Deck 15: Maritime Expansion in the Atlantic World, 1400 - 1600

Question 1

 The last Nahua group to migrate to central Mexico called themselves

A)Mexica.
B)Aztec.
C)Toltec.
D)Nahuas.
E)Michaocan.

Answer 1

Mexica.

Question 2

 When the Mexica spoke of offering their gods "precious water," they meant offering

A)lake water.
B)human blood.
C)tequila.
D)semen.
E)tears.

Answer 2

human blood.

Question 3

 Various historical evidence points to the migration of various peoples to central Mexico in about

A)1000.
B)1400.
C)1200.
D)800.
E)500.

Answer 3

1200.

Question 4

 Which of the following statements is true?

A)The trip of Columbus would impact the entire world.
B)Christopher Columbus's patrons were the king and queen of Spain.
C)Columbus's first voyage to the new world landed him on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.
D)The voyages of Columbus connected Europe with the Americas.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 5

 How have archaeologists verified the arrival of the Mexica people to Tenochtitlan?

A)European descriptions.
B)Aztec historical records.
C)Comparative writings of nearby peoples.
D)Excavations.
E)Trade records.

Question 6

 A Mexica warrior

A)would rise up in society if he was successful in battle.
B)assumed the highest place in heaven if he killed an enemy in battle.
C)achieved the greatest honor by giving his god a human sacrifice captured in battle.
D)thought hand-to-hand combat was the most honorable form of warfare.
E)All of these

Question 7

 Which of the following statements is true in regard to early voyages?

A)The Ming voyages impacted the history of Africa.
B)European voyages before 1600,east of Europe,resulted in little new knowledge.
C)The Spanish and Portuguese voyages of the 1400s and 1500s had a marked impact on the future of the world.
D)The history of early Canada was affected by the Viking voyages of 1000.
E)The Viking voyages left a significant cultural impact on the history of North America.

Question 8

 The Mexica Great Speaker could be described as which of the following? 

A)chosen by nobles,priests,and successful warriors.
B)receiving gifts for the people.
C)in charge of relations with other altepetl.
D)the ritual superior of his people.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 9

 According to Columbus,the natives he met

A)used iron weapons.
B)were fully dressed in cotton.
C)seemed overly aggressive.
D)kept the women out of sight.
E)appeared to be timid.

Question 10

 The characteristics of the Aztecs include which of the following? 

A)They lived near present-day Mexico City in Central Mexico.
B)They spoke the Nahuatl language.
C)They had a complex calendrical system.
D)They built large stone monuments.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 11

 The Mexica used a combination of pictures which used images to represent something with the same sound - a writing system which was

A)copied from the Maya.
B)a type of rebus writing.
C)purely pictographic.
D)not associated with sound.
E)not associated with grammar and spelling.

Question 12

 Which of the following statements is true in regard to the history of the Mexica?

A)The sun needed regular offerings of "precious water." 
B)Top Aztec officials came from a royal family.
C)The Aztec wrote on bark or deerskin covered with a limestone plaster.
D)The Nahua writing system served as a trigger to memory.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 13

 Which of the following was one of the duties of the common people to their overlords?

A)Contributing a share of their crop.
B)Performing labor service.
C)Providing victims for human sacrifices. 
D)Paying for goods.
E)All of these choices.

Question 14

 Due to rival altepetl,Tenochtitlan was built of land that was originally

A)desert.
B)swampland.
C)mountainous.
D)grassland.
E)rainforest.

Question 15

 Which of the following statements is true in describing Mexica agriculture?

A)The ox was the most important draft animal.
B)The swampy soil could not provide sufficient food for the people.
C)All corn grinding was done by women.
D)Farming was done solely by slaves.
E)The use of iron-tipped plows was introduced by the Toltec.

Question 16

 An altepetl in the Mexica world of 1300 in Central Mexico was a

A)sacrificial altar.
B)city-state.
C)ballgame court.
D)rain god.
E)dynasty.

Question 17

 The patron god of the Mexica was Huitzilopochtli whose name meant the

A)hummingbird.
B)owl.
C)falcon.
D)golden parrot.
E)grey bat.

Question 18

 Columbus lived for three years in the Madeira Islands,where the Portuguese were using African slaves for

A)mining gold.
B)growing wheat.
C)building ships.
D)growing sugar.
E)mining silver.

Question 19

 Columbus's proposed trial trip involved sailing west across the ____ in search of the Indies.

A)Aegean Sea
B)North Atlantic Ocean
C)Mediterranean Sea
D)Bay of Naples
E)North Sea

Question 20

 Which of the following was a Mexica media of exchange?

A)Gold-dust-filled quills.
B)Cotton cloaks.
C)Cacao beans.
D)Cotton clothing.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 21

 Once chosen as the leader of his peoples,the Sapa Inca

A)ruled for life.
B)could be removed by the aristocracy.
C)chose a wife from the father's side of the family.
D)became a member of the aristocracy.
E)was second in power only to the sun god priest.

Question 22

 The ordinary Incas lived in an ayllu whose characteristics included

A)living in small kin groups.
B)marriage in subgroups. 
C)working land in zones to prevent agricultural disaster.
D)belief in a common ancestor.
E)all of these choices.

