Deck 25: The Endocrine System

Question 1

An endocrine gland releases its product directly

A)into the digestive system.
B)onto an outer epithelial surface.
C)into the circulatory system.
D)into a body cavity.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the

A)parathyroid gland.
B)adrenal gland.
C)pineal gland.
D)pancreas.
E)testes.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not a correct statement?

A)Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells.
B)A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous,but hormones take a considerable amount of time to exert their effects.
C)Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell.
D)A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time,whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blooD.
E)Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The release of which of the following hormones is usually controlled by positive feedback?

A)insulin
B)TRH
C)oxytocin
D)glucagon
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the

A)testes.
B)pancreas.
C)parathyroid gland.
D)adrenal glanD.
E)pineal gland.

Question 6

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from

A)cholesterol.
B)amino acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)proteins.
E)sucrosE.

Question 7

Steroid hormones

A)are typically lipid-soluble.
B)typically do not bind to a surface receptor on a target cell.
C)pass through cell membranes.
D)typically alter gene expression.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 8

The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the

A)pancreas.
B)pineal gland.
C)parathyroid gland.
D)adrenal glanD.
E)testes.

Question 9

Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of a steroid hormone?

A)They are lipid-soluble.
B)They alter gene expression.
C)They bind to a receptor inside the cell's cytoplasm or nucleus.
D)They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell.
E)They are not water-solublE.

Question 10

All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the

A)hypothalamus and pons.
B)hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
C)cerebrum and medulla oblongata.
D)pineal gland and pituitary glanD.
E)cerebellum and pituitary gland.

Question 11

Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

A)pancreas
B)thyroid gland
C)ovaries
D)testes
E)All answers are correct.

Question 12

FSH and LH are produced by the

A)pancreas.
B)anterior pituitary gland.
C)pineal gland.
D)hypothalamus.
E)posterior pituitary gland.

Question 13

Which of the following would be the primary target for ADH?

A)pancreas
B)mammary gland
C)testes
D)kidney
E)ovaries

Question 14

Biochemicals produced in a gland that travel through the blood stream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are

A)enzymes.
B)pheromones.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)hormones.
E)pectines.

Question 15

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the

A)pancreas.
B)parathyroid gland.
C)adrenal gland.
D)pineal glanD.
E)testes.

Question 16

Which of the following has its primary effect on the brain's pain receptors?

A)ACTH
B)FSH and LH
C)endorphins
D)oxytocin
E)ADH

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary endocrine product of the ovaries?

A)estrogen
B)follicle-stimulating hormone
C)progesterone and estrogen
D)progesterone
E)follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogen

Question 18

Peptide hormones are usually which of the following?

A)bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
B)lipid-soluble
C)water-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
D)water-soluble
E)lipid-soluble and bound to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

Question 19

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A)hypothalamus
B)testes
C)gall bladder
D)pineal gland
E)adrenal gland

Question 20

The endocrine gland that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is the

A)parathyroid gland
B)pancreas
C)adrenal gland
D)pineal gland
E)testes

Question 21

A person suffering from acromegaly produces too much ___________ as a(n)______________.

A)testosterone;child
B)testosterone;adult
C)growth hormone;child
D)growth hormone;adult
E)insulin;child

Question 22

If a person requires insulin injections they most likely suffer from

A)type 1 diabetes and hypoglycemiA.
B)type 1 diabetes and hyperglycemia.
C)type 1 diabetes only.
D)hypoglycemia only.
E)hyperglycemia only.

Question 23

Type 2 diabetes is strongly associated with

A)obesity.
B)old age.
C)premature infants.
D)a suppressed immune system.
E)calcium deficiency.

Question 24

When blood glucose levels fall,which of the following will occur?

A)an increased secretion of insulin
B)an increased uptake of glucose by muscles
C)a decreased release of glucose by the liver
D)an increased secretion of glucagon
E)a decreased secretion of ACTH

Question 25

The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is

A)ADH.
B)prolactin.
C)oxytocin.
D)LH.
E)TSH.

Question 26

Which of the following could occur in type 1 diabetes?

A)a decrease in insulin receptors on muscle cells
B)a decrease in blood glucose
C)a decrease in insulin levels inside muscle cells
D)a decrease in insulin secreted by the pancreas
E)a decrease in glucose secreted by muscle cells

Question 27

The hormone produced by the adrenal gland that constricts blood vessels and slows digestion is

A)calcitonin.
B)epinephrine.
C)insulin.
D)glucagon.
E)testosteronE.

Question 28

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the ______ and targets the ______.

A)hypothalamus;mammary glands
B)anterior pituitary;mammary glands
C)anterior pituitary;pancreas
D)hypothalamus;pancreas
E)posterior pituitary;mammary glands

Question 29

To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to

A)milk.
B)soda pop.
C)salt.
D)processed meats.
E)orange juicE.

Question 30

The hormone prolactin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _______________.

