Deck 26: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Question 1

Connective tissue of the musculoskeletal system includes

A)ligaments.
B)bone.
C)cartilage.
D)tendons.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

An area where two bones meet is called a

A)synapse.
B)joint.
C)synaptic cleft.
D)vascular cavity.
E)olfactory bulb.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton?

A)pelvic girdle
B)ribs
C)skull
D)sternum
E)vertebral column

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Where are blood cells produced?

A)in red marrow inside of bones
B)in yellow marrow inside of bones
C)in joints by creatine phosphate
D)in the liver
E)in the spleen

Question 5

Which of the following is not a bone of the lower limbs?

A)patella
B)femur
C)tibia
D)fibula
E)ulna

Question 6

A disorder of the axial skeleton in which the vertebral column curves to the side is known as

A)Graves' disease.
B)a ruptured cartilage.
C)scleroderma.
D)All answers are correct.
E)scoliosis.

Question 7

The type of skeleton that is usually composed of either a calcium-containing shell or chitin is a(n)

A)endoskeleton.
B)exoskeleton.
C)hydrostatic skeleton.
D)gastrovascular cavity.
E)vascular canal.

Question 8

The type of skeleton that consists of fluid constrained within a layer of flexible tissue is a(n)

A)vascular canal.
B)endoskeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)exoskeleton.
E)hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a bone of the upper limbs?

A)radius
B)ulna
C)patella
D)humerus
E)clavicle

Question 10

The endoskeleton functions in

A)production of blood cells.
B)supporting the body.
C)protecting the body.
D)movement.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 11

Functions of the vertebrate endoskeleton include

A)production of blood cells only.
B)both production of nerve cells and storage of calcium.
C)storage of calcium only.
D)both production of blood cells and storage of calcium.
E)production of nerve cells only.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an important function of calcium in vertebrates?

A)blood clotting
B)muscle contraction
C)transport of oxygen to the body's cells
D)cell membrane permeability
E)strengthening of bone

Question 13

Which of the following is not a part of the appendicular skeleton?

A)pelvic girdle
B)sternum
C)pectoral girdle
D)femur
E)humerus

Question 14

The two closely allied organ systems that allow for running,swimming and flying under the direction of the nervous system are the

A)skeletal and endocrine systems.
B)muscular and endocrine systems.
C)muscular and skeletal systems.
D)circulatory and muscular systems.
E)circulatory and skeletal systems.

Question 15

The type of skeleton composed of calcium rich-spines,cartilage or bone is a(n)

A)exoskeleton.
B)hydrostatic skeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)endoskeleton.
E)vascular canal.

Question 16

The type of skeleton that is an internal support structure is a(n)

A)endoskeleton.
B)hydrostatic skeleton.
C)gastrovascular cavity.
D)exoskeleton.
E)vascular canal.

Question 17

The vertebrae in descending order from the skull are

A)cervical,thoracic,lumbar.
B)lumbar,thoracic,cervical.
C)cervical,lumbar,thoraciC.
D)thoracic,lumbar,cervical.
E)lumbar,cervical,thoracic.

Question 18

A condition in which bones become less dense is

A)gigantism.
B)acromegaly.
C)osteoarthritis.
D)rheumatism.
E)osteoporosis.

Question 19

Ligaments are connective tissues that connect _______________ to _________________.

A)muscle;muscle
B)muscle;bone
C)tendons;bone
D)bone;bone
E)cartilage;bone

Question 20

Tendons are connective tissues that connect _______________ to ________________.

A)muscle;bone
B)ligaments;bone
C)muscle;muscle
D)bone;bone
E)cartilage;bone

Question 21

Osteoarthritis is caused when bones in a joint rub against each other directly.Which of the following happens in osteoarthritis?

A)New bone is made in the joint.
B)Cartilage is destroyed.
C)Ligaments are torn.
D)The synovial membrane is destroyeD.
E)Tendons are torn.

Question 22

A sprain is a stretched or torn

A)ligament.
B)tendon.
C)muscle.
D)neuron.
E)vein.

Question 23

After a muscle cell contracts,which of the following must occur for the muscle to stop contracting?

A)Calcium ions must be pumped back into the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Calcium ions must be pumped out of the muscle cell.
C)Calcium ions must flow out of the endoplasmic reticulum.
D)Calcium ions must flow into the muscle cell.
E)Calcium ions must flow out of the muscle cell.

Question 24

The molecule that rapidly replenishes ATP at the beginning of muscle activity is

A)actin.
B)creatine phosphate.
C)myoglobin.
D)oxygen debt.
E)myosin.

Question 25

In muscle tissue,if there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration to occur,

A)the muscle cell can produce ATP by fermentation.
B)the muscle cell cannot make ATP.
C)the muscle cell uses creatine phosphate instead of ATP for energy.
D)the muscle cell can produce ATP from fats.
E)the muscle cell depletes its reserves of lactic acid.

Question 26

A disorder of old age in which joint cartilage wears away,exposing bone to bone,is

A)acromegaly.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)scoliosis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)osteoarthritis.