Question 23

 In which way were the Inca similar to the Mexica?

A)The empire was developed in the Andes.
B)They practiced human sacrifice.
C)Defeated people were integrated into the empire.
D)Defeated people were often resettled to avoid rebellion.
E)Peoples who had been defeated owed labor and military service to the empire.

Question 24

 Which of the following describes the road system of the Inca?

A)Covered over 25,000 miles.
B)Pre-Inca roads were linked to the Inca road system.
C)Llamas were used to carry some transport.
D)Messengers could travel 150 miles a day. 
E)All of these choices. 

Question 25

 European merchants,primarily from ____,helped to create interest in areas outside of Europe as well as exploration.

A)Paris.
B)London.
C)Constantinople.
D)Madrid.
E)Genoa and Venice.

Question 26

 Which of the following,related to the early explorations of the Portuguese and Spanish,is true?

A)Europeans did not venture beyond the Straits of Gibraltar,fearing a torrid zone.
B)Henry the Navigator led a crusade-type attack to capture a fortress in Morocco.
C)Cartographers lacked the knowledge to indicate many of the newly-found locations on maps.
D)Spain and Portugal felt that natives found in the new areas were not worthy of conversion to Christianity.
E)Slavery was never part of early exploration.

Question 27

 Which of the following was the major weakness of the Aztec Empire?

A)They did not encourage their warriors to fight.
B)They were too busy performing rituals to conquer.
C)They did nothing to incorporate conquered peoples into the empire.
D)They were unable to find enough obsidian to arm a large army.
E)They were unable to grow enough food for the empire.

Question 28

 In 1454,the first book printed in the Europe using moveable type was

A)a bible.
B)Petrarch's poems.
C)a law code.
D)the work of Aristotle.
E)Marco Polo's travels.

Question 29

 Inca rulers were chosen by

A)a tanistry-type system.
B)the sun god priest.
C)being the eldest son.
D)a council of important members from the mother's side.
E)a council of important members from the father's side.

Question 30

 The Inca aristocracy included the

A)Sapa Inca.
B)relatives of previous rulers. 
C)sun god priest.
D)leaders of defeated peoples.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 31

 The Incas resembled the ____ because they treated many of their enemies gently if they surrendered.

A)Mayas.
B)Mongols.
C)Ottomans.
D)Ming dynasty.
E)Jurchens.

Question 32

 Which of the following were the Uru required to give to the Inca for their annual tax service?

A)Fish.
B)Lice.
C)Wood.
D)Wool.
E)Guild.

Question 33

 Which of the following is associated with Inca governance?

A)Not all defeated peoples were treated equally.
B)A main service tax favored large families.
C)Defeated leaders were allowed to continue to serve.
D)Local high leaders could become a part of the Inca government as long as they learned Quechua.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 34

 Henry the Navigator failed to capture the Canary Islands in 1424,but the Portuguese did continue to do what to the natives?

A)Captured and enslaved them.
B)Converted them to Christianity.
C)Burned them off the island.
D)Convinced them to sell their land.
E)Killed them off.

Question 35

 In special cases,like the death of a leader or in times of hardship,the Inca were known to sacrifice many victims the highest recorded number being _____.

A)80,000.
B)two (a young boy and girl).
C)4,000.
D)100.
E)10,000.

Question 36

 One of the earliest female humanists in Venice in the late fifteenth century was ____,

A)Cicero.
B)Petrarch.
C)Plato.
D)Aristotle.
E)Fedele.

Question 37

 The first great Inca ruler in 1438 was

A)Inca Roca.
B)Mayta.
C)Capac Virococha.
D)Pachakuti.
E)Sapa Inca.

Question 38

 Which of the following is associated with printing as it developed in Europe?

A)The first European book printed by moveable type was completed by Gutenberg around 1450.
B)Korea had printed the first book using moveable type in 1403.
C)The Chinese had known about moveable type as early as the eleventh century.
D)European printing was also associated with paper,another Chinese invention.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 39

 Around 1400,the Inca moved into what area that later became their capital?

A)Machu Picchu.
B)Lima.
C)Tumbes
D)Cajamarca.
E)Cuzco.

Question 40

 Inca knowledge of metallurgy extended to

A)creating iron implements.
B)manufacturing iron agricultural tools.
C)the ability to make magnetic needles.
D)the ability to make bronze.
E)light fighting armor.

Question 41

 The Incas eventually fell to Pizarro and his troops because

A)Atahualpa fled to avoid the same fate as Moctezuma.
B)the Inca high priests saw the Spanish as the coming of their own gods.
C)the Spanish had been decimated by malaria.
D)the Spanish refused to negotiate with Atahualpa.
E)the leadership was in disarray because Atahualpa was trying to establish his authority.

Question 42

 What was the initial experience of the Spanish in Tenochtitlan?

A)The natives of the city and the Tlaxcalans fought off a Spanish attempt to take the city.
B)Moctezuma would not allow the Spanish to enter the city.
C)Tenochtitlan seemed abandoned by its natives in fear of the Spanish arms and horses.
D)The Great Speaker Moctezuma allowed the Spanish to enter the city unharmed.
E)Cortés ordered the execution of Moctezuma.

