Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

The light microscope has a resolving power of

A) 0.1 mm.
B) 0.01 mm.
C) 0.0001 mm.
D) 0.000001 mm.
E) 0.00000001 mm.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: The light microscope has a resolving power of 0.0001 mm.

Question 2

The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called a

A) plasma membrane.
B) Sanger enclosure.
C) hydrophobic membrane.
D) dialysis membrane.
E) mosaic membrane.

Answer 2

A
Explanation: The phospholipid bilayer that surrounds/maintains the integrity of a cell is called the plasma membrane.

Question 3

Which of the following structures are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A) plasma membrane
B) nucleus
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi body
E) mitochondria

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Only the plasma membrane is present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Question 4

What is the name of a photograph of a specimen obtained with a microscope?

A) negative
B) dermatome
C) thermograph
D) micrograph
E) chromatograph

Question 5

The reason that metabolizing cells are small in size is because

A) cells influence nearby cells to divide.
B) the surface area of a cell must be able to accomplish nutrient/waste exchange.
C) cells need to dissipate heat effectively.
D) mitosis occurs before cells reach a certain size.
E) cells need to communicate with adjacent cells.

Question 6

In developing embryos such as a chick,what restores the amount of surface area needed for exchange requirements?

A) respiration
B) catabolism
C) anabolism
D) cell division
E) assimilation

Question 7

The size of a metabolizing cell is limited by its

A) extracellular matrix.
B) function.
C) nuclear size.
D) surface area-to-volume ratio.
E) genome size.

Question 8

Brett needs to distinguish two points that are 0.5 mm apart.What is the easiest way to do this?

A) Use an electron microscope.
B) Use a light microscope.
C) Use his eyes.

Question 9

The cytoplasm is not considered a cellular organelle.

Question 10

The plasma membrane contains how many layers of phospholipids?

A) one
B) two
C) four
D) eight
E) sixteen

Question 11

Because bacteria are prokaryotes,they do not have DNA.

Question 12

What is the name of the semifluid medium inside the cell?

A) nucleolus
B) cytoplasm
C) organelle
D) cytoskeleton
E) mitochondrion

Question 13

What type of microscopy provides a three-dimensional view of the surface of an object?

A) compound light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope
D) phase contrast microscope
E) ultraviolet microscope

Question 14

If a cell has a volume of 3nm,what are the surface area and the volume of the cell?

A) 24nm², 8nm³
B) 38nm², 16nm³
C) 54nm², 27nm³
D) 64nm², 24nm³
E) 18nm², 6nm³

Question 15

Angela would like to look at living algae from pond water.What type of microscope should she use?

A) compound light microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) scanning electron microscope

Question 16

________ are the fundamental units that make up all living things.

A) Compartments
B) Cells
C) Chromosomes
D) Coelom
E) Cristae

Question 17

Whose work proved conclusively that spontaneous generation of life from nonlife was not possible?

A) Louis Pasteur
B) Charles Darwin
C) John Ray
D) Walther Flemming
E) Georges Cuvier

Question 18

Biologists classify cells into two broad categories--animals and plants.

Question 19

Viruses are not made up of cells.According to cell theory,this means what?

A) Viruses can cause disease.
B) Cells come only from pre-existing cells.
C) Cells can be infected by viruses.
D) Viruses are not living.
E) Cells and viruses are the same thing.

Question 20

Paleontologists have discovered ancient prokaryotic fossils dated at over 3.5 billion years old.These fossils resemble prokaryotes that are capable of living in extreme conditions such as high temperature and salinity.What domain do these prokaryotes belong to?

A) Protists
B) Protoctista
C) Archaea
D) Archetista
E) Eukarya

Question 21

All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT

A) invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum.
B) incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria.
C) incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts.
D) a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed.
E) groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group sharing products of metabolism.

Question 22

Often when a person is admitted to the hospital,an intravenous solution of normal saline is begun.Since this does not harm the patient,what is the tonicity of normal saline compared to your blood?

A) hypertonic
B) isotonic
C) hypotonic

Question 23

Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane?