A)anterior pituitary;mammary glands
B)anterior pituitary;pancreas
C)posterior pituitary;kidney
D)posterior pituitary;mammary glands
E)posterior pituitary;pancreas

Question 31

Which of the following could occur in type 2 diabetes?

A)a decrease in insulin secreted by the pancreas
B)a decrease in blood glucose
C)a decrease in blood insulin levels
D)a decrease in insulin receptors on muscle cells
E)a decrease in glucose secreted by muscle cells

Question 32

The hormone that stimulates glycogen to be broken down to glucose is

A)insulin.
B)calcitonin.
C)aldosterone.
D)glucagon.
E)melatonin.

Question 33

Hyperthyroidism

A)is caused by iodine deficiency.
B)can cause elevated heart rate.
C)leads to weight gain.
D)is not a problem clinically.
E)is caused by removal of the thyroid.

Question 34

If a physician recommends frequent small meals with low carbohydrate and high protein content,the patient most likely

A)suffers from hypoglycemiA.
B)suffers from goiter.
C)suffers from osteoporosis.
D)suffers from hyperglycemia.
E)suffers from diverticulitis.

Question 35

A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as

A)hepatitis.
B)goiter.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes.
E)osteoporosis.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

A)ADH
B)LH
C)FSH
D)TSH
E)ACTH

Question 37

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A)insulin
B)TSH
C)oxytocin
D)FSH
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 38

The adrenal glands are located "on top" of

A)the ovaries.
B)the pancreas.
C)the kidneys.
D)the thyroid glanD.
E)the liver.

Question 39

People who have severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of

A)penicillin.
B)insulin.
C)FSH.
D)epinephrine.
E)oxytocin.

Question 40

Hypoglycemia is caused by

A)too much insulin being produced.
B)too little insulin being produced.
C)insufficient carbohydrate intake or too much insulin production.
D)insufficient carbohydrate intake.
E)insufficient carbohydrate intake or too little insulin production.

Question 41

Estrogen and progesterone normally do which of the following?

A)stimulate LH and FSH production by the uterus
B)stimulate LH and FSH production by the pituitary
C)inhibit LH and FSH production by the uterus
D)They have no effect on LH and FSH production.
E)inhibit LH and FSH production by the pituitary

Question 42

Prednisone would be most similar to which of the following?

A)cortisol
B)insulin
C)TRH
D)oxytocin
E)glucagon

Question 43

The antibody produced in Graves' disease would do which of the following?

A)inhibit the thyroid from releasing thyroid hormone
B)stimulate the thyroid to release thyroid hormone
C)bind to thyroid hormone in the blood
D)destroy thyroid cells
E)enter the thyroid cell and move to the nucleus

Question 44

Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor.Symptoms of prolactinoma in women include infertility and atypical menstruation.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Increased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.
B)Increased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.
C)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary.
D)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary.

Question 45

In the section "Investigating Life: Addicted to Affection",why did the scientists include a second control in the experiment in which they added the ADH receptor-encoding gene into a different area of the brain?

A)to remove the possibility that the added hormone receptors would increase aggression
B)to remove the possibility that the added hormone receptors would increase solidarity
C)to remove the possibility that the added hormone receptors would increase promiscuity
D)to remove the possibility that the added hormone receptors would increase monogamy in any part of the brain
E)to remove the possibility that the added hormone receptors would alter the gender of the test subjects

Question 46

Hyperthyroidism could be triggered by which of the following?

A)increased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
B)increased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
C)decreased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
D)decreased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 47

The human parathyroid gland regulates which of the following in the blood?

A)calcium
B)glucose
C)insulin
D)glucocorticoid
E)melatonin

Question 48

Which of the following would you expect in the blood of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A)no change in either TSH and thyroid hormones
B)a decrease in both TSH and thyroid hormones
C)an increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones
D)an increase in both TSH and thyroid hormones
E)a decrease in TSH and an increase in thyroid hormones

Question 49

LH and FSH normally do which of the following?

A)Stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
B)Inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus
C)Inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
D)They have no effect on estrogen or progesterone production.
E)Stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the ovaries

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: Addicted to Affection",how might the results of the experiment be used in research with autistic humans?

A)Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of reward to promote formation of social attachments.
B)Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to block aggression.
C)Inject hormones into the bloodstream of autistic humans to derive feelings of monogamy,instead of promiscuity.
D)Virally transmit genes which encode for receptors in the area of the brain that derives feelings of aggression to promote formation of social attachments.
E)Virally transmit hormones to the bloodstream of autistic humans to increase aggression.

Question 51

Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone.What effect would this have on their bodies?

A)They would gain muscle.
B)They would become taller.
C)They would become smarter.
D)They would become lighter and faster.
E)Their limbs would become longer.

Question 52

Which organ was being affected by the BPA that led to decreased LH in the blood?

A)ovary
B)kidney
C)pituitary
D)thyroid
E)pancreas

Question 53

Prednisone would be made from which of the following?

A)amino acids
B)cholesterol
C)nucleotides
D)proteins
E)sucrose

Question 54

Why don't patients with Graves' disease also have enlarged kidneys or livers?

