Deck 7: Dna Structure and Gene Function

Question 1

The type of RNA that helps align the ribosome and mRNA is:

A)Messenger RNA
B)Ribosomal RNA
C)Transfer RNA
D)Double-stranded RNA
E)Complementary RNA

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The step of translation in which release factors bind to a stop codon is:

A)Mitosis
B)Termination
C)Initiation
D)Elongation
E)Transcription

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The type of RNA that carries the information that specifies a protein is:

A)Transfer RNA
B)Ribosomal RNA
C)Messenger RNA
D)Double-stranded RNA
E)Complementary RNA

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The twisted ladder of DNA is composed of building blocks called:

A)Amino acids
B)Monosaccharides
C)Phospholipids
D)Disaccharides
E)Nucleotides

Question 5

The step of translation in which an mRNA,a small ribosomal subunit,and the initiator tRNA are aligned together is:

A)Initiation
B)Mitosis
C)Elongation
D)Termination
E)Transcription

Question 6

A DNA sequence that signals a gene's start is:

A)A codon
B)An anticodon
C)A terminator
D)A promoter
E)An amino acid attachment site

Question 7

Transcription and replication occur during ____________________ of the cell cycle.

A)Interphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Anaphase
E)Telophase

Question 8

The strand of DNA that encodes the RNA molecule during transcription is the:

A)Lagging strand
B)Leading strand
C)Codon strand
D)Template strand
E)Parent strand

Question 9

The type of RNA that carries each amino acid to the ribosome is:

A)Complementary RNA
B)Messenger RNA
C)Ribosomal RNA
D)Double-stranded RNA
E)Transfer RNA

Question 10

The step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide is:

A)Mitosis
B)Initiation
C)Elongation
D)Termination
E)Transcription

Question 11

The rungs of the DNA ladder:

A)Are formed by base pairs joined by covalent bonds
B)Are formed by base pairs joined by hydrogen bonds
C)Are formed by base pairs joined by phosphodiester bonds
D)Are formed by base pairs joined by hydrogen bonds

Question 12

The process used by cells to convert the mRNA "message" into a sequence of amino acids is:

A)Transcription
B)Replication
C)Mitosis
D)Amino acid synthesis
E)Translation

Question 13

DNA differs from RNA in that:

A)DNA contains uracil
B)DNA contains thymine
C)DNA can catalyze chemical reactions
D)DNA is usually single stranded
E)DNA contains ribose

Question 14

RNA differs from DNA in that:

A)RNA contains ribose
B)RNA contains uracil
C)All are correct
D)RNA is usually single stranded
E)RNA can catalyze chemical reactions

Question 15

In eukaryotic cells sequences of mRNA that are removed from an mRNA molecule before being translated are:

A)Introns
B)Anticodons
C)Exons
D)Proteomes
E)Terminators

Question 16

Initiation,elongation,and termination are the three main steps in:

A)Replication and translation
B)Transcription and translation
C)Translation
D)Replication
E)Translation

Question 17

In a molecule of DNA:

A)Cytosine pairs with adenine
B)Thymine pairs with uracil
C)Adenine pairs with uracil
D)Adenine pairs with thymine
E)Cytosine pairs with thymine

Question 18

A three base sequence (loop)in tRNA that is complementary to a sequence of three bases in mRNA is:

A)A codon
B)An anticodon
C)A promoter
D)A terminator
E)An amino acid attachment site

Question 19

The "Central Dogma" refers:

A)Genetic information passing from DNA to RNA by translation
B)Genetic information passing from RNA to protein by transcription
C)To inheritance of traits between generations
D)To production of energy in a cell
E)To the flow of genetic information in cells

Question 20

A tRNA molecule is "bilingual" because it binds to:

A)Amino acids and DNA
B)DNA and mRNA codons
C)Promoters and amino acids
D)Codons of mRNA and amino acids
E)Promoters and terminators

Question 21

The DNA sequence 5' - ATGCATGC - 3' will pair with which of the following DNA strands?

