Deck 13: Chromosomes

Question 1

In the earliest karyotypes,chromosomes were distinguished by

A) specific size order.
B) general size classes.
C) banding patterns.
D) DNA probes to specific DNA sequences.
E) stage of the cell cycle.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Chromosome microarray analysis is used to detect _________ in a fetus.

A) gender
B) intelligence
C) chromosome number
D) copy number variants
E) the number of protein-encoding genes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The centromere of human chromosome 15 creates a long arm and a very short arm.Therefore,this chromosome is

A) telocentric.
B) acrocentric.
C) submetacentric.
D) metacentric.
E) nanocentric.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which maternal serum marker pattern indicates increased risk of Down syndrome in a fetus?

A) deficient hCG and inhibin A and elevated AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A Progesterone and testosterone
B) elevated hCG, inhibin A, AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein
C) deficient hCG, inhibin A, AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein
D) elevated hCG and inhibin A and deficient AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A
E) elevated cholesterol and presenilin 1 and deficient insulin

Question 5

Human males have ___ types of chromosomes.

A) 2
B) 23
C) 24
D) 46
E) 12

Question 6

The satellite regions that distinguish chromosomes 13,14,15,21 and 22 are

A) primarily euchromatin.
B) proteins that stabilize the chromosomes.
C) located near the centromere.
D) repeated genes that encode ribosomal RNAs and proteins.
E) unique sequence genes that are essential for chromosome integrity.

Question 7

Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are

A) centromeres.
B) euchromatin.
C) telomeres.
D) satellites.
E) DNA hubs.

Question 8

Chromosomes in karyotypes are arranged and ordered by

A) gene density.
B) telomere length.
C) centromere position.
D) length.
E) width.

Question 9

The area between the protein-encoding rich part of a chromosome and called a

A) submetacentric.
B) subtelomere.
C) subcentromere.
D) subchromatin.
E) euchromomere.

Question 10

Spindle fibers (microtubules)attach to a chromosome's _______ during mitosis.

A) centromere
B) telomere
C) genomere
D) euchromatin
E) tips

Question 11

The DNA sequence that is repeated many times in a telomere is

A) GAGTCT.
B) UUAGGG.
C) AAUCCC.
D) AATCCC.
E) TTAGGG.

Question 12

Which type of cell could not be used for karyotyping?

A) red blood cell
B) white blood cell
C) fibroblast
D) skin cell
E) fetal

Question 13

A chromosome consists of

A) mostly protein and RNA with a small amount of DNA.
B) mostly DNA and proteins with a small amount of RNA.
C) about equal proportions of DNA, RNA, and protein.
D) DNA only.
E) mostly DNA and RNA and a small amount of protein.

Question 14

CVS cannot detect inborn errors of metabolism because

A) it does not sample amniotic fluid.
B) it is done too early in the pregnancy.
C) it is done too late in the pregnancy.
D) they are not detectable until after the birth.
E) the sample can become contaminated with urine.

Question 15

Amniocentesis cannot be used to detect fetal

A) gender.
B) intelligence.
C) chromosomal abnormalities.
D) biochemicals that indicate an inborn error of metabolism.
E) total chromosome number.

Question 16

To observe chromosomes,they must be

A) actively transcribing all of their genes.
B) actively transcribing some of their genes.
C) condensed.
D) in interphase.
E) contained in the nucleus.

Question 17

The area of genetics that links traits,including illnesses,to chromosome variations is

A) population genetics.
B) transmission genetics.
C) cytogenetics.
D) evolutionary genetics.
E) personal genetics.

Question 18

A chromosome with two arms of about equal length is called

A) telocentric.
B) acrocentric.
C) metacentric.
D) dicentric.
E) paracentric.

Question 19

The first known sketches of human chromosomes were drawn in

A) 1776.
B) 1814.
C) 1882.
D) 1951.
E) 2001.

Question 20

Chorionic villus sampling differs from amniocentesis in that for CVS

A) cells must first be cultured.
B) biochemical tests can be performed on the sample.
C) a karyotype is prepared directly from collected cells.
D) cells do not directly descend from the fertilized ovum.
E) the pregnant woman must be past her 12^th week of pregnancy.

Question 21

CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 47,XYY.What is the diagnosis?

A) normal male
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Edward syndrome
D) Jacobs syndrome
E) Down syndrome

Question 22

________ syndrome can only result from non-disjunction in the male and female.

A) YO
B) XO
C) XXY
D) XXX
E) XXYY syndrome

Question 23

_______ are illustrations that show chromosome arm and major regions.

A) Ideograms
B) Chromatograms
C) Polygrams
D) Anagrams
E) DNA sequence charts

Question 24

Only nine types of aneuploids are known in newborns because

A) only nine chromosomes undergo nondisjunction.
B) most types of aneuploids are lethal early in development.
C) most aneuploids do not cause detectable defects.
D) missing chromosomes cause most lethal aneuploids.
E) most aneuploids do not affect the phenotype.

