Deck 19: The Atlantic System: Africa, the Americas, and Europe, 1550 - 1807

Question 1

 Which nation in Africa had a long history with the Eastern Orthodox branch of the Christian world,long before the coming of the Portuguese?

A)Ethiopia.
B)Kongo.
C)Rwanda.
D)Buganda.
E)Niger.

Answer 1

Ethiopia.

Question 2

 One of the areas that provided African-Islam contact involved Fort Jesus in Mombasa on the Swahili Coast,which witnessed competition between the Sultan of Oman and

A)Persia.
B)China.
C)India.
D)Portugal.
E)the Dutch.

Answer 2

Portugal.

Question 3

 In the seventeenth century,the native Khoisan peoples of South Africa were devastated by

A)cholera.
B)smallpox.
C)syphilis.
D)influenza.
E)Bubonic plague.

Answer 3

smallpox.

Question 4

 In the Great Lakes Region of east-central Africa,what crop was introduced that led to agricultural surplus?

A)Barley.
B)Plantains.
C)Wheat.
D)Sugar.
E)Millet.

Question 5

 Kimpa Vita,a powerful female example of religious syncretism,  claimed to be visited by

A)St.Paul.
B)St.Peter.
C)St.Anthony.
D)Virgin Mary.
E)John the Baptist.

Question 6

 In the Great Lakes area of Africa,wealth was associated with

A)Land.
B)The number of wives a man could support.
C)Cattle.
D)The number of children in a household.
E)Slaves captured or purchased.

Question 7

 The most basic relationship that tied the African,American,and European societies together and characterized the Atlantic system was

A)religious.
B)the creation of an empire.
C)the search for a Northwest Passage to the Far East.
D)scientific knowledge.
E)economic.

Question 8

 As a source,Equiano's Interesting Narrative has been disputed because

A)there are some doubts that he was ever a slave.
B)his literacy is in doubt.
C)he may not have been African.
D)it is possible he fabricated the early sections.
E)there is no evidence that he even existed.

Question 9

 While slavery flourished in regions as diverse as the Brazilian tropics and the rocky shore of Nova Scotia,the fate of most Africans sent to the Americas in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was tied to the

A)tobacco and cotton plantations in North America.
B)lumbering investments in Brazil.
C)sugar plantations of the West Indies.
D)gold mines of Mexico.
E)silver mines in Peru.

Question 10

 Before the intense involvement with Europeans,most African policies relied nearly universally on what type of system as a foundation for decision making?

A)Clan elders.
B)Military power.
C)Wealth.
D)Democracy.
E)Monarchies.

Question 11

 Kimpa Vita was captured by rivals and tried for heresy and burnt at the stake because she

A)was against the Jesuit missionaries.
B)wanted the people of the Kongo to unite under a new king.
C)attracted many Muslims to her doctrines.
D)claimed that the capital San Salvador was evil and ordered it burned to the ground.
E)claimed that Christ and the apostles were black men who had lived and died in the Kongo.

Question 12

 African history does not have any ancient connections to

A)the Red Sea.
B)Asia.
C)the Indian Ocean.
D)the Americas.
E)Europe.

Question 13

 The Sahel,a diffusion point for Islam in West Africa,is an arid region found ____ the Sahara Desert.

A)north of
B)east of
C)surrounding
D)west of
E)south of

Question 14

 The Triangular Trade did which of the following? 

A)sent Africans to the Americas.
B)all of the answers are correct.
C)sent sugar from the Americas to Europe.
D)financed and stimulated investments in the Americas.
E)exported manufactured goods from Europe to the Americas.

Question 15

 How many Africans are estimated to have been transported out of Africa into slavery between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries?

A)One million.
B)Twelve million.
C)Twenty million.
D)Five million.
E)Two million.

Question 16

 The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano was unique for its time because it

A)was an African description of slavery.
B)was a first-hand narrative about a slave-ship captain.
C)documents the church's attitude about the slave issue.
D)describes a slave rebellion.
E)is a description of an African village after a slave raid.

Question 17

 Which of the following describes the connection between the African Songhai Empire and Islam?

A)The Askias' patronage of Islamic arts and sciences.
B)The Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu.
C)Songhai Muslim's hajj to Mecca.
D)Attraction of many Islamic scholars to Timbuktu's libraries and bookstores.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 18

 What is mentioned in Olaudah's description of a ship's human cargo?

A)Cries of the dying slaves.
B)Use of heavy chains that held the captive Africans.
C)All of the answers are correct. 
D)A stench that was overpowering.
E)Overcrowded conditions.

Question 19

 Calvinism was introduced into South Africa by the

A)Dutch.
B)Prussians.
C)French Bourbons.
D)Egyptians.
E)English.

Question 20

 A focal point of African Islam was the Sahel whose trade and economy involved which of the following?

A)grain.
B)all of the answers are correct.
C)cattle.
D)trans-Saharan trade.
E)rainforest products.

