Deck 21: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a:

A)Petiole
B)Internode
C)Axillary bud
D)Sieve plate
E)Node

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Compound leaves are defined as being divided into:

A)Blades
B)Companion cells
C)Leaflets
D)Stomata
E)Lateral meristems

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The main vegetative parts of plants include:

A)Roots, flowers, and stems
B)Fruits, flowers, and leaves
C)Roots, stems, and leaves
D)Stems, roots, flowers, leaves, and fruits
E)Flowers and fruits only

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are:

A)Rhizoids
B)Tendrils
C)Stolons
D)Rhizomes
E)Tubers

Question 5

The type of plant cell that divides to produce the adventitious roots in a houseplant cutting is a:

A)Sieve tube cell
B)Parenchyma cell
C)Collenchyma cell
D)Sclerenchyma cell
E)Guard cell

Question 6

The primary root of a plant that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is:

A)A fibrous root
B)A companion root
C)Rhizome
D)Stolon
E)A taproot

Question 7

The part of a plant that is the stalk-like support for a leaf is the:

A)Node
B)Petiole
C)Internode
D)Blade
E)Companion cell

Question 8

Swollen regions of underground stems that store starch are:

A)Rhizoids
B)Tubers
C)Stolons
D)Rhizomes
E)Tendrils

Question 9

The two main parts of a leaf are the:

A)Axillary bud and blade
B)Node and internode
C)Node and axillary bud
D)Blade and petiole
E)Blade and fruit

Question 10

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are:

A)Rhizomes
B)Rhizoids
C)Stolons
D)Tubers
E)Tendrils

Question 11

If a plant exhibits determinate growth the plant:

A)Continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot
B)Produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant
C)Sends out tendrils to support the plant
D)Stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size
E)Produces seeds only at one time during its life

Question 12

The patch of actively dividing cells that is found near the tip of roots and shoots of plants is the:

A)Apical meristem
B)Lateral meristem
C)Intercalary meristem
D)Tracheid
E)Vascular bundle

Question 13

Internodes of plants are:

A)Located on the stems
B)Located on the roots
C)Dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages
D)Periods of time between releasing of pollen
E)Located on the male flower parts

Question 14

The tissue that regrows a leaf from its base is the:

A)Lateral meristem
B)Apical meristem
C)Tracheid
D)Intercalary meristem
E)Vascular bundle

Question 15

The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its:

A)Tracheid
B)Meristem
C)Protostem
D)Cortex
E)Mesophyll

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of a stem of a plant?

A)Storage of starch
B)Support
C)Storage of water
D)Production of pollen
E)Protection from predators

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant?

A)Anchor the plant
B)Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism
C)Absorb water
D)Absorb mineral nutrients for the plant
E)Form beneficial relationships with microorganisms, thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients

Question 18

An embryonic leaf of a plant is a:

A)Petiole
B)Rhizoid
C)Sepal
D)Cotyledon
E)Tracheid

Question 19

Stems that grow along the soil surface asexually forming new plants at their nodes are:

A)Rhizoids
B)Stolons
C)Rhizomes
D)Tubers
E)Tendrils

Question 20

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is the:

A)Apical meristem
B)Intercalary meristem
C)Tracheid
D)Vascular bundle
E)Lateral meristem

Question 21

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope it would be best to:

A)Plant grasses because they have fibrous roots
B)Plant grasses because they have taproots
C)Plant trees because they have taproots
D)Plant trees because they have fibrous roots

Question 22

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from the _______.

A)Lateral meristem
B)Apical meristem
C)Intercalary meristem
D)Root tip
E)Node

Question 23

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the:

A)Stomata
B)Cuticle
C)Guard cell
D)Xylem
E)Phloem

Question 24

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are:

A)Epidermal cells
B)Sieve tube elements
C)Guard cells
D)Petioles
E)Stomata

Question 25

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is:

A)Mesophyll tissue
B)Bark
C)Leaf
D)Wood
E)Cork cambium

Question 26

The ________________ transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.

A)Xylem
B)Guard cells
C)Phloem
D)Epidermis
E)Stomata

Question 27

The ________________ transports dissolved organic compounds such as sugars from the leaves throughout the plant.

