Deck 6: How Cells Release Energy

Question 1

The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step by step is because:

A)Cells don't store enough oxygen
B)Cells don't have many mitochondria
C)Glucose breaks down slowly inside a cell
D)Too much energy would be released for the cell to harness
E)Cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The "spent" electrons from electron transport in aerobic respiration are transferred to:

A)Oxygen
B)Nitrogen
C)Hydrogen
D)Sulfur
E)Carbon dioxide

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In prokaryotic cells,cellular respiration occurs in the:

A)Mitochondria
B)Cytoplasm and the cell's outer membrane
C)Cell's outer membrane
D)Mitochondria and cytoplasm
E)Cytoplasm

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The electrons that are transferred during cellular respiration are carried in the molecules:

A)NADP and FADH₂
B)NADH and FADH₂
C)NADH and NADP
D)NADH₂ and Glucose
E)NADP and Glucose

Question 5

Animals are:

A)Net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers
B)Net O₂ and CO₂ producers
C)Net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers
D)Net O₂ and CO₂ consumers

Question 6

Fermentation is most common in:

A)Plants
B)Animals
C)Fungi
D)Microorganisms

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration is most common in:

A)Microorganisms
B)Plants
C)Animals
D)Fungi

Question 8

Glycolysis of a glucose molecule:

A)Produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP
B)Occurs only in animal cells
C)Transfers electrons from glucose to FAD
D)Occurs only in microorganisms
E)Occurs in mitochondria

Question 9

The chemical formula for glucose is:

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)C₁₂H₆O₁₂
C)C₆H₆O₁₂
D)C₁₂H₁₂O₆
E)All are correct

Question 10

During glycolysis molecules of glucose are:

A)Broken down into three molecules of pyruvate
B)Put together to form two molecules of pyruvate
C)Put together to form three molecules of pyruvate
D)Broken down to form two molecules of pyruvate
E)Broken down and the carbon atoms liberated as CO₂

Question 11

The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are:

A)Glycolysis, light reactions, and Calvin cycle
B)Calvin cycle, Kreb's cycle, and light reactions
C)Kreb's cycle, Calvin cycle, and electron transport
D)Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, and electron transport
E)Light reactions, carbon reactions, and electron transport

Question 12

The products of cellular respiration are:

A)Carbon dioxide, glucose, and water
B)Glucose, water, and ATP
C)Glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP
D)Oxygen, ATP, and water
E)Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Question 13

The enzyme that forms a channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and phosphorylates ADP is:

A)ATP Synthase
B)NADH Synthase
C)FADH₂ Synthase
D)ADP Synthase
E)None of these are correct

Question 14

The Kreb's cycle occurs in the:

A)Lysosome
B)Nucleus
C)Cytoplasm
D)Mitochondria
E)Ribosome

Question 15

In animal cells the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the:

A)Ribosome
B)Lysosome
C)Golgi body
D)None of these are correct
E)Mitochondrion

Question 16

The electron transport system occurs in the:

A)Lysosome.
B)Nucleus.
C)Cytoplasm.
D)Ribosome.
E)Mitochondria.

Question 17

Plants are:

A)Net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers
B)Net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers
C)Net O₂ and CO₂ producers
D)Net O₂ and CO₂ consumers

Question 18

Glycolysis occurs in the:

A)Cytoplasm
B)Mitochondria
C)Lysosome
D)Nucleus
E)Cell membrane

Question 19

The reactants for cellular respiration are:

A)Glucose and ATP
B)Water and ATP
C)Oxygen and ATP
D)Glucose and oxygen
E)Carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 20

The area enclosed by the highly folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the:

A)Cytoplasm
B)Nucleus
C)Outer membrane
D)Both cytoplasm and nucleus are correct
E)Matrix

Question 21

During glycolysis,to "activate" glucose ________ molecules of ____________ are required.

