Deck 22: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Whorl three of a flower is made up of

A)the female reproductive parts of a flower.
B)the male reproductive parts of a flower.
C)the sepals.
D)the petals.
E)the stem region.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The sporophyte generation of a plant is _________________ and produces ___________________ spores.

A)triploid;diploid
B)haploid;diploid
C)triploid;haploid
D)diploid;haploid
E)multicellular;diploid

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds and flowers.What is the greatest advantage to the production of seeds?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
B)It protects and nourishes the embryo.
C)It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
D)It allows fertilization in moist areas.
E)It promotes pollination.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a flower is

A)one.
B)two.
C)three.
D)four.
E)fivE.

Question 5

The whorl of a flower that consists of the male reproductive parts is the

A)stamen.
B)calyx.
C)stigma.
D)carpel.
E)corolla.

Question 6

A portion of a flower that is a green leaf-like structure that protects the inner floral parts is the

A)stigmA.
B)style.
C)sepal.
D)anther.
E)ovary.

Question 7

The whorl of a flower that consists of the female reproductive parts is the

A)carpel.
B)calyx.
C)stamen.
D)stigma.
E)corolla.

Question 8

A sweet substance used by many angiosperms to lure pollinators is

A)pollen.
B)honey.
C)"honey dew."
D)phloem sap.
E)nectar.

Question 9

The pollen-producing body of a flower is the

A)stigmA.
B)style.
C)ovary.
D)sepal.
E)anther.

Question 10

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds and flowers.What is the greatest advantage to the production of flowers?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
B)It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
C)It promotes pollination.
D)It allows fertilization in moist areas.
E)It protects and nourishes the embryo.

Question 11

Whorl four of a flower is made up of

A)the male reproductive parts of a flower.
B)the sepals.
C)the petals.
D)the female reproductive parts of a flower.
E)the stem region.

Question 12

The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the

A)stigmA.
B)ovary.
C)style.
D)anther.
E)sepal.

Question 13

In all major groups of multicellular organisms _______________ produces the cells that begin the haploid generation,and _________________ unites the gametes to begin the diploid generation.

A)mitosis;pollination
B)meiosis;fertilization
C)pollination;fertilization
D)fertilization;meiosis
E)fertilization;mitosis

Question 14

The whorl of a flower that consists of all the sepals is the

A)stamen.
B)stigma.
C)calyx.
D)carpel.
E)corolla.

Question 15

The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the

A)style.
B)anther.
C)ovary.
D)stigma.
E)sepal.

Question 16

Clones are

A)offspring that are produced sexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
B)offspring that are genetically identical to their parent only.
C)produced by asexual reproduction only.
D)offspring that are produced asexually and are genetically identical to their parent.
E)produced by sexual reproduction only.

Question 17

Whorl one,the outermost whorl of a flower,is made up of

A)the female reproductive parts of a flower.
B)the male reproductive parts of a flower.
C)the sepals.
D)the petals.
E)the stem region.

Question 18

Whorl two of a flower is made up of

A)the petals.
B)the female reproductive parts of a flower.
C)the male reproductive parts of a flower.
D)the sepals.
E)the stem region.

Question 19

The whorl of a flower that consists of all petals is the

A)calyx.
B)stamen.
C)stigma.
D)carpel.
E)corolla.

Question 20

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds,and flowers.What is the greatest advantage to the production of pollen?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water.
B)It is necessary for sexual reproduction.
C)It allows fertilization in moist areas.
D)It promotes pollination.
E)It protects and nourishes the embryo.

Question 21

A tissue formed from a triploid nucleus and that stores food for the developing plant embryo is the

A)endosperm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesosperm.
D)mesoderm.
E)microsporE.

Question 22

The type of fruit derived from tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries fuse is a(n)__________ fruit.

A)simple
B)double
C)multiple
D)aggregate
E)axillary

Question 23

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(n)_______________ to a receptive ________________.

A)ovary;stigma
B)stigma;ovary
C)stigma;anther
D)anther;stigma
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 24

A seed's response to gravity is called

A)thigmotropism.
B)phototropism.
C)organotropism.
D)gravitropism.
E)chemotropism.

Question 25

A directional response to touch exhibited by plants is called

A)thigmotropism.
B)gravitropism.
C)phototropism.
D)organotropism.
E)chemotropism.

Question 26

The type of fruit derived from one flower with many separate carpels is a(n)_____________ fruit.

A)simple
B)aggregate
C)double
D)axillary
E)multiple

Question 27

The plant hormone that triggers the withering of petals and stamens and promotes fruit ripening is

A)abscisic acid.
B)cytokinin.
C)gibberellin.
D)auxin.
E)ethylenE.

Question 28

Where are floral microspores produced?