A)3' - TAGCTAGC - 5'
B)5' - TAGCTAGC - 3'
C)3' - ATGCATGC - 5'
D)5' - ATGCATGC - 3'
E)3' - CGTACGTA - 5'

Question 22

Proteins that initiate transcription in eukaryotes by recognizing sequences within the promoter region of a gene and attracting RNA polymerase are:

A)Repressors
B)Inducers
C)Transcription factors
D)TATA boxes
E)Poly A Tails

Question 23

A germline mutation occurs in cells that give rise to:

A)Gametes
B)Diploid cells
C)Skin cells
D)Nonsex cells
E)Liver cells

Question 24

Why would it take more energy to separate the double-stranded region of DNA with the sequence GCGCGCGC than a region with the sequence ATATATAT?

A)GC base pairs form more phosphodiester bonds
B)The helix is wound more tightly in GC base pairs
C)GC base pairs form more hydrogen bonds
D)The sequence containing G's and C's is longer
E)GC base pairs form covalent bonds between DNA strands

Question 25

Which of the following does not occur during translation's termination step?

A)The initiator tRNA brings the amino acid methionine
B)Ribosomal subunits separate from each other
C)The polypeptide is released
D)A "stop" codon is reached by the ribosome
E)Release factors bind to the stop codon

Question 26

In a "missense" mutation:

A)The codon that mutates does not cause a change in the amino acid specified
B)The codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified
C)The codon that mutates causes a stop codon to occur instead of the placement of an amino acid
D)The mutation does not occur in a codon
E)The mutation is not in DNA

Question 27

In a "nonsense" mutation:

A)The codon that mutates does not cause a change in the amino acid specified
B)The codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified
C)The codon that mutates causes a stop codon to occur instead of the placement of an amino acid
D)The mutation does not occur in a codon
E)The mutation is not in DNA

Question 28

Which of the following is not a common cause of mutation?

A)Errors in replication
B)Events of meiosis
C)Exposure to radiation
D)Exposure to chemical substances
E)Obesity

Question 29

If bacteria are infected with bacteriophage containing radioactive ____ the bacteria will now be radioactive.

A)Sulfur
B)Iron
C)Phosphate or sulfur
D)Iron or sulfur
E)Phosphate

Question 30

In a "frameshift" mutation:

A)The codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified
B)The codon that mutates causes a stop codon to occur instead of the placement of an amino acid
C)The mutation does not occur in a codon
D)May be caused by an addition or deletion of one or more nucleotides
E)The mutation is not in DNA

Question 31

A group of prokaryotic genes and other segments of DNA that are controlled together is:

A)A proteome
B)A chromosome
C)A ribosome
D)A replication fork
E)An operon

Question 32

A change in a cell's DNA sequence is:

A)Replication
B)Transcription
C)A mutation
D)Translation
E)An operon

Question 33

In the Lac operon,the protein that binds to the operator to prevent transcription is:

A)The repressor
B)RNA polymerase
C)DNA polymerase
D)The promoter
E)Lactose

Question 34

If the DNA in a cell consists of 20% A,it will be ___ T.

A)30%
B)80%
C)40%
D)20%
E)10%

Question 35

In the Lac operon,the attachment site for RNA polymerase is:

A)The operator
B)The promoter
C)The repressor
D)The first lactose degrading gene of the operon
E)The last lactose degrading gene of the operon

Question 36

Transposable elements:

A)Are segments of RNA found in chromosomes
B)Are another name for translocations
C)Are DNA sequences that can "jump" within the genome
D)Result from damage to the chromosomes by things like radiation
E)Are formed during transcription

Question 37

The DNA sequence 5' - ATGCATGC - 3' will pair with which of the following RNA strands?