A) determines which substances enter and leave the cell
B) serves as a boundary between the cell and its environment
C) contains receptor sites which determine how the cell interacts with its environment
D) contains the genetic information
E) mark the cell as belonging to a particular individual

Question 24

Archaea are considered the evolutionary precursors to eukaryotic cells.

Question 25

In the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane,the phospholipid molecules are oriented so that the _____________ heads are facing the outside environment and the ________________ tails are facing the interior of the membrane.

A) hydrophobic, hydrophilic
B) hydrophilic, hydrophobic
C) autotrophic, heterotrophic
D) heterotrophic, autotrophic
E) ectothermic, endothermic

Question 26

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane is called

A) denaturation.
B) osmosis.
C) dispersion.
D) dissociation.
E) reconstitution.

Question 27

Which of the following does not utilize active transport?

A) movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood
B) concentrating iodine ions in the thyroid gland
C) absorbing sugar in the gut
D) water homeostasis in the kidneys
E) movement of sodium and potassium in nerve cells

Question 28

The assisted transport of a molecule across the cell membrane without an expenditure of energy is known as what?

A) diffusion
B) facilitated transport
C) active transport
D) osmosis
E) crenation

Question 29

During a hurricane,salt water invades fresh water marshes causing many of the plants to die.The plants are killed because the salt water solution is __________________ to the plants,drawing water from their cells.

A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) mesotonic
D) oligotonic
E) hypertonic

Question 30

A short chain of sugar attached to a protein molecule on the plasma membrane is called

A) a protomembrane.
B) a protosugar.
C) a glycocalyx.
D) a glycolipid.
E) a glycoprotein.

Question 31

Which of the following can cross the plasma membrane because of its selective permeability?

A) gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) ions
C) large, polar molecules
D) large, nonpolar molecules
E) glycoproteins

Question 32

A certain substance continues to enter the cell in the presence of a metabolic poison that disables the generation of energy by the cell.Where is the higher concentration of the substance?

A) outside the cell
B) inside the cell

Question 33

During exocytosis,the phospholipids present in the vesicle membrane will end up in the plasma membrane.

Question 34

Sheree observed an amoeba feeding by engulfing the prey with it's false feet or pseudopods.This process is known as

A) pinocytosis.
B) phagocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) facilitated transport.
E) osmosis.

Question 35

In the sodium potassium pump,sodium and potassium are both pumped out of the cell via active transport.

Question 36

Which model currently describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

A) endosymbiont model
B) fluid-mosaic model
C) plasmagel-plasmasol model
D) lock and key model
E) induced-fit model

Question 37

Choose the CORRECT statement about solute concentrations or particles inside and outside the cell.

A) In a hypertonic solution, there are more particles inside the cell.
B) In a hypotonic solution, there are more particles outside the cell.
C) In an isotonic solution the amount of water inside and outside the cell is equal.
D) In a hypertonic solution, there is more water outside the cell.
E) In a hypotonic solution, there is more water inside the cell.

Question 38

What is the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

A) cell marker
B) receptor
C) support
D) channel
E) enzyme

Question 39

A solution is at equilibrium across a plasma membrane.If 50 molecules enter the cell,how many molecules exit the cell?

A) 50
B) more than 50
C) fewer than 50

Question 40

Brad placed a drop of blood in some distilled water.What happened in the red blood cells?

A) The cells shrunk.
B) The cells burst.
C) The cells did not change.

Question 41

What are the folds in mitochondrial membranes called?

A) matrix
B) cristae
C) rugae
D) lumen
E) villi

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the cytoskeleton?

A) maintain a cell's shape
B) process proteins
C) anchor organelles
D) move organelles
E) move the entire cell

Question 43

What do the SER and RER have in common?

A) the presence of ribosomes
B) the formation of transport vesicles
C) the synthesis of phospholipids
D) the synthesis of proteins
E) the processing and modification of proteins

Question 44

Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion,then

A) vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
B) vesicles must travel from the RER and SER to the Golgi apparatus.
C) the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system.
D) the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs.
E) the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins.

Question 45

Which of the following diseases would you expect in someone with malfunctioning cilia?

A) recurrent respiratory infections
B) heart attack
C) urinary infections
D) muscle paralysis
E) brittle bones

Question 46

What is the obvious dark-stained structure within the nucleus that contains ribosomal RNA called?