A)Phloem
B)Guard cells
C)Xylem
D)Epidermis
E)Stomata

Question 28

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the:

A)Leaf
B)Stomata
C)Bark
D)Stem
E)Chlorophyll

Question 29

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a:

A)Sieve tube cell
B)Collenchyma cell
C)Parenchyma cell
D)Sclerenchyma cell
E)Guard cell

Question 30

Which of the following is not an edible vegetative part of a plant?

A)Potato
B)Cucumber
C)Beet
D)Onion
E)Asparagus

Question 31

The protective layer of dermal tissue that covers a woody stem or root is the:

A)Mesoderm
B)Periderm
C)Pachyderm
D)Ectoderm
E)Endoderm

Question 32

The xylem and phloem are produced by the:

A)Vascular cambium
B)Sieve tube
C)Vascular bundle
D)Casparian strip
E)Companion cells

Question 33

Conducting cells in xylem are:

A)Sieve tube elements
B)Tracheids
C)Tracheids and vessel elements
D)Vessel elements
E)Tracheids and sieve tube elements

Question 34

The main phloem conducting cells are:

A)Tracheids
B)Companion cells
C)Sieve tube elements
D)Vessel elements
E)Stomata

Question 35

Which of the following is not an edible reproductive part of a plant?

A)Celery
B)Broccoli
C)Tomato
D)Corn
E)Walnut

Question 36

The root cap:

A)Protects the meristem from abrasion
B)Is located at the tip of the root
C)Secretes a lubricant for the growing root
D)Plays a role in sensing gravity
E)All are correct

Question 37

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a:

A)Sclerenchyma cell
B)Sieve tube cell
C)Parenchyma cell
D)Collenchyma cell
E)Guard cell

Question 38

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from the _______.

A)Apical meristem
B)Lateral meristem
C)Intercalary meristem
D)Root tip
E)Node

Question 39

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source.This is because the tip of the root is which of the following?

A)The vascular tissue
B)The dermal tissue
C)The pericycle
D)The apical meristem
E)The endodermis

Question 40

The cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are:

A)Sieve tube cells
B)Vascular cells
C)Companion cells
D)Pith cells
E)Guard cells

Question 41

A tomato,squash,or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason?

A)They contain seeds from a flowering plant
B)They were produced by a flowering plant
C)They can have a color other than green
D)They grow above the ground
E)They can be eaten raw

Question 42

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.The resulting sucrose is released into the vessels that transport water.Which of the following would a person tap to collect sap from a maple tree?

A)Phloem
B)Collenchyma tissue
C)Xylem
D)Parenchymal tissue
E)Roots

Question 43

On a hot sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

A)Cuticle and stomata
B)Cuticle
C)Stomata
D)Cuticle and phloem
E)Phloem and stomata

Question 44

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

A)Dermal tissue
B)Vascular tissue
C)Ground tissue
D)Equal amounts of ground and dermal tissue
E)Equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

Question 45

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

A)Photosynthesis during the previous summer
B)Photosynthesis that winter
C)Photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing
D)Breakdown of cellulose in the tree
E)They are absorbed from the soil

Question 46

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

A)In the center
B)Just under the bark
C)In the periderm
D)In the bark
E)In the roots

Question 47

How did the researchers conduct their experiment?

A)They used drops of glue to exclude tramp ants from some leaves
B)They picked the tramp ants off of some leaves
C)They picked other insects off of some leaves
D)They sprayed some leaves with insecticide
E)They removed the nectar from some leaves

Question 48

Stems may have specialized functions including which of the following?

A)Domatia
B)Domatia and tendrils
C)Tendrils
D)Rhizomes
E)Rhizomes and tendrils

Question 49

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

A)Lateral meristem
B)Apical meristem
C)Intercalary meristem
D)Leaf
E)Node

Question 50

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed cell death of cells that attach the leaf to a stem.If you cut a branch in the summer,the leaves will not fall off in the autumn.What can you conclude from this observation?