Question 27

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours.This stiff position is called

A)osteoarthritis.
B)rheumatoid arthritis.
C)rigor mortis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)flaccid paralysis.

Question 28

A neuromuscular junction is a __________ between a ______________ and a _______________.

A)membrane;muscle;neuron
B)synovial joint;muscle;neuron
C)synapse;muscle;neuron
D)synovial joint;bone;muscle
E)synapse;bone;muscle

Question 29

Which of the following will be true of the muscles of a bedridden person?

A)Only calcium levels will be lower than normal.
B)Mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.
C)Only ATP production will be lower than normal.
D)Calcium levels and ATP production will be lower than normal.
E)ATP production and mitochondrial enzyme activity will be lower than normal.

Question 30

A thin filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

A)hemoglobin.
B)myosin.
C)myoglobin.
D)actin.
E)pectin.

Question 31

An autoimmune disorder in which there is chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint is

A)osteoarthritis.
B)scoliosis.
C)rheumatoid arthritis.
D)osteoporosis.
E)acromegaly.

Question 32

When blood calcium is high which of the following would be stimulated by the thyroid?

A)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
B)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
C)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
D)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney

Question 33

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused when ______ become swollen and inflamed.

A)ligaments
B)cartilage
C)bone
D)joint membranes
E)tendons

Question 34

Blood calcium levels are regulated by hormones secreted from the parathyroid and thyroid.When blood calcium is low which of the following would be stimulated by the parathyroid?

A)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
B)uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney
C)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and absorption from the urine by the kidney
D)decreased uptake of calcium from food by the intestine and secretion into the urine by the kidney

Question 35

You are trying out for the USA Olympic gymnastics team.Everything is going well until you turn your ankle on the landing and tear a connection between two bones.Now you will have to wait another four years.Which of the following could you have done to your ankle?

A)sprained a ligament
B)strained a ligament
C)sprained a tendon
D)strained a tendon

Question 36

A thick filament of muscle is composed primarily of the protein

A)pectin.
B)myoglobin.
C)hemoglobin.
D)actin.
E)myosin.

Question 37

Which of the following causes a muscle cell to contract?

A)Actin and myosin break down.
B)Actin heads attached to myosin bend.
C)Calcium ions form a bridge binding actin to myosin.
D)ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
E)Myosin heads attached to actin bend.

Question 38

You are trying out for the USA World Cup soccer team.Everything is going well until you try to score a goal doing a bicycle kick and tear a connection between your quadriceps and femur.Now you will have to wait another four years.Which of the following could you have done to your leg?

A)sprained a ligament
B)strained a tendon
C)strained a ligament
D)sprained a tendon

Question 39

A bedridden person is at risk of which of the following?

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)osteoarthritis
C)osteoporosis
D)a sprain
E)anemia

Question 40

After death,muscles remain in a stiff position for several hours.Which of the following explains this observation?

A)ATP is required to break the bond between actin and myosin.
B)ATP is required for actin to bind to myosin.
C)ATP is required for the motor neuron to signal a muscle to relax.
D)ATP is required for calcium ions to be pumped into the muscle cell.
E)ATP is required to produce creatine phosphatE.

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",how can the deletion of the two base pairs in the myosin gene only affect the temporalis muscle?

A)The gene was transcribed only in the temporalis muscle.
B)The deletion was present only in DNA in the temporalis muscle.
C)Other muscles also transcribe the myosin gene.
D)The temporalis muscle also transcribes other myosin genes.
E)Other muscles can repair the deletion.

Question 42

The axial skeleton consists of the limbs and the bones that support them.

Question 43

The interaction of both the muscular system and the skeletal system is necessary for animals to run,fly,and swim.

Question 44

Each myofibril consists of two types of filaments,a thin actin filament and a thick myosin filament.

Question 45

According to the sliding filament model,a muscle fiber contracts when thick filaments slide between thin filaments,lengthening the sarcomere.

Question 46

Which of the following describes the role of myosin in muscle contraction?

A)ATP forms a bridge binding actin to myosin.
B)Actin heads bend when attached to myosin.
C)Calcium ions form a bridge moving actin along myosin.
D)Myosin heads bend when attached to actin.
E)Myosin synthesizes new strands of actin,lengthening the musclE.

Question 47

Bones regulate calcium homeostasis.

Question 48

If you placed an electrode on a person's triceps and stimulated the muscle,which of the following would occur?

A)They would not be able to straighten their leg.
B)They would not be able to straighten their arm.
C)They would not be able to bend their leg.
D)They would not be able to bend their arm.

Question 49

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",how is the temporalis muscle attached to the skull and jaw?

A)myosin
B)ligaments
C)neurons
D)tendons
E)actin

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",the temporalis and masseter muscles close the jaw while the platysma opens the jaw.To clench your teeth,which of the following must occur?

A)Contract the temporalis and masseter and relax the platysmA.
B)Relax the temporalis and masseter and contract the platysma.
C)Contract the temporalis,masseter,and platysma.
D)Relax the temporalis,masseter,and platysma.
E)Contract the temporalis and relax the platysma and masseter.