A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) nuclear envelope
D) nucleoplasm
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 47

What cellular organelle is especially abundant in phagocytic white blood cells?

A) nuclei
B) nucleoli
C) Golgi apparati
D) lysosomes
E) ribosomes

Question 48

Which of the following processes moves large molecules across a membrane in the opposite direction of the others?

A) exocytosis
B) phagocytosis
C) pinocytosis
D) receptor-mediated endocytosis
E) endocytosis

Question 49

Centrosomes are associated with

A) ribosomes.
B) mitochondria.
C) chromosomes.
D) microtubules.
E) lysosomes.

Question 50

Why type of junction must there be between the cells of your bladder?

A) adhesion junctions
B) gap junctions
C) tight junctions
D) channel junctions
E) free junctions

Question 51

The nucleus of a cell in your thigh muscle contains the same genes as the nucleus of a cell in your brain.

Question 52

If a cell lacked ribosomes,it would not be able to

A) form a spindle apparatus.
B) synthesize proteins.
C) respire oxidatively.
D) break down fats.
E) produce ATP.

Question 53

A microtubule poison would interfere with mitosis and meiosis.

Question 54

In an experiment in the laboratory,a small colored molecule is injected into one cells.Within minutes,the molecule has entered the adjacent cells.What type of junction connects these cells?

A) gap junctions
B) free junctions
C) adhesion junctions
D) tight junctions
E) actin junctions

Question 55

How large is a nuclear pore in the nuclear envelope?

A) larger than a ribosome
B) larger than the Golgi apparatus
C) larger than the endoplasmic reticulum
D) smaller than a ribosome
E) smaller than a protein

Question 56

The grainy-looking substance inside the nucleus is composed of

A) phospholipids.
B) DNA and proteins.
C) nucleoplasm.
D) ribosomes.
E) mitochondria.

Question 57

Cilia are composed of microtubules while flagella are composed of actin filaments.

Question 58

Which organelle can be likened to a post office?

A) nucleus
B) nucleolus
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 59

Which of the following is not associated with the cytoskeleton?

A) intermediate filaments
B) microtubules
C) microbodies
D) actin filaments
E) centrosome

Question 60

What cell structure is composed of a stack of slightly curved saccules that are important in packaging and secretion?

A) mitochondria
B) vacuoles
C) Golgi apparatus
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 61

In a metabolic pathway,substrate Z is broken down to form product Y and X.Y is further broken down into products V and W.How many enzymes are required for this metabolic pathway?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 62

Only glucose can be used as an energy source in the human body.

Question 63

If you could remove all the phosphate in the cell,what would happen to the ATP cycle?

A) It would stop when all the ATP had been converted into ADP.
B) It would stop when all the ADP had been converted into ATP.
C) It would cycle faster because the lack of phosphate would drive the cycle.
D) It would cycle faster because of the buildup of ATP.
E) It would not affect the ATP cycle.

Question 64

Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration,all living cells must contain mitochondria.

Question 65

The first day of football practice was rough on the squad.The players complained of cramps and sore muscles.The reason for their complaints was that there was a __________________ build up in their muscles.

A) glucose
B) alcohol
C) carbon dioxide
D) carbon monoxide
E) lactate

Question 66

Why is glycolysis believed to have evolved early in the history of life?

A) It breaks down sugar.
B) It produces energy.
C) It is present in most every type of cell.
D) It does not require oxygen.
E) It splits a 6-carbon molecule into two 3-carbon molecules.

Question 67

When ATP is broken down,heat is released.

Question 68

If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis,what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

A) the outer mitochondrial membrane
B) vacuole
C) cristae
D) matrix
E) grana

Question 69

Fermentation produces more ATP than does aerobic respiration.

Question 70

Which of the following processes in the breakdown of glucose does not require oxygen?

A) glycolysis
B) citric acid cycle
C) electron transport chain

Question 71

The sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called

A) respiration.
B) anabolism.
C) photosynthesis.
D) metabolism.
E) reaction summary.

Question 72

The gel-like fluid substance within a mitochondrion is called the

A) matrix.
B) cristae.
C) rugae.
D) effluvium.
E) villi.