Deck 1: Overview of Genetics

Question 1

The number of copies of our genome in most of our cells is __.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A single nucleotide polymorphism is

A) an individual's genotype for a particular trait.
B) a single base site in the genome that varies among individuals in a population.
C) a single copy of a gene.
D) a gene that is expressed differently in males and females.
E) the DNA base that begins a gene.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In general,RNA molecules

A) comprise the chromosomes.
B) use the information in specific DNA sequences to construct proteins.
C) use the information in specific proteins to construct DNA molecules.
D) entwine with DNA molecules to encode proteins.
E) form double helices that encode DNA sequences.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The field that investigates the different proteins in specialized cell types is

A) genomics.
B) proteomics.
C) proteolysis.
D) proctology.
E) probiotics.

Question 5

A genotype refers to

A) particular allele combinations.
B) expression patterns of certain genes.
C) the environmental components of a trait.
D) the number of chromosomes that a person has.
E) the size of a person's genome.

Question 6

The complete genetic material of an organism is its

A) genome.
B) chromosome.
C) phenotype.
D) genotype.
E) proteome.

Question 7

An estimated _____ DNA base pairs comprise the human genome.

A) 32,000
B) 320,000
C) 3.2 million
D) 3.2 billion
E) 3.2 trillion

Question 8

In which choice are the entries listed from smallest to largest?

A) Cell - genome - gene - DNA building block
B) DNA building block - gene - chromosome - genome
C) DNA building block - RNA building block - protein
D) Gene - cell - DNA - genome
E) Chromosome - genome - cell - DNA building block

Question 9

One way to study the human genome is to

A) determine the twisting patterns of the two sides of the double helix.
B) determine the sequence of sugars and phosphates.
C) determine the DNA sequence.
D) conduct a phenotype-wide association study.
E) mix the genomes of two individuals.

Question 10

Variants of a gene are called

A) nucleotides.
B) genotypes.
C) phenotypes.
D) alleles.
E) single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Question 11

A human body has about _________ cells.

A) 3.2 billion
B) 20,600
C) 50 to 100 trillion
D) 10 to 100 million
E) a quadrillion

Question 12

Genetics is the study of

A) variation of inherited traits.
B) how organisms reproduce.
C) how life originated.
D) how the environment causes disease.
E) the chemical composition of cells.

Question 13

A chart that displays paired chromosomes in size order is a

A) pedigree.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) genotree.
E) genome.

Question 14

Gene expression profiles of different cell types reflect different sets of

A) genes.
B) mRNAs.
C) proteins.
D) genomes.
E) SNPs.

Question 15

A change in a gene's DNA sequence is a(n)

A) allele.
B) genotype.
C) nucleotide.
D) mutation.
E) genome.

Question 16

Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes.

A) 16
B) 23
C) 38
D) 46
E) 32

Question 17

A human cell has

A) 22 pairs of sex chromosomes and one pair of autosomes.
B) 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
C) 23 pairs of autosomes.
D) 23 pairs of autosomes and a pair of Y chromosomes.
E) 46 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 18

A variant in a DNA sequence present in at least 1% of a population is a(n)

A) polymorphism.
B) micromutation.
C) macromutation.
D) allele.
E) genome.

Question 19

In a study,3,794 of 4,000 people who have acne have a particular set of SNPs.Only 184 of 3,984 people who do not have acne,but are otherwise similar to the people with acne,have that SNP pattern.Therefore,these parts of the genome with this SNP pattern may include genes whose products affect the skin.This investigation is an example of a

A) genome sequencing experiment.
B) genome-wide association study.
C) genome-wide mutation study.
D) gene expression profile.
E) pharmacogenomics study.

Question 20

The largest autosome is

A) the Y chromosome.
B) the X chromosome.
C) chromosome 22.
D) chromosome 1.
E) chromosome 14.

Question 21

A test performed on secretions on a piece of fabric left at a crime scene that is used to implicate an apprehended suspect is

A) DNA replication.
B) RNA transcription.
C) DNA profiling.
D) DNA sharing.
E) gene expression profiling.

Question 22

DNA profiling has been used to

A) identify victims of terrorist attacks and natural disasters.
B) cure metabolic diseases caused by mutations in single genes.
C) treat male infertility.
D) predict how children will do in school.
E) predict if someone will develop cancer.

