Deck 3: The Dynamic Cell

Question 1

A prokaryotic cell:

A)Has a nucleus
B)Does not have a nucleus
C)Has a cell wall made of chitin
D)Is at least ten micrometers in diameter
E)Has membrane-bounded organelles

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A cell membrane is not:

A)A fluid structure
B)A rigid structure
C)A mosaic structure
D)A bilayered structure
E)Composed of phospholipid molecules

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Penicillin halts bacterial infections:

A)By stimulating a person's immune system
B)By damaging the cell membrane
C)By interfering with the construction of the cell wall
D)By causing the DNA of a bacterium to mutate
E)All are correct

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The kingdoms in the domain Eukarya include:

A)Protista, Monera, and Animalia
B)Fungi, Protista, and Archaea
C)Bacteria, Fungi, and Animalia
D)Animalia, Plantae, and Bacteria
E)Animalia, Plantae, and Protista

Question 5

The scientist (scientists)given credit for making the first record of microorganisms from observations with his (their)microscopes is (are):

A)Robert Hooke
B)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
C)Antony van Leeuwenhoek
D)Louis Pasteur
E)Rudolf Virchow

Question 6

The original three tenets of the cell theory are:

A)All organisms have DNA, DNA is the fundamental unit of life and all cells come from preexisting cells
B)All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life and all cells come from preexisting cells
C)All organisms have DNA, all organisms are made of cells and all cells produce proteins
D)All organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the fundamental unit of life and all cells have a nucleus
E)All organisms are made of one or more cells, all cells contain DNA and all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 7

The three domains in the Woese system of classification are:

A)Monera, Bacteria, and Eukarya
B)Fungi, Protista, and Animalia
C)Archaea, Eukarya, and Protista
D)Monera, Bacteria, and Eukarya
E)Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

Question 8

Members of Archaea are often referred to as extremeophils because they live in conditions of extreme:

A)Temperature
B)Salinity
C)Heat
D)All are correct

Question 9

The primary structural component of a cell membrane is:

A)A cholesterol molecule
B)A protein molecule
C)A phospholipid molecule
D)An enzyme
E)A sugar molecule attached to a protein

Question 10

A micrometer is:

A)0.000001 of a meter
B)0.1 of a meter
C)0.01 of a meter
D)0.001 of a meter
E)0.00001 of a meter

Question 11

A eukaryotic cell:

A)Has a cell wall with peptidoglycan
B)Is usually smaller than a prokaryotic cell
C)Does not have membrane-bounded organelles
D)Has membrane-bounded organelles
E)Does not usually have a nucleus

Question 12

Cancerous cells:

A)Divide uncontrolled
B)Squeeze into spaces where normal cells cannot
C)Create their blood supply
D)Secrete biochemicals that blast pathways through healthy tissues
E)All are correct

Question 13

The cell wall of bacteria:

A)Helps prevent the cell from bursting
B)Protects the cell
C)All are correct
D)Contains peptidoglycan
E)Gives the bacterium a distinctive shape

Question 14

The scientist (scientists)given credit for disproving the theory of spontaneous generation is (are):

A)Robert Hooke
B)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
C)Rudolf Virchow
D)Antony van Leeuwenhoek
E)Louis Pasteur

Question 15

The scientist (scientists)given credit for first using the term cell to describe the basic unit of life is (are):

A)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
B)Robert Hooke
C)Louis Pasteur
D)Rudolf Virchow
E)Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 16

The scientist (scientists)given credit for formulating the "cell theory" is (are):

A)Robert Hooke
B)Louis Pasteur
C)Rudolf Virchow
D)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
E)Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 17

The scientist (scientists)given credit for adding the third tenet (all cells come from preexisting cells)to the cell theory is (are):

A)Robert Hooke
B)Mathias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
C)Rudolf Virchow
D)Louis Pasteur
E)Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 18

The ways by which a cell avoids surface limitations to diffusion does not include:

A)Having a nucleus
B)A flattened shape
C)Being long and thin
D)Having specialized structures for labor which are termed organelles
E)Having a vacuole filled with water

Question 19

The smallest certifiable living organism is:

A)A bacterium called Mycoplasma
B)A virus
C)A nanobe
D)A protozoan called Giardia
E)All are correct

Question 20

A phospholipid molecule:

A)Has a hydrophilic head that is repelled by water
B)Has hydrophilic tails that are repelled by water
C)Has a hydrophilic head that is attracted to water
D)Has a hydrophobic head that is repelled by water
E)Has hydrophobic tails that are attracted to water

Question 21

A central vacuole:

A)Produces protein
B)Produces turgor pressure
C)Produces mRNA
D)Stores genetic information
E)Produces energy from nutrients

Question 22

Which are recycling centers for the cell?