Question 51

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",why did the researchers look for a human myosin gene containing a mutation in tissue samples from non-primates?

A)to determine if the myosin gene was being transcribed
B)to determine if the myosin gene was being translated
C)to determine if they had the myosin gene
D)to determine if they had the same deletion of two base pairs in the myosin gene
E)to determine if loss of the myosin gene made the non-human primates behave more like humans

Question 52

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",what does the deletion of the two base pairs in the genomes of six widely dispersed human populations,and the presence of the two base pairs in non-human primates reveal?

A)The two bases were insertions in the non-human primates.
B)The deletion occurred before the branch between humans and non-human primates.
C)The deletion occurred multiple non-human primates.
D)The deletion occurred at least six times in different human populations.
E)The deletion occurred after the branch between humans and non-human primates.

Question 53

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",how does an inactive gene that encodes a non-functional myosin protein affect human chewing muscles?

A)No effect because humans have over 40 closely related myosin genes.
B)No effect because myosin is not essential for life.
C)The loss of this myosin causes smaller and weaker chewing muscles in humans.
D)No effect because other proteins in the body can do the same thing as myosin.
E)The loss of this myosin causes greater flexibility of chewing muscles in humans.

Question 54

The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.

Question 55

The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.What would be true of breast muscle in a domesticated chicken?

A)They are fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondriA.
B)They are slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
C)They are slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
D)They are fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.

Question 56

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",why would a two base pair deletion in the human myosin gene studied cause it to be nonfunctional?

A)The two base pairs that were missing encoded two amino acids that were essential for the protein to function.
B)The two base pairs that were missing were essential for the protein to function.
C)It introduces a frameshift resulting in a truncated protein.
D)It introduces a substitution mutation that changes the amino acid encoded by that codon.
E)It introduces a silent mutation that changes the amino acid encoded by that codon.

Question 57

The breast muscle of a wild duck is dark,while that of a domesticated chicken is white.What would be true of breast muscle in a wild duck?

A)They are fast-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondriA.
B)They are slow-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.
C)They are slow-twitch muscles with abundant capillaries and mitochondria.
D)They are fast-twitch muscles with few capillaries or mitochondria.

Question 58

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

Question 59

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",what did the researchers propose as the selective advantage for a smaller temporalis muscle?

A)Humans could eat softer foods.
B)The brain could become larger.
C)It would take less energy to move the muscle.
D)It would enable speech.
E)It forced humans to develop tools to cook their food.

Question 60

In the section "Investigating Life: Did a Myosin Gene Mutation Make Humans Brainier?",what does the high level similarity between the myosin gene sequences in human and non-human primates suggest?

A)Humans and non-human primates had a common ancestor at some time in the past.
B)Humans and non-human primates had common ancestor 2.4 million years ago.
C)The myosin gene arose independently in humans and non-human primates.
D)Genes can transfer readily between humans and non-human primates.
E)No natural selection has occurred in humans.

Question 61

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location of hard,dense connective tissue with canals that house blood vessels and nervous tissue but that lacks enough space to store red bone marrow?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 62

If a growth plate is damaged before bone growth is complete,what may result?

A)Additional cartilage will be added to the growth plate.
B)The bone will not grow to its full length.
C)The bone will continue to grow unchecked.
D)The cartilage will continue to grow uncheckeD.
E)Red bone marrow will not form because of a reduced marrow cavity.

Question 63

A muscle which allows you to turn your head to the left will not allow you to turn your head back to the center.

Question 64

______ are used to lift a cup to your mouth,and ______ are used to lower the cup back onto the table.

A)The biceps;the triceps
B)The muscles;the bones
C)The tendons;the ligaments
D)The ligaments;the tendons
E)The biceps;the tendons

Question 65

Without muscles,bones ______ and without bones,muscles ______.

A)would remain in one location;would move soft tissue layers
B)would remain in one location;would remain in one location
C)would provide movement;would remain in one location
D)would be useless;would remain under control of the nervous system
E)would remain under control of the nervous system;would be useless

Question 66

Skeletal muscle contraction is important in maintaining body temperature homeostasis.

Question 67

Fermentation does not require oxygen to generate ATP and is almost as efficient as aerobic respiration in generating ATP in muscle cells.

Question 68

______ keep(s)urine inside the bladder and ______ expel(s)urine from the bladder.

A)Bone;muscles
B)Tendons;ligaments
C)Ligaments;tendons
D)Cartilage;muscle
E)Muscle;muscle

Question 69

What connective tissue provides a mold which bone replaces until bone growth is complete?

A)cartilage
B)red bone marrow
C)yellow bone marrow
D)compact bone
E)spongy bone

Question 70

What letter in the figure of a long bone corresponds to the location where red blood cells and platelets are made?

A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 71

What keeps your head held up and not drooped forward towards your chest when you are awake?

A)nervous tissue
B)skeletal muscle
C)cartilage
D)bone
E)tendons

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?

A)Produce heat to keep the body warm.
B)Yell a command.
C)Blink.
D)Kick a ball.
E)Pump blood through the heart.