Question 23

A melon that has been altered to produce a protein normally made only in a cabbage is

A) transformed.
B) transgenic.
C) genomic.
D) transgendered.
E) recessive.

Question 24

Biotechnology grew out of

A) veterinary medicine.
B) human health care.
C) civil engineering.
D) psychology.
E) agriculture.

Question 25

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act defines a genetic test as an analysis of

A) human DNA, RNA, proteins, or chromosomes.
B) blood or saliva.
C) a person's stem cells.
D) a person's cancer cells.
E) fats, carbohydrates, or proteins.

Question 26

Sequencing all the DNA in the fluid that leaks from the bottom of a garbage can is an example of

A) stem cell science.
B) gene expression profiling.
C) metagenomics.
D) DNA profiling.
E) prenatal diagnosis.

Question 27

Shawn's mother and Heather's mother are sisters.Shawn and Heather have __ of their genes in common.

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16
E) 1/32

Question 28

A trait or disorder that is multifactorial is

A) present in more than one family member.
B) found only in one part of the world.
C) caused by one or more genes plus environmental influences.
D) caused by a single gene, with no environmental input.
E) seen in only males or females.

Question 29

One way that single-gene diseases differ from other diseases is that

A) they most often affect people late in life.
B) they affect consecutive generations.
C) they occur at the same frequency in every population.
D) they are not treatable.
E) it is possible to predict occurrence in specific relatives.

Question 30

The distinction between mutations and gene expression is that

A) mutations affect only autosomes and gene expression affects only sex chromosomes.
B) mutations are dangerous and gene expression promotes health.
C) mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, whereas gene expression refers to the extent to which a gene is transcribed and translated, producing protein.
D) gene expression refers to changes in the DNA sequence, whereas mutation refers to the processes of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein synthesis.
E) mutations occur in RNA and gene expression affects DNA.

Question 31

Nacho suffers from terrible migraine headaches.He enters a clinical trial to test whether certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)are associated with response to one drug but not another.This is an approach called

A) gene therapy.
B) pharmacogenomics.
C) genetic determinism.
D) applied pharmacology.
E) genotherapy.

Question 32

A gene pool consists of all the alleles in a(n)

A) population.
B) individual.
C) family.
D) neighborhood.
E) nation.

Question 33

Cells differentiate by

A) expressing different subsets of genes.
B) expressing the entire genome, then silencing some genes.
C) dividing.
D) activating all of the DNA that encodes protein.
E) becoming stem cells.

Question 34

The difference between phenotype and genotype is that

A) phenotype refers to the genetic instructions and genotype to their expression.
B) genotype refers to the genetic instructions and phenotype to their expression.
C) the phenotype is RNA and the genotype is DNA.
D) the phenotype is DNA and the genotype is RNA.
E) the phenotype appears before the genotype is set.

Question 35

Constructing a "diseasome" is a way to connect diseases that share certain gene expression patterns.A goal of this approach is to

A) cure cancer.
B) identify new drug targets.
C) cure all diseases that involve the same set of genes.
D) discover how our long-ago ancestors were related.
E) determine which populations have which diseases.

Question 36

Neka is part Native American.He has several relatives who have alcoholism.Neka takes a direct-to-consumer genetic test panel and discovers that he has inherited gene variants that are associated with increased risk of alcoholism.He reports these facts during an interview for purchasing a life insurance policy,because he thinks that the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act will protect him from being denied life insurance based on results of a genetic test.Alas,Neka is denied coverage,because

A) the law does not protect Native Americans.
B) the law does not protect people of mixed lineage.
C) the law only applies to health insurance and employers, not life insurance.
D) the law does not apply to direct-to-consumer tests.
E) GINA does not take effect until 2014.

Question 37

Body weight must be a multifactorial trait because

A) it is obviously inherited.
B) it responds to lifestyle changes.
C) it is within a certain range.
D) it is inherited to an extent, but can be altered by diet and/or exercise.
E) it varies greatly.

Question 38

The study of DNA,RNA,and proteins constitutes

A) transmission genetics.
B) molecular genetics.
C) population genetics.
D) evolutionary genetics.
E) primate genetics.

Question 39

The four basic tissue types are

A) blood cells, skin cells, neurons, and muscle cells.
B) DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids.
C) adipose cells, muscle cells, bone cells, and sex cells.
D) connective tissue, epithelium, muscle, and nervous tissue.
E) the stomach, the small intestine, the liver, and the pancreas.