A)The leaves are normally killed by substances that come from the trunk of the tree
B)The leaves must be alive to go through apoptosis
C)The branch does not need to get rid of leaves if it is cut off
D)Once cut, the branch no longer can sense what season it is in
E)The sap from the leaf can no longer move down the xylem to the trunk of the tree

Question 51

What hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A)That trees in good locations have enough energy to both produce food and feed ants
B)That the tramp ants were parasites eating nectar from the trees
C)That other species of ants were competing with the tramp ants for nectar
D)That the tramp ants promote fruit production
E)That tramp ants were pollinating the trees

Question 52

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

A)The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark
B)The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue
C)Monocots don't have vascular bundles
D)Eudicots don't have vascular bundles
E)Grasses have taproots

Question 53

Tree rings represent growth during wet and dry periods of the year.In a deciduous tree found in the north,which two seasons would contribute to tree rings?

A)Spring and summer
B)Spring and fall
C)Winter and spring
D)Winter and summer
E)Summer and fall

Question 54

Which of the following best describes a compound leaf?

A)Multiple blades attached to a single petiole
B)A single blade attached to a petiole
C)A single leaflet attached to a petiole
D)Multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole

Question 55

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The phloem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves
B)The xylem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots
C)The xylem was cut, so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves
D)Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree
E)The phloem was cut, so sugars cannot be transported to the roots

Question 56

How would the young leaves obtain the sugary nectar that the ants eat?

A)By photosynthesis
B)They would take it up through their roots
C)From their fruits
D)By respiration
E)From the ants

Question 57

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following tissues would contain the starch over the winter?

A)Xylem
B)Phloem
C)Parenchymal tissue
D)Collenchyma tissue
E)Roots

Question 58

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.The food coloring was taken up through which of the following?

A)Phloem
B)Stomata
C)Xylem
D)Dermal tissue
E)Ground tissue

Question 59

Why might these trees only secrete nectar on young leaves rather than larger more mature leaves?

A)These leaves are near the apical meristem
B)These leaves are near the lateral meristem
C)These leaves perform more photosynthesis
D)These leaves have more cellulose
E)These leaves have internodes

Question 60

Home gardeners who grow tomatoes are often told to pinch off axillary buds at nodes to prevent the plants from becoming too bushy.This is consistent with most tomato plants being which of the following?

A)Monocots
B)Determinate
C)Eudicots
D)Indeterminate

Question 61

The epidermis of a plant leaf is usually many layers thick and carries out most of the photosynthesis in a leaf.

Question 62

The vegetative parts of plants are those parts that are reproductive.

Question 63

The ant-tree partnership is a result of which of the following?

A)Natural selection
B)Competition
C)Parasitism
D)Predation
E)Artificial selection

Question 64

Veins are the vascular bundles inside of a leaf.

Question 65

If a plant exhibits a pattern of indeterminate growth,it stops growing when it reaches mature size.

Question 66

Root hairs greatly increase the absorptive surface area of a root.

Question 67

Figure 21.23
What was the researchers' conclusion?

A)Any ants that occupy domata protect the trees from herbivores
B)Tramp ants eat the leaves of plants with domata
C)Tramp ants that occupy domata protect the trees from herbivores
D)Herbivores are more likely to eat the leaves of plants with domata
E)Nectar attracts herbivores and prevents them from eating the leaves

Question 68

Vegetative edible plant parts include roots,fruits,stems,and tubers.

Question 69

The ecological relationship between Humboldtia brunonis and Technomyrmex albipes is which of the following?

A)Mutualism
B)Commensalism
C)Parasitism
D)Competition
E)Predation

Question 70

Herbaceous plants are those that contain little or no woody tissue.

Question 71

The shoot of a plant is the above ground part of a plant.

Question 72

Grasses and other monocots usually have fibrous root systems.

Question 73

In woody plants the vascular cambium produces xylem and the cork cambium produces phloem.

Question 74

The three main types of tissue formed by plant cells are ground tissue,dermal tissue,and vascular tissue.

Question 75

Figure 21.23
What was the dependent variable in their experiment (Figure 21.23)?

A)The presence of tramp ants
B)The presence of other ants
C)The number of leaflets that were damaged
D)The amount of fruit produced
E)The amount of nectar consumed