A)Ribosome and Golgi apparatus
B)Endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast
C)Mitochondria and nucleus
D)Central vacuole and lysosome
E)All are correct

Question 23

Which of the following are cellular digestion centers?

A)Peroxisomes and ribosomes
B)Lysosomes and peroxisomes
C)Ribosomes and chloroplasts
D)Chloroplasts and ribosomes
E)Lysosomes and Golgi apparatus

Question 24

The function of the nucleolus is:

A)Protein synthesis
B)Photosynthesis
C)Transport of material into and out of the nucleus
D)Assembly of components of ribosomes
E)Assembly of mRNA

Question 25

Chloroplasts are not:

A)Glucose factories
B)Responsible for respiration
C)Found in plants
D)Organelles that carry out photosynthesis
E)Found in members of the kingdom protista

Question 26

A cytoskeleton is:

A)A structure that aids in the process of cell division
B)Found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
C)A system of tracks used for transport
D)Composed of microtubules and microfilaments
E)All are correct

Question 27

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the volume increase?

A)2-fold
B)8-fold
C)It would stay the same
D)9-fold
E)4-fold

Question 28

The Golgi apparatus is not:

A)An organelle
B)A processing center
C)Studded with ribosomes
D)Is not a stack of membrane enclosed sacs
E)Involved with secretion of cellular substances

Question 29

Mitochondria do not:

A)Have their own DNA
B)Extract energy from nutrients
C)Have two membrane layers
D)Have cristae
E)Carry out photosynthesis

Question 30

The theory of endosymbiosis is based on:

A)The knowledge that ribosomes are structures found in bacteria, plants, and animals
B)The experiments in which bacteria were made to grow in plant cells forming chloroplasts
C)The knowledge that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria
D)Evidence from the fossil record
E)Similarities between chloroplasts and other organelles in animals

Question 31

An organelle found in plant cells and some members of the kingdom Protista but not in animal cells is:

A)A centriole
B)A ribosome
C)A cell membrane
D)A lysosome
E)A chloroplast

Question 32

A junction that is a protein channel linking the cytoplasms of adjacent cells is called:

A)A tight junction
B)A gap junction
C)An adhering junction
D)An anchoring junction
E)A micro tubular junction

Question 33

Cells typically keep their surface to volume ratio low.If a cell was a cube and you doubled the height,width,and length of the cell,how much would the surface area increase?

A)2-fold
B)4-fold
C)It would stay the same
D)9-fold
E)8-fold

Question 34

The rough or smooth endoplasmic reticulum do not:

A)Produce proteins
B)Produce lipids
C)Detoxify poisons
D)Produce mRNA
E)Form vesicles for transport to the Golgi apparatus

Question 35

The main organelles and structures involved with milk production and secretion in their correct sequence are:

A)Nucleus, nuclear pore, rough ER, smooth ER, transport vesicle, Golgi body, vesicle for secretion
B)Nucleus, smooth ER, rough ER, nuclear pore, transport vesicle, Golgi body, vesicle for secretion
C)Nucleus, transport vesicle, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi body, vesicle for secretion
D)Nucleus, nuclear pore, Golgi body, rough ER, transport vesicle, smooth ER, vesicle for secretion
E)None of these are correct

Question 36

Cilia are not:

A)Found on prokaryotic cells
B)Found on eukaryotic cells
C)Used for movement
D)Short appendages
E)Composed of microtubules

Question 37

Flagella are not:

A)Found on eukaryotic cells
B)Found on prokaryotic cells
C)Used for movement
D)Composed of microtubules
E)Short appendages

Question 38

A structure found in prokaryotic cells,plant cells,and animal cells is a:

A)Cell wall
B)Chloroplast
C)Ribosome
D)Mitochondria
E)Cilium

Question 39

The most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells is the:

A)Endoplasmic reticulum
B)Nucleus
C)Ribosome
D)Nucleolus
E)Cell membrane

Question 40

In most mammals the DNA found in mitochondria is inherited from:

A)The father only
B)The mother and father
C)Neither parent
D)The mother only

Question 41

How do vesicles carrying proteins destined for secretion move to the plasma membrane?

