Deck 14: The Mongols and Their Successors, 1200 - 1500

Question 1

 A new leader for a Mongol band was chosen by

A)An election of the khuriltai.
B)Religious rituals led by the shaman.
C)Demonstrating the ability to vanquish all one's rivals.
D)Being selected by the chief still in power.
E)Wealth;the man who had the largest herd was proclaimed chief.

Answer 1

Demonstrating the ability to vanquish all one's rivals.

Question 2

 The religious ritual of burning bones and reading the resulting cracks were comparable to

A)Rituals performed by Egyptian high priests.
B)Mayan rituals.
C)Shang-dynasty divination.
D)Persian Zoroastrianism.
E)Greek oracles.

Answer 2

Shang-dynasty divination.

Question 3

 During the conquest of a city,the Mongols took how much of the defeated town as plunder?

A)All horses.
B)One-tenth of moveable property.
C)One-half of all land.
D)All gold and half of the slaves.
E)All gold and the most beautiful women.

Answer 3

One-tenth of moveable property.

Question 4

 What happened to Chinggis Khan's father when Chinggis was only 9 years old?

A)Exiled to China.
B)Died in battle.
C)Poisoned by a rival.
D)Disappeared traveling to Constantinople.
E)No one knows;his father is unknown.

Question 5

 Which of the following was a cause of the Mongol's military success?

A)Cities that would rather surrender to prevent devastation. 
B)The strength and accuracy of their compound bows.
C)Superior horsemanship.
D)Mongol soldiers sharing in the plunder.
E)All of these choices.

Question 6

 Nestorian missionaries used what language to preach among the Mongols?

A)Uighur.
B)Latin.
C)Persian.
D)Chinese.
E)Mongolian.

Question 7

 The early Mongols spoke many languages that are referred to as Mongolian and

A)Chino-Turkic.
B)Tibetan. 
C)Mongo-Chinese.
D)Turkic.
E)Jurchen.

Question 8

 Founded by Chinggis Khan,the Mongol Empire came into being between

A)1000.
B)800-900.
C)1200-1250.
D)1400.
E)1300-1325.

Question 9

 Why are the writings of William of Rubruck (ca.1215-ca. 1295)of such importance to modern-day scholars?

A)Mongols did not have a writing system.
B)They contain detailed,accurate descriptions of Mongolian life and provide an example of cultural exchange.
C)Rubruck wrote of his experiences as a lifelong prisoner of the Mongols.
D)All Mongolian histories have been destroyed by Christians and Muslims.
E)Mongolian texts involve only lists and records.

Question 10

 The Mongols worshipped several protective spirits and deities,including Tengri,the god of

A)Death.
B)Sky.
C)Vegetation.
D)Horses.
E)Divination.

Question 11

 Animals provided for the Mongols' basic needs,which included which of the following? 

A)Clothing.
B)Khumis.
C)Felt.
D)Dairy products.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 12

 Which of the following were a part of Mongolian religious practices? 

A)Polytheism.
B)Felt figurines of protective spirits.
C)Shamans. 
D)Tengri and Itugen.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 13

 Mongols traded with settled neighboring peoples to obtain which of the following?

A)Metal.
B)Horses.
C)Goats.
D)Wool.
E)Cheese.

Question 14

 What was the tanistry in Mongolian society?

A)A divinatory ritual.
B)A political process to choose a new leader. 
C)A military unit.
D)Fermented mare's milk.
E)A felt tent for a family.

Question 15

 The Origin of Chinggis Khan,an anonymous oral epic that took shape in 1228,​

A)Originated from Mongolian mythology.
B)Was written in Chinese before being translated into Turkic.
C)Has never been translated into English.
D)Was authored by William of Rubruck.
E)Is the only source of early Mongol history that is written in Mongolian.

Question 16

 The traditional method to acclaim  a new Mongol leader was to gather in an assembly known as

A)Khanates.
B)Darughachi.
C)Khuriltai.
D)Shamanism.
E)Tanistry.

Question 17

 Nestorian Christians

A)Were based in Alexandria.
B)Spoke Syrian to the Mongolians.
C)Believed that Christ had two natures.
D)Were the most active Christians in Central Asia.
E)Followed the teachings of the Cathars.

Question 18

 Where was William of Rubruck originally from?

A)France.
B)Italy.
C)Jerusalem.
D)Muscovy.
E)England.

Question 19

 Where was the origin of the Mongols?

A)Russian Steppes.
B)Himalayan foothills.
C)Northern Caspian Sea areas.
D)Mongolian grasslands.
E)Central China.

Question 20

 What characteristic(s)of the Mongols made them unprecedented as military conquerors?

A)Religious fervor.
B)Sophisticated record keeping.
C)Coordination between major clan chiefs.
D)Use of cannon and siege engines.
E)Skilled as horsemen and the systematic use of terror.

Question 21

 The empire experienced which of the following immediately after the death of Chinggis Khan,

A)Follow a series of rulers.
B)Continue conquests into Eastern Europe and northern China.
C)Introduce a postal system. 
D)Change the capital at Khara Khorum.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 22

 What did a Mongol messenger carry on the postal relay system to prove that they were authorized and entitled to food and fresh horses?

