griffith

Question 14

The DNA nitrogen bases that are pyrimidines are:

A)Cytosine and guanine
B)Uracil and cytosine
C)Thymine and cytosine
D)Thymine and adenine
E)Uracil and thymine

Question 15

The scientist (scientists)that confirmed DNA was the genetic information by working with bacteria that infect viruses is (are):

A)Griffith
B)Hershey and Chase
C)Avery and Macleod
D)Watson and Crick
E)Chargaff

Question 16

The reason that the type "S" bacteria could infect mice and cause pneumonia was because:

A)They had flagella as a means of movement
B)They reproduced much faster than type "R" bacteria
C)They produced a polysaccharide capsule (coat)
D)All are correct

Question 17

DNA contains equal amounts of adenine and:

A)Uracil
B)Guanine
C)Thymine
D)Cytosine
E)Threonine

Question 18

The scientist (scientists)that discovered that bacteria can transfer genetic information is (are):

A)Hershey and Chase
B)Chargaff
C)Griffith
D)Watson and Crick
E)Wilkins and Franklin

Question 19

The bacteria that Griffith experimented with were termed "R" and "S" bacteria because:

A)Of the way they grew on artificial media
B)The "R" bacteria formed rough appearing colonies
C)The "S" bacteria formed smooth appearing colonies
D)All are correct

Question 20

The four nitrogen bases that are found in the different nucleotides of DNA are:

A)Adenine, thymine, cytosine, uracil
B)Uracil, adenine, cytosine, guanine
C)Uracil, cytosine, guanine, thymine
D)Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
E)None are correct

Question 21

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is:

A)Primase
B)ATP synthase
C)Ligase
D)Helicase
E)DNA polymerase

Question 22

The scientist who developed DNA sequencing is:

A)Watson
B)Chargaff
C)Sanger
D)Avery
E)Hershey

Question 23

The enzyme that joins Okazaki fragments is:

A)Primase
B)DNA polymerase
C)Ligase
D)ATP synthase
E)Helicase

Question 24

People with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)are at greater risk of skin cancer because:

A)They lack proteins that would repair the damage from exposure to ultraviolet radiation
B)They have fewer layers of skin than normal
C)They do not produce pigments
D)Their skin cells do not reproduce
E)All are correct

Question 25

Mutations may be caused by:

A)Errors in replication
B)Exposure to radiation
C)Exposure to chemicals
D)Breakage of chromosomes
E)All are correct

Question 26

Purine bases have a _________ ___________ structure:

A)Single, ring
B)Single, triangle
C)Double, triangle
D)Double, ring
E)Triple, ring

Question 27

Apoptosis is also called:

A)Replication
B)Mitosis
C)Programmed cell death
D)The cell cycle
E)Programmed cellular reproduction

Question 28

A sequence of DNA nucleotides coding for a specific protein or RNA molecule is a:

A)Genome
B)Chromosome
C)Gene
D)All of the above are correct
E)None of the above are correct

Question 29

Which of the following is found in a molecule of DNA?

A)Deoxyribose
B)Ribose
C)Uracil
D)Amino acid
E)A sulfur containing group

Question 30

The genome of an organism is all of its:

A)Proteins
B)RNA
C)Characteristics
D)Genetic material
E)All are correct

Question 31

The 3' and 5' designations refer to the numbers that chemists assign to the:

A)Hydrogen atoms of deoxyribose
B)Oxygen atoms of deoxyribose
C)Carbon atoms in the nitrogen bases
D)Nitrogen atoms in the nitrogen bases
E)Carbon atoms of deoxyribose

Question 32

The polymerase chain reaction:

A)Doubles a region of DNA each cycle
B)Is used to transfer DNA into a cell
C)Makes a single copy of a region of DNA
D)Is used to determine the sequence of a region of DNA
E)All are correct

Question 33

The enzyme that builds a short complementary piece of RNA at the start of each DNA segment to be replicated is:

