Deck 18: Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance

Question 1

When does a chromosome go from one chromatid to two sister chromatids?

A) during G₁ of interphase
B) during S of interphase
C) during G₂ of interphase
D) during mitosis
E) during cytokinesis

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The DNA is duplicated during the S phase of interphase.

Question 2

The amount of time the cell takes for interphase is approximately 1 hour,plus or minus about 5 minutes.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: The amount of time the cell takes for interphase varies widely.

Question 3

How many chromosome pairs does a human have?

A) 23
B) 25
C) 46
D) 50
E) 92

Answer 3

A
Explanation: A human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Question 4

In a karyotype,each chromosome contains two sister chromatids.

Question 5

At what 2 checkpoints does the cell check for the integrity of the DNA?

A) G₁ and G₂
B) G₁ and mitotic
C) G₂ and mitotic

Question 6

Two sister chromatids are held together at the

A) centromere.
B) spindle.
C) aster.
D) telomere.
E) autosome.

Question 7

Jessica and Nathan just found out they are pregnant.The doctor estimates it has been 6 weeks since her last menstruation.Can they have an amniocentesis done now?

Question 8

When is chorionic villi sampling generally performed?

A) 1-2 weeks of pregnancy
B) 3-4 weeks of pregnancy
C) 5-8 weeks of pregnancy
D) 8-12 weeks of pregnancy
E) 12-16 weeks of pregnancy

Question 9

From Figure 18.1 it can be seen that a homologous pair of chromosomes contains how many chromatids?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) six

Question 10

In a karyotype the chromosomes are arranged in order from

A) largest to smallest, with the sex chromosomes at the end.
B) smallest to largest, with the sex chromosomes at the end.
C) largest to smallest, including the sex chromosomes.
D) smallest to largest, including the sex chromosomes.

Question 11

How are mitosis and cytokinesis alike?

A) Both involve the nucleus.
B) Both involve mitochondria.
C) Both involve division.
D) Both involve apoptosis.
E) Both involve DNA synthesis.

Question 12

Which comes first: mitosis or cytokinesis?

A) mitosis
B) cytokinesis

Question 13

Which of the following is not a reason chorionic villi sampling is used to determine the fetal karyotype?

A) The results of the karyotype can be obtained ealrier than with an amniocentesis.
B) There is no danger to the fetus in removing chorionic villi.
C) The chorion is the fetal part of the placenta.
D) Prospective parents want to know whether a chromosomal abnormality exists in the fetus.
E) It is relatively to remove chorionic villi with a suction tube.

Question 14

External signals such as hormones and growth factors can stimulate a cell to go through the cell cycle.

Question 15

What are the two parts of the cell cycle?

A) apoptosis and interphase
B) mitosis and cytokinesis
C) nucleus and cytoplasm
D) mitosis and meiosis
E) interphase and cell division

Question 16

What happens at the G₂ checkpoint?

A) The cell makes a commitment to divide.
B) The cell receives external signals to divide.
C) The cell checks that the DNA has replicated.
D) The cell makes sure the chromosomes are lined up correctly.
E) The cell enters G₀.

Question 17

From a karyotype you could tell all of the following about the cell except whether

A) a fusion of two chromosomes had occurred.
B) a translocation had occurred between two chromosomes.
C) one chromosome was missing.
D) there were three copies of a chromosome present.
E) a particular gene contained a mutation.

Question 18

How are G₁ and G₂ different?

A) The cell copies its DNA during G₁ but not G₂.
B) The cell does not grow during G₁ but doubles its organelles in G₂.
C) In G₁, the cell prepares to synthesize its DNA and in G₂ it synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division.
D) The cell spends much more time in G₂ than in G₁.
E) Mitosis occurs during G₁ but not during G₂.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a stage of interphase?

A) cytokinesis
B) G₁
C) G₂
D) S

Question 20

Which cell could you not use to produce a karyotype?

A) white blood cells
B) red blood cells
C) epithelial cells
D) smooth muscle cells
E) skeletal muscle cells

Question 21

When a child is born,mitosis ceases to function.

Question 22

How do proto-oncogenes affect the cell cycle?

A) stimulate it
B) inhibit it

Question 23

If a cell has 4 pair of chromosomes,after mitosis each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 24

If an organism has 4 pairs of chromosomes,after meiosis it will contain how many chromosomes?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 25

At what stage of mitosis do sister chromatids become chromosomes?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 26

Sexual reproduction introduces more genetic variation than does asexual reproduction.