Question 25

In humans,the most frequently seen autosomal aneuploid is

A) monosomy 21.
B) trisomy 13.
C) trisomy 18.
D) trisomy 21.
E) tetraploidy.

Question 26

A karyotype with an extra set of chromosomes indicates

A) aneuploidy.
B) polyploidy.
C) diploidy.
D) haploidy.
E) paraploidy.

Question 27

Cri-du-Chat syndrome is caused by a

A) reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 20.
B) paracentric inversion of chromosome 21.
C) deletion of part of chromosome 5.
D) non-reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21
E) an extra set of chromosomes.

Question 28

Which of these have never been observed in a viable human birth?

A) YO male
B) XO female
C) XXY male
D) XXX female
E) XY male.

Question 29

CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 47,XX,+21.What is the diagnosis?

A) normal female
B) Edward syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Down syndrome
E) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 30

Cells that have an extra 21^st chromosome are

A) tetrasomic.
B) triploid.
C) haploid.
D) trisomic.
E) tetraploid.

Question 31

A man with trisomy 21 could pass Down syndrome to offspring if he

A) produces sperm that have two copies of chromosome 21.
B) produces sperm lacking chromosome 21.
C) also has Turner syndrome.
D) is a carrier of a deletion for chromosome 21.
E) drinks too much alcohol just before the child is conceived.

Question 32

CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 45,X.What is the diagnosis?

A) normal male
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Patau syndrome
E) Down syndrome

Question 33

People with Turner syndrome have which chromosome constitution?

A) XX
B) XXY
C) XO
D) XXX
E) YO

Question 34

A person who is 46,XX is a

A) chromosomally normal female.
B) chromosomally abnormal female.
C) chromosomally normal male.
D) chromosomally abnormal male.
E) female with trisomy 21 Down syndrome.

Question 35

Most males born with an extra Y chromosome

A) die shortly before or after birth.
B) are violent and anti-social.
C) are tall but are otherwise normal.
D) are phenotypically female.
E) are genotypically female.

Question 36

The meiotic error that results in aneuploid cells is

A) crossing over.
B) nondisjunction.
C) recombination.
D) unequal segregation.
E) mosaicism.

Question 37

Aneuploidy may occur in some cells of an individual if nondisjunction happens in

A) an early embryo.
B) a sperm cell.
C) an oocyte.
D) a skin cell in an adult.
E) a polar body.

Question 38

Polyploidy can result when

A) a translocation occurs between two chromosomes.
B) one pair of homologous chromosomes does not separate during meiosis.
C) a developing gamete is haploid.
D) a haploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg.
E) two ring chromosomes are lost.

Question 39

A cell that has three copies of every chromosome is

A) euploid.
B) diploid.
C) triploid.
D) aneuploid.
E) tetraploid.

Question 40

People with Klinefelter syndrome have which chromosome constitution?

A) XXY
B) XY
C) YO
D) XXX
E) XO

Question 41

Uniparental disomy explains

A) a person with dwarfism who has autosomal dominant achondroplasia born to parents of normal height.
B) some cases of severe blood infections.
C) a new mutation in which a child has a condition that no other relative has.
D) a child with an autosomal recessive condition who has one wild type parent and one carrier parent.
E) a child with an autosomal dominant condition who has two carrier parents.

Question 42

A karyotype that uses FISH that shows two chromosomes,each with two colors,but in the opposite patterns,most likely indicates a

A) Robertsonian translocation.
B) pericentric inversion.
C) paracentric inverson.
D) reciprocal translocation.
E) isochromosome.

Question 43

The type of chromosome abnormality that yields a long chromosome consisting of most of two acrocentric chromosomes is a(n)

A) Robertsonian translocation.
B) pericentric inversion.
C) paracentric inverson.
D) reciprocal translocation.
E) isochromosome.

Question 44

A chromosome that results when the centromere splits in the wrong plane during meiosis,forming identical arms,is a(n)

A) ring chromosome.
B) metachromosome.
C) parachromosome.
D) isochromosome.
E) tetraploid chromosome.

Question 45

Uniparental disomy results when a child inherits

A) two recessive alleles for the same gene, one from each parent.
B) two alleles for the same gene from one parent.
C) one recessive allele from one parent.
D) more than two alleles for the same gene from one parent.
E) a recessive allele.

Question 46

A chromsomal inversion that does not include the centromere is

A) epicentric.
B) paracentric.
C) metacentric.
D) isocentric.
E) pericentric.