A)5' - UAGCUAGC - 3'
B)3' - UAGCUAGC - 5'
C)3' - AUGCAUGC - 5'
D)3' - TAGCTAGC - 5'
E)5' - TAGCTAGC - 3'

Question 38

In a "silent" mutation:

A)The codon that mutates causes a change in the amino acid specified
B)The codon that mutates does not cause a change in the amino acid specified
C)The codon that mutates causes a stop codon to occur instead of the placement of an amino acid
D)The mutation does not occur in a codon
E)The mutation is not in DNA

Question 39

An organism that receives recombinant DNA:

A)Has a genetic disease
B)Is a transgenic organism
C)Will develop cancer
D)Is sterile
E)Is a new species

Question 40

Treating a solution from S strain Streptococcus pneumoniae with an enzyme that destroys ____ would prevent it from transforming type R bacteria into a form that would cause pneumonia in mice.

A)DNA
B)Protein
C)Lipid
D)DNA or protein
E)Protein or lipid

Question 41

Based on this study,FOXP2 must be expressed in which tissues?

A)Muscle
B)Muscle and brain
C)Brain
D)Nerves in the ear
E)Muscle and nerves in the ear

Question 42

FOXP2 functions by:

A)Regulating cell division
B)Regulating mRNA splicing
C)Regulating the transcription of other genes
D)Acting as a neurotransmitter between neurons in the ear and brain
E)Acting as a neurotransmitter between neurons and muscles in the jaw

Question 43

An antisense RNA is complementary to a mRNA and could:

A)Prevent transcription of the mRNA
B)Increase translation of the mRNA
C)Increase transcription of the mRNA
D)Prevent translation of the mRNA
E)Mutate the mRNA sequence

Question 44

Which mutation in DNA would lead to the change of a single amino acid in a protein?

A)A nonsense mutation
B)A one base deletion
C)A one base insertion
D)A missense mutation
E)A frameshift

Question 45

How did the researchers estimate that the original mutation happened 3-400,000 years ago?

A)By examining the fossil record
B)Using a molecular clock
C)They found the mutation in chimpanzee DNA
D)They found the mutation in Neandertal DNA
E)They found the mutation in 300,000 year old human remains

Question 46

What type of mutation has occurred in the following? Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGUACCC - 3'

A)Substitution
B)Insertion of one base
C)Deletion of one base
D)Insertion of two bases
E)Deletion of two bases

Question 47

How can a single gene encode for more than one protein?

A)By mutating their genes
B)By removing some exons during splicing of mRNA
C)By transcribing multiple copies of mRNA
D)By using different codons
E)By using transgenes

Question 48

Amanatin is a toxin found in the death cap mushroom,Amanita phalloides.It inhibits RNA polymerase,thus blocking:

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)Cell division
E)RNA splicing

Question 49

A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA,yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because:

A)RNA polymerase binds to the promoter, initiating transcription on one strand of DNA
B)The start of transcription is random along the chromosome and doesn't always occur on a gene
C)RNA polymerase binds to the terminator, stopping transcription on one strand of DNA
D)Both strands are transcribed, but only one strand of DNA contains a reading frame
E)All genes are found on the same strand of DNA in a chromosome

Question 50

How does this study support the study of a family with a language disorder support the role of genes in communication?

A)The identification of a single mutation in a single gene responsible for the disorder
B)The disorder is common in the family
C)The family members were all lacking vocal chords
D)The identification of multiple mutations in multiple genes responsible for the disorder
E)The identification of the same mutation in all patients with speech disorders

Question 51

Using the genetic code shown here,predict what type of mutation has occurred in the hemoglobin sickle cell anemia allele. Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGUACCC - 3'

A)A point mutation, Val to Glu
B)A frame shift
C)Addition of a new stop codon
D)A point mutation, Glu to Val

Question 52

What would be the first codon translated in the mRNA sequence 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'?