A)These organs do not have the same neurons that stimulate the thyroid.
B)These organs do not have TSH receptors on their cells.
C)The blood flow to these organs is not the same as the flow to the thyroid.
D)These organs are too far from the thyroiD.
E)They cannot produce TSH.

Question 55

In the section "Investigating Life: Addicted to Affection",what hypothesis were the scientists examining?

A)Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of reward.
B)Monogamous social attachments will form when hormone receptors are located in a region of the brain that derives feelings of aggression.
C)Higher levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.
D)Lower levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)are found in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.
E)Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)is absent in organisms that form monogamous social attachments.

Question 56

BPA would be considered which of the following?

A)a neurotoxin
B)an endocrine disruptor
C)an antibiotic
D)a synthetic hormone
E)a positive feedback stimulator

Question 57

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney,yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases.To test whether a patient has a pituitary tumor,they are injected with a hormone that inhibits the adrenal gland and cortisol levels are measured.What will happen in a patient with a pituitary tumor?

A)ACTH will increase and cortisol will decrease.
B)ACTH and cortisol will increase.
C)ACTH and cortisol will decrease.
D)ACTH will decrease and cortisol will increase.
E)ACTH and cortisol will remain unchanged.

Question 58

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney,yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The pituitary tumor releases mineralocorticoids.
B)The pituitary tumor releases glucocorticoids.
C)The pituitary tumor releases a hormone that inhibits the adrenal gland.
D)The pituitary tumor releases ACTH.
E)The pituitary tumor releases cortisol.

Question 59

A decrease in LH would affect which of the following?

A)milk secretion
B)tissue growth
C)blood pressure
D)secretion of glucocorticoids
E)ovulation

Question 60

In the section "Investigating Life: Addicted to Affection",what did the scientists conclude from the experiment?

A)Blocking hormone receptors in the reward area of the brain increased the likeliness of forming monogamous relationships.
B)Adding hormone receptors in the reward area of the brain increased the likeliness of forming monogamous relationships.
C)Blocking hormone receptors in the aggression area of the brain increased the likeliness of forming monogamous relationships.
D)Adding hormone receptors in the aggression area of the brain increased the likeliness of forming monogamous relationships.
E)Adding hormone receptors in the aggression area of the brain decreased the likeliness of forming monogamous relationships.

Question 61

The hypothalamus links the nervous and endocrine systems by controlling pituitary secretions.

Question 62

What is the advantage of the endocrine system over the nervous system?

A)Hormones last for only portions of a second and must be continually sent,unlike neural impulses.
B)Hormones remain in the bloodstream and cells for long periods of time to maintain homeostatsis,unlike neural impulses.
C)Hormones are received almost instantaneously by the target cell,unlike neural impulses.
D)Hormones are transported through nervous tissue,unlike neural impulses.
E)Hormones are transported through muscle,unlike neural impulses.

Question 63

What is the role of the endocrine system in animals?

A)fast communication between cells using electrical responses
B)slow communication between cells using electrical responses
C)fast communication between cells using hormonal responses
D)slow communication between cells using hormonal responses
E)fast communication between organs using electrical responses

Question 64

The endocrine system maintains ______ in homeostasis in animals.

A)metabolism
B)growth
C)development
D)sexual characteristics
E)All answers are correct.

Question 65

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into ducts that release the hormones into a body cavity.

Question 66

All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

Question 67

What occurs in the pineal gland when an animal is woken up at night with bright lights?

A)The pineal gland stops making melatonin.
B)The pineal gland produces melatonin.
C)The pineal gland releases high levels of melatonin into the bloodstream.
D)The pineal gland removes melatonin from the bloodstream.
E)The pineal gland is unaffected because there is no sunlight.

Question 68

Lipid-soluble hormones move easily through the cell membrane.

Question 69

When daylight saving time starts,clocks are turned forward one hour.Someone who woke up in the dark now wakes up in the light.How does this affect the melatonin production in that person?

A)Melatonin production starts an hour earlier when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
B)Melatonin production starts an hour later when the person goes to sleep,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
C)Melatonin production turns off an hour earlier when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
D)Melatonin production turns off an hour later when the person wakes up,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.
E)Melatonin production is not affected by a change of waking up in the dark to waking up in the light,altering the circadian rhythm of the person's daily activities.

Question 70

Some animals in cold-weather habitats hibernate for long periods of time during the winter by sleeping in dark dens until the weather becomes warmer.How does hibernation affect melatonin secretion?

A)Hibernation does not affect melatonin secretion because the sun and moon and still rising and setting.
B)Hibernation decreases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.
C)Hibernation increases melatonin secretion because the temperature is low.
D)Hibernation increases melatonin secretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.
E)Hibernation decreases melatonin sectretion because the animal is asleep in the dark.

Question 71

Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.

Question 72

The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes.

Question 73

In type 2 diabetes,specialized cells in the pancreas fail to produce insulin and release it into the blood stream.