Question 21

 Slave religion was the area where Africans could best resist the torment of slavery by

A)refusing to be converted into Christianity.
B)transferring their African religion in total to the Americas.
C)transforming African gods into Catholic saints.
D)ignoring preachers' sermons that emphasized obedience.
E)translating the Bible into various African languages.

Question 22

 Which of the following statements is true?

A)All of the answers are correct. 
B)A society with slaves is one in which slavery is not at the very heart of the social order and economic life.
C)Many societies allow for slavery but without having it as the central means of order or producing goods.
D)Brazil was a slave society.
E)A slave society is one in which slavery is the very heart of the social and economic life.

Question 23

 The economic geography of West Africa began a slow,long-term shift away from the ____ and toward the coast.

A)North Africa areas
B)sub-Saharan areas
C)Niger River
D)interior
E)East Coast

Question 24

 Runaway slaves in North America were most likely to pursue safety with Amerindian populations.Such was the case when Africans assimilated with Creek society in

A)Spanish Florida.
B)British Jamaica.
C)Dutch Surinam.
D)French Louisiana.
E)British Georgia.

Question 25

 Slavery had always been a part of human history,but how was it different by the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

A)There was increased cruelty.
B)Only males had been used in early slave societies.
C)Slaves had always been able to achieve freedom.
D)Early slavery did not involve Africans.
E)It shifted from "societies with slaves" to "slave societies."

Question 26

 What advantage did the Africans have that turned out to become a tragic disadvantage for them?

A)Resistance to European and tropical diseases.
B)Willingness to convert to Islam and Christianity.
C)Desire to move to the Americas.
D)Resistance to American diseases.
E)Passive natures.

Question 27

 What was the fate of Asante Kingdom prisoners of war before the rise of the Atlantic slave trade?

A)Prisoner exchange.
B)All of the answers are correct. 
C)Exchange of payment.
D)Integration into Asante households as servants.
E)Redemption for ransom.

Question 28

 From 1680 to 1720,despite importing 50,000 new slaves,the population of Africans in the Caribbean

A)increased as additional slaves were imported.
B)decreased as harsh work and infertility took its toll.
C)increased as female slaves had children.
D)decreased as slaves ran away.
E)increased as Africans and Amerindians mixed,strengthening the gene pool.

Question 29

 Manumission was least common in

A)British North America.
B)Brazil.
C)the Dutch West Indies.
D)Mexico.
E)the Caribbean islands.

Question 30

 What is true of slave populations in the British North American colonies?

A)The population was self-reproducing.
B)Male slaves always outnumbered females.
C)Females outnumbered male slaves.
D)The overall population kept going down.
E)The slave population was very tiny and usually shrinking.

Question 31

 Maroon communities in Jamaica and elsewhere in the Caribbean were composed of

A)Amerindians.
B)free Africans.
C)runaway slaves.
D)slave communities supervised by Jesuits.
E)free farmers with small family farms.

Question 32

 The end of the Songhai Empire in 1591 was the result of

A)the invasion and conquest by Morocco.
B)Portuguese interference in the Songhai trade in the Indian Ocean.
C)defeat by the armies of the Ottoman Empire.
D)Omani Arab takeover.
E)internal political turbulence.

Question 33

 Equiano's freedom came about as a result of

A)running away.
B)buying it.
C)living in a state where slavery was illegal.
D)the wishes of his master in his will that he be freed.
E)being protected and delivered to a safe haven by Quakers.

Question 34

 Which of the following is associated with traditional fictive kinship?

A)Pawning of a child.
B)Incorporation into a community.
C)Preference for female slaves.
D)Children of slave women becoming full members of the father's lineage in a patriarchal society.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 35

 Which of the following was a common method of African resistance to slavery?

A)Insurrections aboard slave ships.
B)All of the answers are correct.
C)Ridicule of the master hidden in traditional African songs.
D)Running away.
E)African stories that included the insult of the master hidden in its content.

Question 36

 Who does Equiano refer to as "human butchers"?

A)Slave owners.
B)Slave traders.
C)Slave overseers.
D)Slave ship captains.
E)Slave missionaries.

Question 37

 Absentee ownership became common on Caribbean plantations,and overseeing slave labor was sometimes performed by

A)loyal slaves who received better living conditions and wages.
B)imported mercenary soldiers.
C)lower-status European immigrants legendary for their harshness. 
D)the master's private army.
E)Jesuit priests and the members of their Amerindian schools.

Question 38

 What did the British use to buy slaves from Africans?

A)Rum. 
B)Cloth. 
C)Guns. 
D)Currency.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 39

 Many African leaders became involved in the slave trade to

A)protect their territories from European developers.
B)keep their own people from being enslaved.
C)become involved in religious wars.
D)unite various tribes against Europeans.
E)acquire guns,which now became the base of wealth.

Question 40

 Which of the following is true in regard to the processing of cane into sugar by slaves?

A)The sugar cane was pressed to obtain the sugar liquid.
B)Cane was planted year-round and involved a continuous agro-industrial organized system of processing.
C)Large copper kettles were used to boil down the liquid to sugar.
D)The harvesting,planting,and processing of cane to sugar required strenuous work by slaves.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 41

 Which area of slavery was emphasized by Equiano?