A)By diffusion
B)Along actin
C)They swim with flagella
D)Along microtubules
E)They swim with cilia

Question 42

What is the selective advantage of keeping the surface to volume ratio low in a cell?

A)Maximize the relative surface area to exchange nutrients and gasses
B)Maximize the relative surface area for cooling
C)Provide more volume to store more organelles
D)Provide more volume to store more nutrients
E)Saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell

Question 43

Eukaryotic cells are 10-100 times the size of prokaryotic cells.How do eukaryotic cells resolve the surface area to volume limitations that favor smaller cells?

A)They have pumps that move gasses and nutrients through the cell
B)Diffusion does not work in cells without a cell wall
C)Organelles keep reactions compartmentalized and concentrated
D)Gasses are taken up by active transport
E)None of the biochemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in eukaryotes

Question 44

What fundamental question were the scientists in these projects asking?

A)Were tubulin and actin in ancestors common to prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
B)Were tubulin and actin in ancestors common to eukaryotes?
C)Are tubulin and actin in eukaryotes?
D)What is the structure of bacterial tubulin and actin?
E)Will bacterial tubulin and actin function in a eukaryotic cell?

Question 45

When membrane-bound receptors like HER2 bind to molecules outside of the cell,they must move through the membrane and bind to a second HER2 receptor,forming a dimer,in order for the signal to be sent inside the cell.This is possible because the cell membrane is _____.

A)A semi-permeable barrier
B)A fluid mosaic
C)Rigid like a cell wall
D)Hydrophobic
E)A barrier to ions

Question 46

In order for a milk protein to be secreted,it must be moved between organelles:

A)In spheres of lipid bilayer called vesicles
B)By release into the cytoplasm
C)By translation in each organelle
D)Attached to transporter proteins
E)By the fusion of organelles with each other

Question 47

A wild duck needs a steady supply of energy to be able to fly for hours and has dark breast meat.Domesticated chickens rarely fly and have white breast meat.As a result you would expect to find _____ in the breast muscles of wild ducks than domesticated chickens.

A)Fewer mitochondria
B)More cytoplasm
C)Less cytoplasm
D)More Golgi
E)More mitochondria

Question 48

In muscle contraction ____ and myosin filaments slide across each other.

A)Tubulin
B)Actin
C)Intermediate filaments
D)Flagella
E)Cilia

Question 49

When phospholipids are mixed with water their ____ interact with water and their ____ are repelled,forming a lipid bilayer.

A)Hydrophobic heads, hydrophilic tails
B)Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads
C)Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails
D)Hydrophilic tails, hydrophobic heads

Question 50

Tay-Sachs disease is a neurological disorder in which a defective enzyme prohibits the breakdown of phospholipids called gangliosides.Enzymes that breakdown molecules in a cell are typically found in which organelle?

A)Cytoplasm
B)Lysosomes
C)Endoplasmic reticulum
D)Golgi
E)Mitochondria

Question 51

In order for a milk protein to be secreted,its mRNA must first be translated on ribosomes:

A)In the cytoplasm
B)In the nucleus
C)Attached to the Golgi
D)Attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
E)Attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

What is the role of tubulin in mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

A)It forms the centromere that holds sister chromatids together
B)It forms the spindle that pulls chromosomes apart
C)It is necessary for the DNA to replicate
D)It is necessary for the cell to grow
E)It is necessary for the nucleosome to form in condensing chromosomes

Question 53

Unlike most organelles,chloroplasts and mitochondria contain:

A)Membranes
B)Ribosomes and DNA
C)Ribosomes
D)DNA
E)Membranes and ribosomes

Question 54

Tay-Sachs disease is a neurological disorder in which a defective enzyme prohibits the breakdown of phospholipids called gangliosides.Where would gangliosides accumulate?

A)Cytoplasm
B)Cell wall
C)Cytoplasm and cell wall
D)Membranes
E)Membranes and cell wall

Question 55

In a human,the intestines need to form a barrier to prevent bacteria and other microbes from moving into the bloodstream from the gut.Which of the following would prevent bacteria from moving between intestinal cells?