A)Three, NAD
B)Two, ATP
C)Two, FAD
D)Three, ADP
E)Three, ATP

Question 22

Only a small amount of ATP is produced during glycolysis because most of the energy stored in a glucose molecule remains in the bonds of:

A)Carbon dioxide
B)NADH
C)PGAL
D)Pyruvate
E)None of these are correct

Question 23

The Kreb's cycle produces __________ and ____________.

A)Carbon dioxide, oxygen
B)Oxygen, ATP
C)ATP, electron carriers
D)Electron carriers, oxygen
E)Pyruvate, PGAL

Question 24

An example of a poison that kills by interfering with ATP production is:

A)Arsenic
B)Carbon monoxide
C)All are correct
D)Cyanide
E)Rotenone

Question 25

The most ancient of the energy pathways is probably:

A)Aerobic respiration
B)Calvin cycle
C)Photosynthesis
D)Kreb's cycle
E)Glycolysis

Question 26

If a high-energy "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ADP,this is called:

A)Photosynthesis
B)Oxidative phosphorylation
C)Substrate-level phosphorylation
D)Electron transport
E)Glycolysis

Question 27

The compound that enters the Kreb's cycle is:

A)ATP
B)Pyruvate
C)PGAL
D)ATP Synthase
E)Acetyl CoA

Question 28

Alcoholic fermentation:

A)Is carried out by yeasts
B)Produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration
C)Produces ethanol
D)All are correct
E)Produces carbon dioxide

Question 29

The sole source of ATP production in cells using fermentation only is:

A)Glycolysis
B)Kreb's cycle
C)Photosynthesis
D)Electron transport
E)The Calvin cycle

Question 30

Since the Kreb's cycle is a cyclic pathway the original acceptor needed to start the Kreb's cycle and the end product of the Kreb's cycle are:

A)Enzymes
B)Different molecules
C)ATP molecules
D)The same molecule
E)NADH and FADH₂ respectively

Question 31

The molecule in the Krebs cycle that acetyl CoA combines with is:

A)Pyruvate
B)Oxygen
C)Oxaloacetate
D)NADH
E)A cytochrome

Question 32

Glycolysis and the Kreb's cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because:

A)ATP easily vaporizes
B)Energy cannot be created or destroyed
C)Some glucose is not broken down
D)Some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions
E)Some energy remains in the atoms

Question 33

Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to:

A)Generate NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen
B)Produce ATP in the presence of oxygen
C)Produce more ATP than in respiration
D)Allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen
E)Produce less CO₂

Question 34

In eukaryotic cells NADH and FADH₂ are transported along electron carriers of the:

A)Inner mitochondrial membrane
B)Matrix
C)Outer mitochondrial membrane
D)Cell membrane
E)Cytoplasm

Question 35

The electron transport chain produces a/an _____________ gradient.

A)Electron
B)ATP
C)NADH
D)Oxygen
E)Proton

Question 36

Glycolysis does not require:

A)ATP
B)Glucose
C)Enzymes
D)NAD
E)Oxygen

Question 37

The approximate maximum net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is about __ ATP molecules.

A)2
B)30
C)4
D)15
E)42

Question 38

The net ATP production in glycolysis is only two because:

A)Two molecules of ATP are needed to "activate" glucose
B)Two molecules of ATP are used to move NADH into the mitochondria
C)That is all the ATP produced during glycolysis
D)ATP production cannot exceed NADH production
E)Glycolysis may occur without oxygen being present

Question 39

In glycolysis the net number of NADH produced is:

A)0
B)3
C)2
D)4
E)30

Question 40

Another function of the Kreb's cycle other than to continue the breakdown of glucose is to:

A)Manufacture fats and amino acids
B)Manufacture fats
C)Manufacture amino acids and provide oxygen to cells
D)Manufacture amino acids
E)Provide oxygen to cells

Question 41

During fermentation yeast produce ethanol,a toxic waste product.Why would yeast produce something that is toxic to themselves?

A)To produce NADH for energy
B)To regenerate NAD⁺ in order to continue glycolysis
C)To use up excess pyruvate in order to continue glycolysis
D)To conserve oxygen for other reactions
E)To avoid the production of lactic acid

Question 42

Which of the following could be electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?

