Deck 10: The Multiple Centers of Europe, 500 - 1000

Question 1

 Far more than attacks from foreign powers,Byzantium's largest difficulty over the years was

A)Mongolian invasions.
B)Invasions from the western part of the Roman Empire.
C)Condemnations from the pope.
D)Plague.
E)Climatic catastrophes.

Answer 1

Plague.

Question 2

 How did the Vikings signify to the local natives that they were peaceful?

A)Carried a white shield.
B)Kneeled to them.
C)Removed their swords and shields.
D)Presented gifts.
E)Gave up their cattle.

Answer 2

Carried a white shield.

Question 3

 Scandinavians traveled to which of the following locations? 

A)Russia.
B)Greenland. 
C)Iceland.
D)Canada.
E)All of these choices. 

Answer 3

All of these choices. 

Question 4

 The Germanic states differed from the previous Roman Empire because the Germans

A)Were Christian.
B)Were completely democratic.
C)Were based on the war-bands.
D)Were respected by the Byzantines.
E)Did not have a military.

Question 5

 Culturally,the residents of the eastern and western halves of the Roman Empire had which of the following in common? 

A)Both spoke Latin.
B)Both spoke Greek. 
C)Both were mostly Christian.
D)Both followed Roman law.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 6

 The first outbreak of the bubonic plague in the Byzantine Empire in 541 occurred during the reign of

A)Constantine.
B)Irene.
C)Justinian.
D)Alexius.
E)Leo IV.

Question 7

 Which of the following was a major religious center for the Christian Church?

A)Alexandria.
B)Rome.
C)Constantinople.
D)Jerusalem.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 8

 Justinian married Theodora in 520;before marriage she was an actress and

A)Nun.
B)Scholar.
C)Merchant.
D)Circus performer.
E)Soldier.

Question 9

 Which of the following statements is true?

A)No evidence has ever been found of Viking settlements in Canada.
B)Viking settlements in the New World involved prosperous ports.
C)Viking boats were limited in traveling in the open sea and could not have landed in Canada.
D)Archeological evidence dating from ca.1000 of a Viking settlement has been found in Newfoundland.
E)Viking voyages to North America were impossible,since they were unable to sail out of sight of land.

Question 10

 How were the Germanic peoples regarded by the Romans while Rome was still intact?

A)Romans respected their religious beliefs.
B)The Germanic peoples were known for their poetry.
C)Scandinavians were the Romans' major trading partners.
D)Scandinavians were seen as equals by the Romans.
E)The Multiple Centers of Europe,500-1000

Question 11

 Sometime around the year ​1000,the journey to Newfoundland was made by

A)​Columbus.
B)​Erik the Red.
C)​Leif Eriksson.
D)​Magellan.
E)​Da Gama.

Question 12

 Byzantine manuscripts were written on what material?

A)Paper.
B)Silk.
C)Papyrus.
D)Parchment.
E)Linen.

Question 13

 An alternate name for the Eastern Roman Empire was

A)The Byzantine Empire.
B)Constantine's Empire.
C)The Eastern Greek Empire.
D)The Orthodox Empire.
E)The Greco-Roman Empire.

Question 14

 Bubonic plague was spread to people by

A)Polluted water supplies.
B)Flea bites that have drunk the blood of infected rodents.
C)Contaminated food.
D)African slaves.
E)Lead in the pipes.

Question 15

 During the seventh and eighth centuries,in contrast to Roman times,the basic administrative unit of the Byzantine Empire was the

A)Theme.
B)Senate.
C)Assembly.
D)Legion.
E)Diocese.

Question 16

 In the Byzantine Church,what title did the top church leaders use in the first four major Christian cities?

A)Pope.
B)Patriarch.
C)Abbot.
D)Archbishop.
E)Cardinal.

Question 17

 The highest-ranking bishop in Rome was the

A)Pope.
B)Patriarch.
C)Vizier.
D)Caliph.
E)Emperor.

Question 18

 In 532,Justinian sponsored the building of the "Hagia Sophia" church,whose name means

A)"Our Lady."
B)"Divine Eternity."
C)"Holy Wisdom."
D)"Hail Mary."
E)"Our Father."