A)DNA polymerase
B)Primase
C)ATP synthase
D)Ligase
E)Helicase

Question 34

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is:

A)Helicase
B)Primase
C)DNA polymerase
D)ATP synthase
E)Ligase

Question 35

A discreet package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a:

A)Chromosome
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosome
D)Golgi body
E)Centriole

Question 36

In eukaryotic cells DNA is found in the:

A)Nucleus
B)Chloroplasts
C)Mitochondria
D)All are correct

Question 37

DNA replication is:

A)Conservative
B)A one-step process
C)Semi-conservative
D)Not carried out by enzymes
E)Not carried out in prokaryotic cells

Question 38

A human heart cell contains ___ chromosomes.

A)2
B)23
C)46
D)4
E)16

Question 39

The process by which DNA reproduces itself is:

A)Protein synthesis
B)Aerobic respiration
C)Replication
D)Substrate-phosphorylation
E)Photosynthesis

Question 40

Before a cell divides,it must first duplicate its entire:

A)Cytoplasmic contents
B)Cell membrane structure
C)Array of enzymes
D)Genome
E)All are correct

Question 41

Eukaryotic chromosomes become microscopically visible before cell division because:

A)They become less tightly wound
B)They become more tightly wound
C)They increase in length
D)They become more tightly wound and increase in length
E)They become less tightly wound and increase in length

Question 42

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes would be termed a _______________ cell.

A)Haploid
B)Sister
C)Somatic
D)Diploid
E)Germ

Question 43

If a sperm cell combines with an egg cell the result is a:

A)Diploid cell
B)Gamete
C)Haploid cell
D)Duplicated chromosome
E)Gametophyte

Question 44

"Sister chromatids" are:

A)Genetically identical and attached to each other at centromere
B)Genetically different and attached to each other at centromere
C)Genetically different
D)Genetically identical
E)Attached to each other at centromere

Question 45

Meiosis is a process used for:

A)Repair of damaged cells
B)Growth of an organism
C)Asexual reproduction
D)Production of stem cells
E)Production of gametes

Question 46

One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term:

A)Centromere
B)Chromatin
C)Chromosome
D)Nucleosome
E)Chromatid

Question 47

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is:

A)Fertilization
B)Recombination
C)Replication
D)Mitosis
E)Germination

Question 48

Mitosis is used for all of the following except:

A)Repair of damaged cells
B)Growth of an organism
C)Asexual reproduction
D)Formation of gametes
E)Production of genetically identical daughter cells

Question 49

A discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein defines the term:

A)Nucleosome
B)Chromosome
C)Centromere
D)Histone
E)Genome

Question 50

In humans,cells that do not produce gametes are collectively called:

A)Sperm cells
B)Egg cells
C)Somatic cells
D)Germ cells
E)All are correct

Question 51

Meiosis is a process used for:

A)Asexual reproduction
B)Growth of an organism
C)Production of gametes
D)Repair of damaged cells
E)All are correct

Question 52

DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus defines the term:

A)Centromere
B)Nucleosome
C)Histone
D)Chromatin
E)Chromosome

Question 53

A nucleosome consists of:

A)A stretch of DNA and histones
B)A stretch of DNA
C)An RNA molecule
D)A ribosome and RNA
E)Histones

Question 54

An example of a haploid cell is:

A)A skin cell
B)A sperm cell
C)A zygote
D)A stem cell
E)All are correct

Question 55

A micron is:

A)One tenth (.1) of a meter
B)One thousandth (.001) of a meter
C)One millionth (.000001) of a meter
D)One hundredth (.01) of a meter
E)One thousand meters

Question 56

In humans,specialized cells that produce gametes are:

A)Germ cells
B)Somatic cells
C)Sperm cells
D)Egg cells
E)All are correct

Question 57

A cell with one set of chromosomes would be termed a ________________ cell.

