Deck 21: Reproductive Technologies

Question 1

The fertility drug clomiphene causes a woman to

A) produce more oocytes.
B) ovulate more than one oocyte a month.
C) ovulate more than one time a month.
D) have only one menstrual period a year.
E) conceive.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Frozen human sperm were first used to conceive a child in

A) 1910.
B) 1953.
C) 1969.
D) 1978.
E) 1993.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Infertility and spontaneous abortion increase with age primarily due to

A) uterine fibroids.
B) endometriosis.
C) highly acidic or basic vaginal secretions.
D) higher production of oocytes with abnormal chromosome numbers.
E) blocked uterine tubes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Infertility affects around one in ____ males.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100
E) 4

Question 5

An ejaculate containing up to __ percent abnormal spermatocytes is considered normal.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 45
E) 50

Question 6

_______ places sperm into a woman's reproductive tract to fertilize an oocyte.

A) Sperm washing
B) Intrauterine insemination
C) GIFT
D) IVF
E) Gene therapy

Question 7

The minimum requirement from a male to make fertilization possible is

A) 400 million spermatocytes in at least 20 liters of seminal fluid.
B) 60 million spermatocytes in at least 250,000 milliliters of seminal fluid.
C) a million spermatocytes per 250,000 milliliters of seminal fluid.
D) 100,000 sperm in any volume of seminal fluid.
E) determined by the ethnic group of the man.
F) unknown.

Question 8

Currently in the United States,approximately _______ couples have difficulty conceiving a child.

A) 1 in 6
B) 1 in 30
C) 1 in 100
D) 1 in 200
E) 1 in 4,000

Question 9

An ectopic pregnancy results when

A) more than one sperm fertilizes an oocyte.
B) an oocyte that has not been fertilized implants in the uterus.
C) more than one oocyte is fertilized.
D) a fertilized ovum begins to develop in the uterine tube.
E) a fertilized ovum begins to develop while attached to the cervix.

Question 10

Which of the following contributes to subfertility?

A) regular menstrual cycles
B) high sperm counts
C) being under 30 years of age
D) balanced hormones
E) oligospermia.

Question 11

For a healthy woman under age 30 with regular menstrual periods and having sex regularly but not using birth control,pregnancy typically occurs

A) in two weeks.
B) in one month.
C) in three or four months.
D) at any point after six months.
E) in about one year.

Question 12

Zach undergoes a sperm analysis and is upset to learn that he has oligospermia.This means that

A) he has a sexually transmitted disease.
B) he has cancer of the spermatogonia, and his sperm will never mature.
C) he makes too many sperm, and they will crowd and kill each other.
D) he makes too few sperm, lowering the probability of one sperm successfully reaching and fertilizing an oocyte.
E) his sperm have two heads, each of which contains an entire genome of DNA, making them too heavy to swim to an oocyte.

Question 13

Sperm may be "washed" prior to intrauterine insemination to remove

A) seminal fluid to prevent irritation of the woman's tissues.
B) sperm tails to enhance movement.
C) bacteria and debris to prevent infection.
D) the man's HLA antigens to prevent rejection by the woman's immune system.
E) excess DNA to prevent aneuploidy.

Question 14

Irregular ovulation may result from a hormonal imbalance that is caused by

A) a tumor in the seminiferous tubules.
B) an overactive thyroid gland.
C) frequent migraine headaches.
D) underproduction of prolactin.
E) a tumor in the ovary or pituitary.

Question 15

Antibodies from the male that coat the sperm may impair fertility by

A) preventing sperm binding to oocytes.
B) stretching out the acrosome until the sperm cell bursts.
C) causing point mutations in the male genome.
D) inducing an autoimmune reaction in the female.
E) causing sperm to clump together.

Question 16

A woman has a child using intrauterine insemination.The woman is the child's

A) gestational mother only.
B) genetic mother only.
C) gestational and genetic mother.
D) gestational and surrogate mother.
E) clone.

Question 17

A normal sperm count is ____ sperm per ejaculate.

A) 10,000 - 50,000
B) 100,000 - 500,000
C) 1-2 million
D) 20 to 200 million
E) 1 to 3 billion

Question 18

Excess tissue growing in the uterine lining is called

A) hemorrhoids.
B) pelvic inflammatory disease.
C) endometriosis.
D) an ectopic pregnancy.
E) fallopianitis.

Question 19

Lisa and Jack Nash obtained compatible stem cells that cured their young daughter Molly's Fanconi anemia by

A) allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on the affected cells.
B) allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on her germ cells.
C) using umbilical cord stem cells from an unrelated donor.
D) using umbilical cord stem cells from a younger sibling, who was conceived and selected for this purpose.
E) sampling a cell from Molly's skin, replacing the Fanconi anemia gene with a wild type gene from Molly's brother, growing compatible blood, then infusing it into Molly.

Question 20

Which of the following is an assisted reproductive technology?