A)Nitrate or oxygen
B)Sulfate or oxygen
C)Lactic acid
D)Nitrate or sulfate
E)All are correct

Question 43

If a person is burning only glucose what will be the ratio of oxygen consumed to carbon dioxide produced?

A)1:1
B)1:2
C)2:1
D)6:1
E)1:6

Question 44

What first happens to the carbon atoms that enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA?

A)They are reduced to form carbon dioxide
B)They combine with a 4-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar
C)Two acetyl CoA molecules join together to form a 6-carbon sugar
D)They combine with pyruvate to form a 4-carbon sugar
E)They are activated with a phosphate from ATP

Question 45

How can glycolysis produce ATP in the absence of oxygen?

A)All are correct
B)By ATPase linked to the mitochondrial electron transport chain
C)By attaching a phosphate ion to ADP
D)By exciting electrons using photons of light
E)By substrate level phosphorylation

Question 46

If you measure the air a person inhales you observe that the concentrations ______ in the air they exhale.

A)of O₂ rises and CO₂ falls
B)of O₂ falls and CO₂ rises
C)of both O₂ and CO₂ rise
D)of both O₂ and CO₂ fall

Question 47

What is the role of oxygen in respiration?

A)It is formed from the oxidation of water at the beginning of the electron transport chain
B)It flows through the electron transport chain, losing energy as it goes
C)It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain, forming water
D)It is necessary to obtain any ATP from glucose
E)It flows down its concentration gradient through an ATPase to produce ATP

Question 48

In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle electrons are removed from glucose and taken up by molecules like NAD⁺.In such a reaction,glucose is being _____ and NAD⁺ is being ____.

A)Reduced, oxidized
B)Oxidized, reduced
C)Phosphorylated, oxidized
D)Phosphorylated, reduced
E)Reduced, phosphorylated

Question 49

During fermentation ___ ATP can be produced per glucose,compared with ____ by aerobic respiration.

A)30, 2
B)6, 30
C)2, 30
D)30, 6
E)2, 6

Question 50

Molecules called uncouplers allow protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)Reduction, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
B)Reduction, because protons would not be available to pass through the ATPase
C)No effect, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
D)Increase, because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)Increase, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 51

If you put a plant in a chamber and shine a light on it,the concentrations ______.

A)of O₂ will rise and CO₂ will fall
B)of O₂ will fall and CO₂ will rise
C)of both O₂ and CO₂ will rise
D)of both O₂ and CO₂ will fall

Question 52

The first steps in glycolysis involve:

A)Lysing glucose into two 3C molecules
B)Reducing glucose
C)Adding two phosphates from ATP to glucose
D)Generation of ATP
E)Donation of electrons from NADH to an electron transporter

Question 53

The smallest molecule in the Krebs cycle contains ____ carbon atoms.

A)4
B)1
C)3
D)5
E)6

Question 54

When NAD⁺ picks up two electrons from a reaction in the Krebs cycle to form NADH,the NAD⁺ is being:

A)Oxidized
B)Phosphorylated
C)Reduced
D)Hydrolyzed
E)Lysed

Question 55

Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)Reduction, because protons would not be able to move across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B)No effect, because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
C)Reduction, because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
D)Increase, because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)Increase, because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 56

If you put a plant in a chamber and place it in the dark,the concentrations ______.

A)of O₂ will fall and CO₂ will rise
B)of O₂ will rise and CO₂ will fall
C)of both O₂ and CO₂ will rise
D)of both O₂ and CO₂ will fall

Question 57

Mitochondria have two membranes.How is this important in the function of mitochondria?

A)Glycolysis occurs in the membranes
B)Protons are pumped into the space between the membranes
C)Oxygen is transported across the membranes
D)Without two membranes the mitochondria may rupture due to osmosis
E)The Krebs cycle enzymes are found on the outer mitochondrial membrane

Question 58

The reactions in glycolysis are reversible,however,the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA is irreversible in animal cells.Can fatty acids be converted back into carbohydrates?