Question 43

 Which of the following are associated with the Columbian exchange? 

A)European diseases crossed both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
B)the exchange of food crops changed the diets of both Europeans and Americans.
C)cattle were successful in the Americas because of large open grasslands.
D)potatoes and corn spread throughout the world,becoming major food sources.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 44

 What convinced Europeans that the torrid zone did not exist?

A)Venetian sailors,who had sailed to Arabia,had no experience with the zone.
B)European geographers,who had read Arabic sources,did not believe in the zone.
C)Columbus's voyages did not encounter torrid or frigid zones.
D)The Portuguese,who sailed past Cape Bojador in 1434,forced many to reconsider the existence of the zone.
E)Henry the Navigator's excursions into Morocco proved the zone did not exist.

Question 45

 Which of the following,related to the encomienda system,are true? 

A)its goal was to prevent abusive treatment of the Amerindians.
B)it was established by the Spanish to organize settlers in the Americas.
C)the system was generally abused by the settlers. 
D)Spanish settlers were to receive labor from Amerindians in exchange for conversion to Christianity.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 46

 In the 1450s Portugal had made arrangements with rulers from northern Senegal to trade what for slaves?

A)Guns.
B)Horses.
C)Books.
D)Wine.
E)Ships.

Question 47

 In 1487 Bartholomew Dias was the first European to

A)enslave Africans from West Africa.
B)establish a sugar plantation in the Canary Islands.
C)sail around the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope.
D)build a caravel style ship.
E)discover that the earth was not flat.

Question 48

 The final fall of Tenochtitlan can be attributed to which of the following? 

A)the death of the Great Speaker. 
B)eighty-day siege of the city.
C)Spanish cannon.
D)100,000 Tlaxcalan troops and a navy.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.

- Nahuatl

Question 50

Please define the following key terms.

- Columbus

Question 51

Please define the following key terms.

- Aztec Empire

Question 52

 The first Catholic order to reach the Aztec in 1524 and the most important missionary order was the

A)Dominicans.
B)Franciscans.
C)Jesuits.
D)Carthusians.
E)Augustinians.

Question 53

 In 1444 Henry the Navigator received slaves from West Africa in a ceremony that included

A)giving slaves to churches and a convent.
B)ordaining a slave as a priest to minister to the other slaves.
C)symbolically sending one slave home to West Africa.
D)accepting the slaves into his house as personal servants.
E)drowning one slave to prevent the others from trying to rebel.

Question 54

 The Treaty of Tordesillas,signed between Spain and Portugal in 1494,

A)was not challenged by the rest of Europe.
B)was rejected by the pope.
C)allowed the various peoples met by the Spanish and Portuguese to govern themselves.
D)rejected slavery.
E)divided newly discovered lands between them but did not apply to any Christian lands.

Question 55

 Before his voyage to the Americas,Columbus believed that he could sail west from Iberia and reach what destination directly?

A)China.
B)India.
C)Japan.
D)Caribbean.
E)Australia

Question 56

 The Portuguese occupied Madeira in 1454 and established plantations to grow

A)rubber.
B)tea.
C)sugar.
D)tobacco.
E)wheat.

Question 57

 Why was Malinché crucial to Cortés in his conquest of Mexico?

A)She was given to Cortés as a gift and became an important advisor.
B)She was a former Nahua noblewoman,brought up among the Mayan.
C)Knowing Nahuatl,Mayan,and Spanish,she acted as an interpreter.
D)She held the respect of the Nahua peoples.
E)All of these.

Question 58

 Columbus was given titles of admiral of the ocean sea and viceroy by Ferdinand and Isabella and entitled to keep how much of any precious metals and spices he discovered?

A)One-half.
B)One-tenth.
C)One-fourth.
D)All.
E)None.

Question 59

 Which of the following was a cause for the rapid defeat of powerful Amerindian empires by the Spanish and Portuguese in the New World?

A)Aztec enemies allied with the Spanish.
B)A new Sapa Inca had not solidified his power.
C)Europeans had guns and horses.
D)The Aztec weapons were no match for the Spanish.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 60

 In which way can it be said that the voyage of Columbus was one of exploration,when compared to the voyage of Zheng He?

A)The Chinese had detailed maps of where they were going,while Columbus did not.
B)While Columbus had never been to the Americas,the Chinese followed a route traveled by Chinese traders.
C)Columbus and the Iberians had more motivation because they were small,whereas China was rich.
D)The Chinese ships were technologically superior but not designed for exploration.
E)All of these.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Altepetl

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Quetzalcoatl

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Moveable Type

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Great Speaker

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- Henry the Navigator

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Tenochtitlan

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Gutenberg

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Cuzco

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Cassandra Fedele 

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Quipu

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Humanism

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Sapa Inca

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- Madeira Islands

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Inca Empire

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- Ayllu

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Precious Water

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Canary Islands

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Storehouses

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Cape Bojador 

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Portuguese Slave Trade