A)Slaves sold to Asia.
B)European slavery.
C)Slaves taken to the Americas. 
D)Freed slaves.
E)Slaves converted to Islam.

Question 42

 Although British mercantilism was applied to the sugar produced in their Caribbean colonies,it generally failed because

A)of serious competition from Spanish sugar producers.
B)of interference of the French navy in the trade routes.
C)producers of sugar made greater profits by selling their sugar to the Dutch.
D)worldwide sugar prices were unstable.
E)New England merchants traded directly with sugar planters in the area.

Question 43

 A major fishing area for fishermen from New England,as well as Europe,was the Grand Banks found off the coast of

A)Newfoundland.
B)Cape Cod.
C)Boston.
D)Maine.
E)Greenland.

Question 44

 The high point of slavery coincided with other important world history events,which included

A)France becoming the leading world power.
B)naval power exemplified by the Dutch.
C)advanced military methods and technology that made warfare less expensive and more widespread.
D)the Atlantic world becoming a transcultural zone where many could make fortunes.
E)England and Spain becoming locked in a near-constant conflict.

Question 45

 The Seven Years' War began in 1756 in this region. 

A)Chile.
B)Caribbean.
C)Montreal. 
D)Florida.
E)Ohio River Valley.

Question 46

Please define the following key terms.

- Igbo

Question 47

 Which of the following is true?

A)Parliament abolished the trade in slaves among British subjects in 1807.
B)Abolishing slavery entirely would happen several years after the first act of 1807.
C)All of the answers are correct. 
D)The slave laws did not affect slaves in non-British territories.
E)Britain would become the champion of eliminating slavery worldwide.

Question 48

 Which of the following statements are true? 

A)legal debates concerned slavery and property rights.
B)Wilberforce decided that eliminating the slave trade alone had a better chance of passing Parliament.
C)Equiano became an active political leader in abolitionism.
D)the radicalism of the French Revolution made reform a suspicious item to the British government.
E)All of the answers are correct. 

Question 49

 The abolition fight impacted Equiano in which of the following ways? 

A)Interesting Narrative became very popular.
B)all of the answers are correct. 
C)he became involved in speaking tours.
D)the book and tours made him the wealthiest black man in England.
E)his fame and wealth brought him an English wife.

Question 50

 The goal of taxes imposed on the British colonies in North America after the French and Indian war was to

A)reimburse Britain for the losses in sugar profits caused by American pirates.
B)provide funds for Britain to carry on the Seven Years' War in Europe.
C)have colonies pay for some of their own protection.
D)use in exchange for colonials not serving in the British military.
E)invest in American ventures in the new West.

Question 51

 Those who claim that the effects on Africa from the slave trade have been exaggerated point to which of the following? 

A)many African societies had no contact with the slave trade.
B)farming and herding remained the principle economic activity of Africa through the years.
C)many African societies had slave markets of long standing
D)all of the answers are correct.
E)new plants that were introduced into Africa produced more calories per acre than traditional crops.

Question 52

Please define the following key terms.

- Abolitionist

Question 53

 Wedgwood promoted his abolitionist beliefs by selling a plate with an image of

A)an African family.
B)a chained African.
C)a map of Africa.
D)an image of Christ.
E)a slave market.

Question 54

Please define the following key terms.

- Olaudah Equiano

Question 55

 Which of the following was a cause for the growth of abolitionism in England?

A)All of the answers are correct.
B)The status of slavery was ruled illegal in a British court decision.
C)Being proud of their Bill of Rights,the British felt it inconsistent with slavery.
D)Equiano's account was widely read.
E)Parliament had a substantial abolitionist group.

Question 56

 The triangular trade involved Europe,Africa,and

A)India.
B)the Americas.
C)Australia.
D)China.
E)Japan.

Question 57

 The sea was populated by desperate people,as exhibited by which of the following? 

A)kidnapped sailors forced to serve on ships.
B)English peasants forced off their land by enclosure laws.
C)Irish peasants forced off their land by landed gentry.
D)all of the answers are correct. 
E)potentially mutinous crews.

Question 58

 In the conclusion to the Seven Years' War,England proved itself to be dominant in

A)naval power.
B)land power.
C)political alliances.
D)trade.
E)colonial holdings.

Question 59

 British mercantilist policies especially upset

A)cotton-producing colonies.
B)British shippers.
C)rice and tobacco colonies.
D)commercial cities in the British colonies.
E)the slave trade.

Question 60

 The Seven Years' War involved England and France at war in all of the following areas except

A)Canada.
B)India.
C)Africa.
D)Ohio River Valley.
E)Europe.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Sultan of Oman

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Askias

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Santeria

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Maroon communities

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- Candomble

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Fictive Kinship

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Kimpa Vita

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Great Lakes region 

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Khoisan

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Sahel

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Dahomey

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Niger River

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- Manumission

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Slave resistance

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- Slave Societies

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Asante Kingdom

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Timbuktu

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Atlantic Plantation System

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Songhai Empire

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Black Seminoles