A)No, because they enter metabolism as pyruvate
B)Yes, because they enter metabolism as acetyl CoA
C)No, because they enter metabolism as acetyl CoA
D)Yes, because they enter metabolism as pyruvate
E)Yes, because they enter metabolism in the Krebs cycle

Question 59

The largest molecule in the Krebs cycle contains ____ carbon atoms.

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)4
E)6

Question 60

A cell produces approximately 30 ATP per glucose,however,if you calculated the total energy in a glucose molecule,90 ATP should be generated.What is the best explanation for this difference?

A)Some of the energy is destroyed
B)Scientists have not figured out where the rest of the energy goes
C)ATP has more energy than originally thought
D)Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell
E)Some energy is lost as heat

Question 61

The electron transport chain extracts most of the potential energy in NADH by removing the energy from its electrons in a single step.

Question 62

Philodendron flowers pass electrons through an electron transport chain to generate heat.What is the source of these electrons?

A)Water
B)Oxygen
C)ATP
D)Sunlight
E)NADH and FADH₂

Question 63

Substrate phosphorylation occurs when protons pass through ATP synthase and combine with oxygen to make water.

Question 64

Most plants are:

A)Autotrophic endotherms
B)Autotrophic ecotherms
C)Heterotrophic ectotherms
D)Heterotrophic endotherms

Question 65

Substrate phosphorylation occurs when a high energy "donor" molecule physically transfers a phosphate group to ADP.

Question 66

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs when protons pass through ATP synthase and combine with oxygen to make water.

Question 67

Cellular respiration includes only the Kreb's cycle and electron transport.

Question 68

Philodendron flowers pass electrons through a mitochondrial electron transport chain to generate heat.What step is bypassed in generating heat?

A)Formation of a proton gradient
B)Transfer of electrons to oxygen
C)Donation of electrons to the electron transport chain
D)Excitation of electrons by sunlight
E)Release of electrons from water

Question 69

Cellular respiration includes glycolysis,the Kreb's cycle,and electron transport.

Question 70

In Eukaryotic cells the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 71

The rate of carbon dioxide production by Cyclocephala colasi beetles was used to measure their:

A)Ability to pollinate flowers
B)Rate of photosynthesis
C)Body temperature
D)Level of activity
E)Rate of respiration

Question 72

Philodendron flowers have to use a lot of energy to attract beetles as pollinators.This is similar to the energy used to produce ____ by many other flowering plants to attract pollinators.

A)Pollen
B)Seeds
C)Spores
D)Nectar
E)Leaves

Question 73

figure 6.14
What is the dependent variable in figure 6.14?

A)Temperature
B)Rate of oxygen production
C)Amount of pollen collected
D)Rate of carbon dioxide production
E)Glucose production

Question 74

figure 6.14
What is the independent variable in figure 6.14?

A)Temperature
B)Rate of carbon dioxide production
C)Rate of oxygen production
D)Amount of pollen collected
E)Glucose production

Question 75

NADH is the only electron carrier produced during aerobic respiration.

Question 76

Fermentation is a more efficient form of energy production than aerobic respiration.

Question 77

In prokaryotic cells the electron transport system occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 78

What hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A)Does generating heat increase the metabolism of Philodendron?
B)Does generating heat decrease the metabolism of Philodendron?
C)Is heat being used by Philodendron to attract pollinators?
D)Is heat being used by Philodendron increase the rate of pollen production?
E)Does heat increase the rate of photosynthesis by Philodendron?

Question 79

figure 6.14
What did the scientists conclude from figure 6.14?

A)That at higher temperatures resting beetles saved energy
B)That at higher temperatures active beetles saved energy
C)That at lower temperatures active beetles saved energy
D)That at lower temperatures resting beetles saved energy
E)That generating heat led to increased pollination of Philodendron flowers by beetles

Question 80

Cells from a Philodendron flower have which of the following?

A)All are correct
B)Mitochondria
C)Chloroplasts
D)A nucleus
E)A cell wall