A)A letter from Chinggis.
B)Silver or bronze tablet.
C)Special silver spurs.
D)A piece of Chinggis' hair.
E)A copy of the Origin of Chinggis Khan.

Question 23

 The Mongke's court showed its cultural curiosity when a debate was organized to discuss

A)Great past leaders of the Mongols.
B)Various religious ideologies.
C)A variety of European cultural topics.
D)A comparison of past empires to the Mongolian Empire.
E)Great learning centers of the past.

Question 24

 William of Rubruck had to get permission from various regional leaders and elders to be able to

A)Travel throughout the Mongolian Empire.
B)Be a licensed merchant.
C)Preach as a Franciscan missionary in the empire.
D)Use the postal relay system of roads.
E)Return to Europe.

Question 25

 The Ottomans saw themselves as protectors of

A)The descendents of Chinggis.
B)Jerusalem.
C)Islam by imposing Islam on all new territories.
D)Local society and culture using Islam as the foundation.
E)The Turkic Christian nomad way of life.

Question 26

 One of the reasons Ogodei was allowed to rule over all of Chinggis Khan's empire was because

A)Chinggis requested it.
B)Ogodei defeated his rival at a khuriltai.
C)Ogodei conquered China.
D)Europe agreed to surrender if Ogodei took over.
E)Ogodei bribed his way past all other chiefs.

Question 27

 "They came,they sapped,they burnt,they slew,they plundered,and they departed" was the description Persian historian Juvaini used to describe the Mongol invasion of

A)Japan.
B)Sri Lanka.
C)Transoxiana.
D)India.
E)Egypt.

Question 28

 The defeat of Hulegu's army at Ayn Jalut in 1260 by Mamluks from Egypt was the first defeat of the Mongols in battle and also marks

A)The beginning of the Mongol Empire's conquest of Eygpt.
B)A reorientation of the Mongol Empire to Europe.
C)The end of a unified Mongol Empire.
D)A merger of the Mongols with the Abbasid caliphate.
E)An opportunity for Mongke to conquer more land.

Question 29

 Timur the Lame was a Mongol who spoke what language?

A)Persian.
B)Turkish.
C)Chinese.
D)Arabic.
E)Russian.

Question 30

 The Mongol monetary system involved which of the following?

A)Agents who acted on behalf of their Mongol customers. 
B)The use of designated Central Asian merchants.
C)Buying goods for Mongol customers with cash.
D)The conversion of Mongol plunder into money.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 31

 The principality of Muscovy (Moscow)eventually emerged as the most powerful principality of the Rus principalities because

A)Kiev became the center of the Qipchaq khanate.
B)Moscow continued as the Eastern Orthodox center.
C)Ivan III led a force that brought the Qipchaq khanate to an end.
D)the forces of Kiev were unable to defeat the Rus-Mongol armies for the control of the region.
E)Ivan III joined with the forces of the Il-khanate to oust the Qipchaq khanate.

Question 32

 To be allowed provisions and travel assistance,William of Rubruck pretended to be a/n

A)Missionary.
B)Warrior
C)Goldsmith.
D)Chief.
E)Envoy.

Question 33

 Because of the death of ____,Western Europe was saved from Mongol invasion.

A)The pope.
B)The king of France.
C)Important European envoys to the Mongol court.
D)Ogodei.
E)William of Rubruck.

Question 34

 Although individual rulers in the Qipchaq khanate converted to Islam as early as the 1250s,Islam became the official religion under the reign of

A)Mongke.
B)Hulegu.
C)Ghazan.
D)Arigh Boke.
E)Muhammad Özbeg.

Question 35

 Timur's grandson,Ulugh Beg,had a legacy of patronizing learning and built a/n

A)New Silk Road.
B)Temple to Tengri.
C)Library for Greek texts.
D)New capital.
E)Astronomical observatory.

Question 36

 Ghazan,the great-grandson of Hulegu,converted to ____ in 1295 when he took the throne.

A)Christianity.
B)Shamanism.
C)Buddhism.
D)Islam.
E)Daoism.

Question 37

 One of the courts visited by William of Rubruck was that of Sartakh,Chinggis's

A)Nephew. 
B)Buddhist shaman advisor.
C)Neo-Confucianist counselor.
D)Daughter. 
E)Great-grandson.

Question 38

 Before the fall of the Byzantine Empire,how were the Ottomans able to organize into a power?

A)They benefited by little Mongol presence in Anatolia.
B)Osman emerged as an effective leader who conquered different area in Anatolia
C)From a base in the Dardanelles,they were able to conquer Greece and the Balkans.
D)They claimed to be loyal to the Byzantine Emperor.
E)All of these.

Question 39

 The Ottomans marked the establishment of a major Islamic power in western Asia by 

A)The power that replaced the Mongol khanates in Mongolia.
B)Beginning as a group of Muslim settlers from the steppes of Mongolia.
C)Bringing the Byzantine Empire to an end through the conquest of Constantinople.
D)Having defeated Timur the Lame's army.
E)Paying their soldiers in plunder and conquered land.