A)Diploid
B)Sister
C)Somatic
D)None of the above are correct
E)Haploid

Question 58

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term:

A)Chromatin
B)Nucleosome
C)Centromere
D)Histone
E)None of the above are correct

Question 59

The pair of unmatched chromosomes in humans:

A)Are the sex chromosomes
B)Are the "X" and "Y" chromosomes
C)Determine sex (gender) of humans
D)Contain different genes
E)All are correct

Question 60

Immature cells that retain the potential to develop into multiple cell types are:

A)Germ cells
B)Somatic cells
C)Stem cells
D)Nerve cells
E)All are correct

Question 61

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is:

A)Metaphase
B)Prophase
C)Prometaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 62

The structure that organizes the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle is the:

A)Centromere
B)Kinetochore
C)Centrosome
D)Cytoskeleton
E)Microfilaments

Question 63

The replication of DNA during the cell cycle occurs during:

A)Mitosis
B)Cytokinesis
C)Prophase
D)Telophase
E)Interphase

Question 64

If scientists could increase telomerase production in specific cells,the primary reason for this would most likely be the stopping of:

A)Aging of cells
B)Aerobic respiration
C)Meiosis
D)Cancer cell formation
E)All are correct

Question 65

The division of the nucleus during the cell cycle is:

A)Mitosis
B)Interphase
C)Synthesis
D)Cytokinesis
E)Replication

Question 66

The portion of the cytoskeleton that enables the chromosomes to be separated equally into two sets is the:

A)Golgi body
B)Centromere
C)Centrosome
D)Mitotic spindle
E)Kinetochore

Question 67

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is:

A)Prometaphase
B)Metaphase
C)Prophase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 68

If scientists could inactivate telomerase in specific cells,the primary reason for this would most likely be the stopping of:

A)Aerobic respiration
B)Meiosis
C)Aging of cells
D)The formation of cancer
E)All are correct

Question 69

The two main stages of the cell cycle are:

A)Interphase and cytokinesis
B)Interphase and mitosis
C)Mitosis and cytokinesis
D)Interphase and prophase
E)Mitosis and meiosis

Question 70

The proteins that attach chromosomes to the mitotic spindle are:

A)Kinetochores
B)Chromatids
C)Nucleosomes
D)Centromeres
E)Histones

Question 71

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks into small pieces is:

A)Prophase
B)Metaphase
C)Anaphase
D)Prometaphase
E)Telophase

Question 72

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is:

A)Prometaphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
B)Interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
C)Interphase - metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase
D)Prophase - metaphase - prometaphase - anaphase - telophase
E)Prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase

Question 73

The correct sequence for the phases of the cell cycle is:

A)Interphase - prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
B)Prophase - prometaphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
C)Prophase - prometaphase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase
D)Interphase - prometaphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase
E)Metaphase - anaphase - interphase - prophase - telophase

Question 74

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is:

A)Prophase
B)Anaphase
C)Prometaphase
D)Metaphase
E)Telophase

Question 75

The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a:

A)Cell plate
B)Cleavage furrow
C)Cell wall
D)Nucleolus
E)Nuclear envelope

Question 76

The first sign of cytokinesis in a plant cell is the formation of a:

A)Nuclear envelope
B)Nucleolus
C)Cleavage furrow
D)Cell plate
E)Spindle fiber

Question 77

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope reforms is:

A)Prophase
B)Prometaphase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 78

In a sexual life cycle,a zygote grows to an adult by:

A)Meiosis
B)Fertilization
C)Meiosis and Fertilization
D)Mitosis
E)All are correct

Question 79

The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the cell cycle is:

A)Mitosis
B)Interphase
C)Cytokinesis
D)Metaphase
E)Anaphase

Question 80

In an asexual life cycle,cells reproduce by:

A)Meiosis
B)Fertilization
C)Meiosis and Fertilization
D)Mitosis
E)All are correct