Question 19

 This third largest Byzantine city was captured by the Sasanian Persians.

A)Athens.
B)Constantinople.
C)Rome.
D)Carthage.
E)Antioch.

Question 20

 Which empire was the only major empire in existence in in 500?

A)Islam.
B)Byzantine.
C)Persian.
D)Roman.
E)Egyptian.

Question 21

 In the eighth and ninth centuries,prisoners of war captured by the Franks were called

A)Captives.
B)Slaves.
C)Pilgrims.
D)Paupers.
E)Chattel.

Question 22

 According to Einhard,Charlemagne attempted and failed to learn how to

A)Fight.
B)Ride a horse.
C)Swim.
D)Read and write.
E)Negotiate.

Question 23

 Irene was the first woman in the Byzantine Empire to

A)Influence political decisions.
B)Rule in her own right.
C)Rule as regents for her son.
D)Promote the Christian church.
E)Die of bubonic plague.

Question 24

 Why did popes feel vulnerable after the mid-500s?

A)Persian power,which had protected most of Italy,declined.
B)Germanic-speaking Lombards controlled Rome and were Arian Christians.
C)The Byzantine Empire was growing in strength and challenged them.
D)The Franks posed a threat to the pope.
E)Popes lacked sufficient funds to pay taxes and tributes to the Lombards.

Question 25

 In 797,Empress Irene's most serious competition for the throne came from

A)Generals.
B)The patriarch.
C)Her son.
D)High court officials.
E)The pope.

Question 26

 The iconoclast controversy involved

A)Accepting the pope as the head of the church in Constantinople.
B)A debate about Jesus Christ's divinity.
C)Islamic connotations in the Bible.
D)What Jews were allowed to do in the Christian world.
E)The second commandment and the depiction and worship of religious images.

Question 27

 Merovingian bishops came from what area of society?

A)Court officials.
B)Important lay families.
C)​Former priests and monks.
D)​Monastery abbots.
E)All of these choices.​

Question 28

 Which of the following was a characteristic of Germanic war-bands?

A)They followed successful leaders for booty.
B)Assemblies called Thing chose the warlord.
C)War-bands were very fluid.
D)Slaves were not required to fight wars. 
E)All of these choices. 

Question 29

 During the reign of Empress Irene,which of the following happened ?

A)The iconoclast controversy was settled.
B)A deal was made with the Abbasids that saved Constantinople from takeover.
C)Charlemagne was recognized by the pope as the legitimate heir of the Roman Empire. 
D)The pope in Rome would not accept Irene as emperor.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 30

 The monasteries of the Merovingian era were modeled on a monastery founded in 529 near Rome by Benedict of Nursia (ca.480-545)and

A)Spread throughout Europe from the Mediterranean.
B)Were not important in spreading Christianity among the Germanic tribes.
C)Were usually destroyed by war-bands who mistrusted Christianity and the monks.
D)Were primarily interested in acquiring land.
E)Consisted of poorly trained and illiterate Merovingian monks.

Question 31

 Merovingian bishops who had been married before becoming bishops

A)Were given special dispensation from the pope to remain married.
B)Divorced their wives who then became their assistants.
C)Required their wives to enter a convent.
D)Were asked by the pope to stop sleeping with them.
E)Had to renounce their office.

Question 32

 Which of the following are characteristics of the Franks? 

A)They lived in modern-day France and Germany.
B)They had armies capable of defeating the Byzantines in battle.
C)Their ruling families included the Merovingians and Carolingians.
D)The Carolingian king Charlemagne was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 33

 Which of the following modern-day nations was never a part of Charlemagne's empire?

A)France.
B)Poland.
C)Germany.
D)Italy.
E)Switzerland.

Question 34

 Though still considered a war-band leader,how did Carolingian society change after Charlemagne?

A)Potentates owned land and could command others to obey.
B)Paupers could own land but lacked power.
C)Slaves were powerless workers in the countryside.
D)Education was promoted for sons of the powerful.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 35

 Which of the following statements is true?

A)Charlemagne's armies held prisoners for ransom.
B)The Franks' prisoners were forced to convert to Christianity.
C)Only non-Christian prisoners of the Franks were sold into slavery
D)Franks found eager markets for many of their prisoners as slaves in the Abbasid Empire.
E)Franks took no prisoners,preferring to slaughter the entire population.