Question 40

 Which of the following statements is true in regard to what William of Rubruck found when he traveled to Khara Khorum?

A)The capital was home to a group of international foreigners who had been brought as captives.
B)Captive craftsman were being used to build Khara Khorum. 
C)Mongols learned how to build military machines from the captives.
D)Captives chose to stay with the Mongols because of the high living standard they were given.
E)All of these choices.

Question 41

 The Kangnido map of the world was produced in 1470 in

A)Ming China.
B)Korea.
C)Vietnam.
D)Istanbul.
E)Mongolia.

Question 42

 The Ottomans enjoyed unusual military success because of which of the following?

A)Their policies did not involve plunder.
B)Janissaries became a part of their armies.
C)Improved gunpowder weapons were used. 
D)Farmers were willing to sell to the Ottomans who paid market prices.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.

- Shamans

Question 44

 Zheng He had acquired power by

A)Marrying the Yongle emperor's sister.
B)Working his way through the army.
C)Success as a merchant on the Silk Road.
D)Discovering new land for the Ming to conquer.
E)Successfully leading an expedition to Japan.

Question 45

 The Chinese junks of the Zheng He expeditions with over 300 ships and 20,000 men were

A)used primarily to transport slaves.
B)Set out on voyages of exploration.
C)not mentioned in the writings of Ibn Battuta.
D)used to display the might of the Yongle emperor.
E)not involved in trade outside of the Muslim world.

Question 46

 Which of the following is associated with the Yuan leaders of China,after the death of Khubilai Khan?

A)Spoke and wrote Chinese.
B)Knew little of life on the steppes.
C)Reinstated civil service examinations.
D)Introduced a new Neo-Confucian examination curriculum. 
E)All of these choices. 

Question 47

Please define the following key terms.

- Chinggis Khan

Question 48

 Chinese knowledge of the world had increased since the Mongol era,and by 1470 included knowledge and location of both the Islamic world and

A)Polynesia.
B)North America.
C)Greenland and Iceland.
D)South America.
E)Europe.

Question 49

 Mehmet the Conqueror was able to conquer Constantinople by effectively using

A)Archers.
B)Negotiation.
C)Catapults.
D)Mongol mercenaries.
E)Cannons.

Question 50

 How was the city of Constantinople treated by the Ottomans after its defeat in 1453?

A)It was demolished by conquering Ottoman soldiers.
B)It was transformed from a Christian into a Muslim city.
C)The name of the city was changed to Istanbul to honor the Prophet.
D)Trade was destroyed in the city,causing severe economic depression.
E)Hagia Sophia was destroyed and replaced by a major Islamic mosque.

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.

- Nestorians

Question 52

 The Mongol dynasty,established in China,was named by Khubilai by this Chinese word for "origin" 

A)Jin.
B)Tang.
C)Yuan.
D)Ming.
E)Song.

Question 53

 The Yongle emperor in his lifetime was viewed by many as

A)The emperor who vanquished the Mongols from China.
B)The best military emperor of the Ming dynasty.
C)A usurper.
D)The founder of the Ming Dynasty.
E)The Chinese Christopher Columbus.

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.

- William of Rubruck

Question 55

 Which of the following statements is true of Mongol rule in China?

A)Korea,under the rule of the Koryo dynasty,fell to the Mongols.
B)A peasant rebellion ended the control of the Mongols in China.
C)Local customs were kept,such as the use of a Chinese name for the dynasty.
D)After building a Chinese-type navy,he was able to defeat Southern China.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 56

 Which of the following areas was a part of the Ming empire?

A)Manchuria.
B)Inner Mongolia.
C)Xinjiiang.
D)Tibet.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 57

 As one of Zheng He's men,Fei Xin describes his and other informants' observations in

A)Sumatra.
B)Sri Lanka.
C)Africa.
D)India.
E)Persia.

Question 58

 The Zheng He expeditions

A)Ended in 1433,the same year as the death of Zheng He.
B)Helped to open up trade with east Africa.
C)Were used to ferry pilgrimages to the Holy Land.
D)Were the first open-sea explorations until the European explorations in the 1400s.
E)Left some important first-hand descriptions of South America.

Question 59

 The dynasty that overthrew the Yuan dynasty and drove the Mongols back to their homeland was named the Ming,which means

A)Light or bright.
B)Brave heart.
C)Rising sun.
D)Glorious son.
E)Son of god.

Question 60

 Janissaries were captured ____ who became enslaved soldiers many of whom later became Muslims.

A)Christians.
B)Muslims.
C)Mongols.
D)Ottoman orphans.
E)Persians.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Principality of Muscovy

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- postal relay system

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Pax Mongolica Baghdad

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Yuan

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- Istanbul

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Tanistry

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Transoxiana

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Janissaries

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Mehmed the Conqueror

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Ottomans

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Ogodei

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Il-Khanate

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- Ivan III

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Khara Khorum

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- darughachi

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Khubilai Khan

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Timur the Lame

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Khuriltai

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Uighur 

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Mongke