Question 27

At which stage of mitosis do you first see the chromosomes appearing?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 28

If an organism does not undergo meiosis,then it cannot undergo sexual reproduction.

Question 29

When do the centromeres divide in meiosis?

A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) anaphase I
D) anaphase II
E) telophase I

Question 30

In which two phases of mitosis does the nuclear membrane appear/disappear?

A) prophase and metaphase
B) metaphase and anaphase
C) prophase and anaphase
D) anaphase and telophase
E) prophase and telophase

Question 31

Which of the following is not a stage of mitosis?

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 32

There is no mechanism to ensure the exact partitioning of the cytoplasm as there is of the DNA.

Question 33

In which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?

A) metaphase I
B) metaphase II
C) anaphase I
D) anaphase II
E) interkinesis

Question 34

Which aspect of the cytoskeleton is involved in the cleavage furrow?

A) microtubules
B) intermediate filaments
C) actin filaments

Question 35

At which stage of mitosis do the chromsomes look like the letter "V"?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase

Question 36

Which of the following is part of the mitotic spindle?

A) sister chromatid
B) nucleolus
C) nuclear membrane
D) aster
E) centromere

Question 37

In what stage of meiosis does synapsis occur?

A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) metaphase I
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase I

Question 38

In meiosis there are how many divisions and how many daughter cells?

A) 1,2
B) 1,4
C) 2,2
D) 2,4
E) 2,8

Question 39

Following mitosis,the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.

Question 40

During development from a zygote to a child,what cell division process occurs?

A) mitosis
B) meiosis

Question 41

Genetic variation is useful to evolution because environments change.

Question 42

If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized,it does not complete meiosis II.

Question 43

Which of the following is associated with mental retardation in Down syndrome?

A) elevated levels of purines in the blood
B) increased tendency toward leukemia
C) increased tendency toward cataracts
D) accelerated rate of aging

Question 44

If the parent cell has 24 chromosomes,and each of the daughter cells has 24 chromosomes,then the cell has undergone

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.

Question 45

In both spermatogenesis and oogenesis,one sperm/egg forms from one primary spermatocyte/oocyte.

Question 46

In what way is spermatogenesis similar to oogenesis?

A) Both occur continuously from puberty on.
B) Both result in 4 daughter cells.
C) Both result in cells with half the chromosome number.
D) Both are arrested in prophase I.
E) Both result in 1 or 2 polar bodies.

Question 47

If you are looking at a cell in which 2n = 16,and there appear to be 8 structures lined up at the metaphase plate,then you are looking at

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.

Question 48

If there are 4 pairs of chromosomes,how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 49

Independent alignment creates genetic variation.This is associated with which stage of meiosis?

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) prophase II
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase II

Question 50

Which of the following syndromes has a karyotype with a missing X chromosome?

A) Turner syndrome
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Jacobs syndrome
D) Down syndrome
E) Williams syndrome

Question 51

How long does it take to proceed from prophase I to metaphase I in oogenesis?

A) One follows directly after the other.
B) There is usually a pause of about 1 hour.
C) It varies, but on the order of years.

Question 52

Suppose that nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II in oogenesis,and each of the resulting 4 cells is fertilized with a normal sperm.How many cells are normal and how many have a chromosomal trisomy?

A) 1,3
B) 2,2
C) 3,1
D) 2,1
E) 1,2

Question 53

The product(s)of meiosis I in spermatogenesis is/are

A) primary spermatocytes.
B) secondary spermatocytes.
C) spermatids.
D) spermatazoa.

Question 54

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I,how many of the final 4 products will be abnormal?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4

Question 55

Which division of meiosis is like mitosis?

A) meiosis I
B) meiosis II

Question 56

In a translocation,all of the DNA is present,and there is only one copy of each piece.

Question 57

Which type of change in chromosome structure characterizes cri du chat syndrome?

A) deletion
B) duplication
C) translocation
D) inversion

Question 58

Which of the following is not a symptom of Down syndrome?

A) short stature
B) eyelid fold
C) flat face
D) stubby fingers
E) indeterminate genitalia

Question 59

All the products of oogenesis are the same size.

Question 60

How are Jacobs and Klinefelter syndromes alike?

A) Both have only two X chromosomes.
B) Both have only two Y chromosomes.
C) Both have three sex chromosomes.
D) Both have one sex chromosome.
E) Both have only 45 chromosomes.