A) producing human insulin in bacteria
B) a couple conceive using sperm from a sperm bank
C) a man donates part of his liver to his daughter, who has cystic fibrosis
D) a woman has breast reduction surgery to alleviate back pain
E) a boy with a form of hereditary blindness receives injections of the wild type gene in his retinas to restore his vision

Question 21

A woman who has a baby via embryo adoption is her child's

A) genetic mother only.
B) gestational mother only.
C) genetic and gestational mother.
D) gestational and surrogate mother.
E) clone.

Question 22

The logic behind polar body biopsy is based on

A) Darwin's theory of natural selection.
B) Mendel's law of segregation.
C) Mendel's law of independent assortment.
D) the rules of the genetic code.
E) the idea that the alleles in a polar body are the same as those in the oocyte to which it was attached.

Question 23

Which of the following techniques is most likely to lead to heteroplasmy?

A) cytoplasmic donation
B) embryo adoption
C) oocyte donation
D) in vitro fertilization
E) preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 24

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A) intrauterine insemination; donated sperm is placed in the woman's reproductive tract
B) in vitro fertilization; fertilization occurs in a laboratory dish
C) ICSI; DNA from an immobile sperm is injected into an oocyte
D) GIFT; fertilization occurs in a laboratory dish
E) surrogate mother; a woman with a healthy uterus carries a pregnancy for a woman whose uterus has been removed.

Question 25

The fact that the live birth rate from older mothers using oocytes in IVF from much younger women is much higher than from older mothers using their own oocytes indicates that the age effects on reproductive success reflect

A) the oocyte source.
B) the uterus source.
C) the age of the father.
D) the sperm count.
E) how many other children a couple has.

Question 26

A woman who is infertile because she lacks ovaries would benefit most from

A) intrauterine insemination.
B) GIFT.
C) ZIFT.
D) embryo adoption.
E) in vivo gene therapy.

Question 27

The procedure in which fertilization takes place in a laboratory dish and the resulting zygote is placed in the woman's uterine tube is called

A) embryo transfer.
B) ZIFT.
C) RhoGAM.
D) GIFT.
E) in vivo fertilization.

Question 28

Some cases of male infertility are due to immature sperm or sperm that cannot readily penetrate an oocyte.For these individuals,fertilization can still be accomplished using

A) CVS.
B) IVF.
C) ICSI.
D) GIFT.
E) a surrogate father.

Question 29

Darnell and Tinaka are each carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder that is lethal in early childhood.They want to have a child who is free of the disease,so they have preimplantation genetic diagnosis.Unfortunately,their child has the disease.A scientific explanation is that

A) the blastomere that was tested had undergone a somatic mutation, making it not representative of the rest of the embryo.
B) Darnell was not really the father.
C) the 7 cells of the remaining embryo each underwent a mutation, so the sampled cell was not representative.
D) Darnell or Tinaka is really homozygous recessive, and not heterozygous.
E) a technician mixed up the embryos.

Question 30

_______ was the first "test tube baby."

A) Louise Joy Brown
B) Adam Nash
C) J. Craig Venter
D) Lauren Woodward
E) Chloe O'Brien

Question 31

A man who is paralyzed from a spinal cord injury might become a father using

A) IVF.
B) a surrogate mother.
C) intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
D) intrauterine insemination.
E) ex vivo gene therapy.

Question 32

_______ uses a blastomere biopsy to obtain a cell to test for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

A) Cytoplasmic donation
B) Intrauterine insemination
C) Oocyte donation
D) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
E) Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 33

A surrogate mother can help couples have a child when the woman does not have a functional

A) uterine tube.
B) vagina.
C) cervix.
D) uterus.
E) endocrine system.

Question 34

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)screens _______ for genetic disorders.

A) oocytes
B) spermatocytes
C) polar bodies
D) early embryos
E) spermatids

Question 35

An example of the type of information that can be learned by research using donated human fertilized ova and embryos is

A) when talents such as musical ability or excellence in languages arise in the fetus.
B) when the genome in the new individual becomes actively transcribed.
C) when the brain begins to function and the embryo can think and feel pain.
D) how human prenatal development differs from that of other animals.
E) a man with XXY syndrome not only makes abnormal sperm, but also embryos.

Question 36

A procedure that places an oocyte and sperm in a culture dish,allows a few cell divisions,and then places the resulting very early embryo in the oocyte donor's uterus is

A) IVF.
B) intrauterine insemination.
C) surrogate insemination.
D) GIFT.
E) ex vivo gene therapy.

Question 37

In gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT),fertilization occurs in

A) the uterus.
B) a culture dish.
C) a uterine tube.
D) a testis.
E) the ovary.

Question 38

Freezing oocytes has not been very successful because

A) they undergo an extra meiosis.
B) the woman can become dangerously cold.
C) ice crystals can form in the abundant, watery cytoplasm.
D) the nuclei shatter.
E) the oocyte turns into a polar body.