A)Gap junction
B)Plasmodesmata
C)Anchoring junction
D)Cell wall
E)Tight junction

Question 56

What is the selective advantage of a mature red blood cell being flat rather than a sphere?

A)Their surface area to volume will decrease, making it easier for them to fit through arteries and veins
B)Provides more membrane for the electron transport chains where oxygen is consumed
C)Provides more sites for the membrane-bound hemoglobin molecules which transport oxygen
D)Saves energy by making more membrane relative to the volume of the cell
E)Maximize the relative surface area to exchange gasses

Question 57

You are working on a forensics team and collect some cells from a crime scene.The cells have a cell wall made up of cellulose.This sample most likely came from:

A)An animal
B)A bacteria
C)A plant
D)A fungi
E)All could be correct

Question 58

How do sperm move to fertilize eggs?

A)With flagella made of microtubules
B)By diffusion
C)With flagella made of actin
D)With cilia made of microtubules
E)With cilia made of actin

Question 59

Which of the following could plants use to transport nutrients between adjacent cells?

A)Tight junction
B)Gap junction
C)Plasmodesmata
D)Anchoring junction
E)Cell wall

Question 60

You discover a new life form,and study it under an electron microscope.You find that it has no organelles,a peptidoglycan cell wall,and fatty acids in its plasma membrane.You conclude that the new life form is in which domain?

A)Bacteria
B)Archaea
C)Eukarya
D)Protista
E)Animalia

Question 61

When MreB and Mbl genes were inactivated in Bacillus subtilis the cells turned from rods to spheres.This indicates that MreB and Mbl normally have which function?

A)Maintaining a round shape in bacteria
B)Allowing bacteria to move
C)Allowing cell division in bacteria
D)Maintaining homeostasis in bacteria
E)Maintaining a rod shape in bacteria

Question 62

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and ribosomes to bacteria.

Question 63

How did scientists detect the location of MreB and Mbl in bacterial cells?

A)With an electron microscope
B)With a light microscope
C)With fluorescently tagged actin
D)With fluorescently tagged antibodies
E)With fluorescently tagged tubulin

Question 64

Viruses should not be considered living organisms because they do not consist of one or more cells.

Question 65

Endosymbiosis is a theory based on the resemblance of chloroplasts and mitochondria to bacteria.

Question 66

An understanding of cellular biology is helping us find new treatments for many diseases.

Question 67

The reason that mitochondrial DNA in most mammals is inherited from the mother only is because a sperm cell contains no mitochondria.

Question 68

The Woese system of classification consists of a taxonomic grouping called the domain.

Question 69

The cytoskeleton consists of microtubules,microfilaments,and intermediate filaments.

Question 70

When the scientists mutated the MreB and Mbl genes what did they mutate?

A)DNA
B)RNA
C)Actin protein
D)The entire cell
E)Tubulin protein

Question 71

Most living cells are small in size because they need a small ratio of surface area to volume.

Question 72

What did the scientists conclude from the experiments on MreB and Mbl?

A)That these genes have arisen multiple times over millions of years
B)That these genes arose independently in prokaryotes
C)That these genes are not similar to eukaryotic actin
D)That these genes are identical to eukaryotic tubulin
E)That these genes arose before prokaryotes and eukaryotes diverged

Question 73

Bacteria with which cell shape would be least likely to have a gene for MreB?

A)Rods
B)Spherical
C)Filaments
D)Corkscrews

Question 74

Most living cells are small in size because they need a large ratio of surface area to volume.

Question 75

What is the role of actin in eukaryotic cells?

A)It is part of the cytoskeleton
B)It forms the spindle that pulls chromosomes apart
C)It forms the centromere that holds sister chromatids together
D)It is necessary for the DNA to replicate
E)It is necessary for the nucleosome to form in condensing chromosomes

Question 76

Scientific evidence is beginning to suggest that some elements of the cytoskeleton may have originated in bacteria.

Question 77

When the scientists "turned off" MreB and Mbl genes which process were they inhibiting?

A)Transcription
B)Translation
C)Replication
D)Cell division
E)Splicing

Question 78

All living cells have a cell wall.

Question 79

Tubulin is necessary for ____ in bacteria and archaea?

A)DNA replication
B)Transcription
C)Translation
D)Cell division
E)Cell structure