Question 36

 What was a cause for the change in the geographical origins of the popes?

A)Greek was not an accepted language of the Christian Church in the West.
B)The Lombards became Christianized and started selecting popes.
C)Byzantium threatened to depose the pope and replace him with the Greek patriarch.
D)The Christian Church in the West was threatened by the spread of Islam.
E)The allegiance between Rome and the Carolingians.

Question 37

 What was the basis of the Germanic war-bands' economy?

A)Cattle herding.
B)Fighting for hire.
C)Gold mining.
D)Farming.
E)Trading.

Question 38

 What could Charlemagne and the Franks claim against the Byzantines after Charlemagne was crowned emperor by the pope in 800?

A)Charlemagne was the legitimate pope of the Christian world.
B)Empress Irene had to marry Charlemagne to keep her ties to the church.
C)The Franks were the legitimate successors of the Roman Empire and the Roman emperor.
D)Charlemagne was the legitimate head of the Byzantine throne.
E)They could claim all the former lands once controlled by Rome.

Question 39

 Which of the following statements about the former Romans and Germanic peoples are true?

A)Romans used slaves to run their estates.
B)Roman estates became Germanic villages.
C)Germanic farmers used slash and burn techniques,made them productive again.
D)Many of the Germanic peoples were hunters and foragers.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 40

 Gregory of Tours recounted an incident involving Clovis that illustrates which of the following?

A)War-bands attacked churches for their treasures.
B)The equitable distribution of booty with Clovis and his men.
C)Clovis often had to make decisions based on the approval of his war members.
D)By destroying the vase,a member of Clovis's band had challenged his place as a ruler and had to be punished.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 41

 Because of its geographical location,the early peoples of Russia had contact with which of the following religions?

A)Judaism.
B)Eastern Christianity.
C)Western Christianity.
D)Islam.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 42

 The most northern area in Russia consists of the tundra and

A)Tagia. 
B)Forest lands.
C)Steppes.
D)Plains.
E)Marshlands.

Question 43

 Which of the following statements is true?

A)Although small,Scandinavian culture left a lasting stamp on later American culture.
B)The history of the Americas was not affected by the Scandinavian settlements.
C)Consequences of the Newfoundland settlements made a strong impact on Scandinavian culture.
D)The consequences of the Scandinavian settlements equaled those of Columbus.
E)None of these.

Question 44

 William the Conqueror launched an invasion of England in 1066 from which former Scandinavian settlement?

A)Ireland.
B)Normandy.
C)The Danube Valley.
D)Russia.
E)Germany.

Question 45

 The most powerful god in the pagan Viking religion - the one who controlled the harvest - was

A)Odin.
B)Freya.
C)Loki.
D)Thor.
E)Fenris.

Question 46

 How have historians concluded that there was active trade between the Vikings and Abbasids?

A)It was recorded in Islamic trade records.
B)Scandinavian ships regularly stopped in Muslim ports.
C)Muslim silver dirham coins have been found in the Baltic Sea region.
D)Viking longboats have been found in the Red Sea.
E)Scandinavian furs have been found in Baghdad.

Question 47

 The Vikings and Germanic tribes had which of the following in common? 

A)Leaders commanded war-bands.
B)Plunder was their main source of revenue.
C)Gradual conversion to Christianity.
D)Eventual transition to becoming farmers and traders.
E)All of the above. 

Question 48

 The Danelaw refers to Viking control of

A)The Catholic Church.
B)Normandy.
C)Northern and eastern England.
D)Abbasid territory.
E)The Volga River.

Question 49

 How was Harald Bluetooth important to early Scandinavian history?

A)He conquered England and Ireland.
B)He abolished slavery in Denmark.
C)His army was important in repelling Muslims from Spain.
D)He forbade trade with Muslims.
E)He unified Denmark,conquered southern Norway,and converted to Christianity.

Question 50

 The Viking encounter with the Skraelings gave scholars their earliest European accounts of

A)Whale hunting.
B)The first sighting of the northern lights.
C)The global warming effect of the 1000s.
D)The Amerindians living in coastal Canada and possibly Maine.
E)Early migrations into North America.