A)GGA
B)CCC
C)AUG
D)GAA
E)AAU

Question 53

In creating a transgenic organism,the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)protein
D)DNA or protein
E)RNA or protein

Question 54

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because during transcription:

A)Multiple codons can encode for the same amino acid
B)Multiple ribosomes can bind to the same mRNA simultaneously
C)The DNA can replicate making more copies of the gene
D)Once formed, proteins can feed back and help make more proteins
E)Multiple copies of the same mRNA can be produced from one gene

Question 55

A diploid cell only has two copies of most genes,but can make hundreds of copies of a protein from those genes per second because during translation:

A)Multiple codons can encode for the same amino acid
B)Multiple copies of the same mRNA can be produced from one gene
C)The DNA can replicate making more copies of the gene
D)Once formed, proteins can feed back and help make more proteins
E)Multiple ribosomes can bind to the same mRNA simultaneously

Question 56

The observation that all races of humans have the same FOXP2 allele is evidence that ____ favored this allele.

A)Recombination
B)Artificial selection
C)Random chance
D)Independent assortment
E)Natural selection

Question 57

What type of mutation has occurred in the following? Normal allele 5' - GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC - 3'
Mutant allele 5' - GGAAUGAAAUCAGGAACCC - 3'

A)Insertion of one base
B)Substitution
C)Deletion of one base
D)Insertion of two bases
E)Deletion of two bases

Question 58

In humans,typically only infants produce the enzyme lactase to break down lactose.Some adults have changes in _____ that allow transcription factors to bind and turn on expression of the lactase gene into adulthood.

A)Exons
B)RNA polymerase
C)Enhancers
D)mRNA
E)Codons

Question 59

FOXP2 sequences were the most different between mice and _____.

A)Rhesus monkeys
B)Gorillas
C)Chimpanzees
D)Humans
E)All had the same number of changes from the mouse sequence

Question 60

If you compared the DNA sequence of a gene with the sequence of the mature mRNA that was transcribed from the gene you would find:

A)The mRNA is shorter because it does not contain exons
B)Both are the same length
C)The mRNA is shorter because it does not contain introns
D)The mRNA is shorter because each codon of three bases encodes only one amino acid
E)The mRNA is longer because each codon of one amino acid encodes three bases

Question 61

There are only two main types of RNA needed to make proteins.They are tRNA and rRNA.

Question 62

Translocation during meiosis is not a cause of mutation.

Question 63

Because cells are very efficient in the processes that they carry out,very little energy is needed for the cell to make proteins.

Question 64

A somatic mutation is a mutation that occurs in cells that give rise to gametes.

Question 65

Cystic fibrosis may be caused by a protein that does not fold correctly into its final form.

Question 66

In eukaryotic cells gene expression may be controlled by not allowing mRNA to leave the nucleus.

Question 67

In the bacterium
E. coli, in the absence of lactose, a repressor protein binds to the operator region of the DNA, preventing the transcription of the genes of the lactose operon.BLOOM'S LEVEL: 1. Remember
LEARNING OUTCOME: 07.06.01 Explain how the transcription of a gene is regulated.SECTION: 07.06
TOPIC: Gene Regulation

Question 68

A poly A tail helps attach the ribosome to the mRNA molecule and may also determine how long the mRNA is retained within the cell.

Question 69

The type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis is tRNA.

Question 70

In eukaryotes transcription copies just one gene from one DNA strand,but replication copies both strands of an entire chromosome.

Question 71

A proteome is all of the proteins an organism expresses throughout its life.

Question 72

Based just on what is known about FOXP2,could Neandertals speak?

A)No, they have the same FOXP2 mutation as humans
B)Yes, they have the same FOXP2 mutation as humans
C)Yes, they have the same FOXP2 sequence as chimpanzees
D)No, they have the same FOXP2 sequence as chimpanzees
E)Yes, they have the same FOXP2 sequence as both humans and chimpanzees

Question 73

A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

Question 74

How did the researchers initially estimate that the original mutation happened 200,000 years ago?

A)They found the mutation in Neandertal DNA
B)By examining the fossil record
C)They found the mutation in chimpanzee DNA
D)Using a molecular clock
E)They found the mutation in 300,000-year-old human remains

Question 75

In eukaryotes an mRNA molecule can only be translated by one ribosome at a time.

Question 76

A gene is any DNA sequence that is transcribed to any type of RNA.

Question 77

The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

Question 78

A gene is any DNA sequence that is transcribed to mRNA only.

Question 79

Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.