Question 51

 The success of Viking sailing was based on which of the following?

A)The use of iron rivets and washers.
B)Recognized land masses.
C)Use of oars.
D)Sails.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 52

 Erik the Red's first trip to Greenland

A)Was an attempt to escape the army of Alfred I of England.
B)Was the result of the Thing's (legislative body)decision to exile him for being a thief.
C)Occurred when he was blown off course near Greenland.
D)Was accidental as he was returning for Iceland.
E)Occurred when he was trying to establish a trade post that would link Russian trade.

Question 53

 In the Vikings' initial encounter with the Skraelings,the latter traded what good for Vikings cow's milk or scraps of red cloth?

A)Furs.
B)Wheat.
C)Beads.
D)Antlers.
E)Wine.

Question 54

 How was slavery related to the Vikings?

A)The Vikings freed all slaves.
B)Only Christian male prisoners were always sold into slavery.
C)Vikings regularly traveled to the eastern coast of Africa and captured or bought slaves.
D)The Vikings did not tolerate any form of slavery inside their society.
E)Prisoners were sold as slaves to the Abbasids and Byzantines.

Question 55

 Bede was famous for writing a history of

A)The Anglo-Saxons.
B)Charlemagne.
C)The Vikings.
D)The decline of the Carolingians.
E)Slavery in the Germanic era.

Question 56

 Vikings originated in

A)Francia.
B)Greenland.
C)Russia.
D)Scandinavia.
E)Vinland.

Question 57

 By the tenth century, Carolingian rule began to collapse as a result of

A)The ineptness of Charlemagne's son Louis the Pious.
B)The devastation from the results of the plague.
C)Conflict over territories by Charlemagne's three grandsons.
D)The resurrection of the Byzantine Empire.
E)Viking raids.

Question 58

 The Viking army,which established the first Scandinavian settlement in England,eventually spread its control over which of the following? 

A)Northern England.
B)Ireland.
C)Eastern England.
D)Scotland.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 59

 The characteristics of the Carolingian empire,at its end,included which of the following? 

A)Christianity as a shared faith.
B)The main source of revenue was plunder.
C)Leaders who ruled by rewarding their followers.
D)Low levels of literacy among the general public.
E)Christianity as a Shared faith.

Question 60

 What religious characteristic is related to pre-Christian Scandinavia?

A)Religious leaders were only men.
B)The main god was Frey.
C)Women played an important role as seers.
D)Early graves had medals of Christ.
E)Monotheism was practiced.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- iconoclasts

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Justinian

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- plague

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- pope

Question 65

 Rus society began as

A)War-bands.
B)Individual hunters.
C)Nomads.
D)Principalities.
E)Trading posts.

Question 66

 Which of the following beliefs and practices differed between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches by 1054?

A)Where the Holy Spirit proceeded from
B)Celibacy of priests.
C)Requirement of priests to wear beards.
D)Primacy of the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople. 
E)All of these choices.

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni 

Question 68

 Most of the history of Rus before 900 comes from

A)Chinese records.
B)Byzantine accounts.
C)Scandinavian evidence.
D)Amerindian artifacts.
E)neolithic sites.

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Corpus of Civil Law

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Byzantine Empire

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Constantinople

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Irene

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- patriarch

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- pneumonic plague

Question 75

 Which of the following statements is true in describing Vladimir?

A)His advisers recommended that Vladimir convert to Islam.
B)Vladimir demanded an Islamic princess to be sent to him before he converted to Islam.
C)Vladimir and his advisers saw Christianity of the Germans and Byzantines as two different religions.
D)Vladimir was not interested in learning Arabic and rejected Islam.
E)He wanted to be baptized by the Islamic umma.

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Theodora

Question 77

 The Rus were a multi-ethnic people which included what group?

A)Slavs. 
B)Balts.
C)Finns.
D)Scandinavians.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- theme

Question 79

 The modern Russian language is mostly based on

A)Scandinavian.
B)Spoken Slavic base.
C)Indo-European.
D)Mongolian.
E)A Germanic foundation.

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Frankish kingdom