A)anther
B)corolla
C)sepal
D)ovule
E)stigma

Question 29

Double fertilization reduces the energetic cost of reproduction.In gymnosperms,the female gametophyte stockpiles food for the embryo in advance of fertilization.The investment is wasted if no zygote ever forms.In contrast,double fertilization ensures that an angiosperm devotes energy to the zygote only if sperm fertilizes egg.Where is this energy stored in a fertilized angiosperm?

A)endosperm
B)stigma
C)zygote
D)pollen
E)egg

Question 30

The plant hormone that stimulates cell division in seeds and fruits is

A)cytokinin.
B)gibberellin.
C)auxin.
D)ethylene.
E)abscisic acid.

Question 31

A(n)______ is a chemical synthesized in small quantities in one part of an organism and transported to another,where a target cell is affected.

A)enzyme
B)megaspore
C)microspore
D)hormone
E)gametophyte

Question 32

The main pollinators of flowers that are easy to locate at night are

A)beetles.
B)birds.
C)bats and moths.
D)bees.
E)flies.

Question 33

Where are floral megaspores produced?

A)anther
B)ovule
C)corolla
D)sepal
E)stigma

Question 34

An example of a multiple fruit is a

A)blackberry.
B)peach.
C)pepper.
D)pineapple.
E)strawberry.

Question 35

The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is

A)germination.
B)fertilization.
C)pollination.
D)stagnation.
E)transpiration.

Question 36

In plants,molecules that perceive the quality and quantity of light are

A)chemoreceptors.
B)photoreceptors.
C)mechanoreceptors.
D)pressure receptors.
E)gradient receptors.

Question 37

The main pollinators of flowers that have markings visible only under ultraviolet light are

A)beetles.
B)birds.
C)bats and moths.
D)bees.
E)flies.

Question 38

The main pollinators of red flowers are

A)beetles.
B)bees.
C)birds.
D)moths.
E)bats.

Question 39

The hormone linked to the saying "one bad apple spoils the bushel" is

A)auxin.
B)cytokinin.
C)abscisic acid.
D)gibberellin.
E)ethylenE.

Question 40

The type of fruit derived from one flower with one carpel is a(n)______________ fruit.

A)simple
B)double
C)aggregate
D)axillary
E)multiple

Question 41

If a gardener cuts the apical meristem of a plant,lateral buds begin to grow which causes a bushier shape to develop.This is because the apical meristem normally secretes auxins that do which of the following?

A)stimulate the growth of lateral buds
B)suppress the growth of the apical meristem
C)stimulate the growth of the apical meristem
D)suppress the growth of lateral buds
E)stimulate the growth of roots

Question 42

What is a seed?

A)a diploid spore
B)a haploid gametophyte
C)a mature sporophyte
D)a mature pollen
E)a diploid embryo

Question 43

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its root grows downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots and shoots grow in opposite directions as the plant is rotated?

A)The roots and shoots respond to auxins,though in different directions.
B)Statoliths move in the opposite direction in roots and shoots.
C)The absorption of light occurs only in shoots.
D)The circadian rhythms of roots and shoots are opposite.
E)Differences in thigmotropism occur.

Question 44

One way to get fruit to ripen faster is to place it in a paper bag with other ripe fruit.Which of the following best explains this observation?

A)Ripe fruit releases ethylene gas.
B)Ripe fruit breaks down auxins.
C)The lack of oxygen promotes photosynthesis which ripens the fruit.
D)Ripe fruit carries fungi that attack other fruit.
E)When fruit is in the dark it thinks it is underground and begins to germinatE.

Question 45

You plant a seed in a pot containing soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.Which of the following is true of this plant?

A)It is a diploid monocot.
B)It is a diploid eudicot.
C)It is a triploid eudicot.
D)It is a triploid monocot.
E)It is polyploid monocot or eudicot.

Question 46

You plant a seed in a pot containing soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.This indicated that _________ was occurring.

A)photosynthesis
B)cellular respiration
C)sucrose production
D)alcohol fermentation
E)fertilization

Question 47

You plant a seed in a pot containing soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.In the first week,before the seedling even emerged from the soil,carbon dioxide levels increased in the closed chamber.The developing plant was using which of the following as a source of energy during this first week?

A)light
B)starch from the seed
C)water from the soil
D)sugars from the soil
E)nutrients from the soil

Question 48

From which structures do fruits arise?

A)flowers
B)leaves
C)stems
D)roots
E)apical meristems

Question 49

Cytokinins are produced in the root apical meristem and stimulate the growth of lateral buds.How do cytokinins reach the lateral buds?

A)through the phloem
B)through the xylem or phloem
C)through the xylem
D)by diffusion as a gas
E)through the phloem or by diffusion as a gas

Question 50

You plant a seed in a pot containing soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.The developing seedling was using which of the following as a source of energy during this time?

A)water from the soil
B)starch from the seed
C)sugars from the soil
D)nutrients from the soil
E)light

Question 51

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its root grows downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots and shoots respond to gravity?

A)by the absorption of light by phytochromes
B)through circadian rhythms
C)through thigmotropism
D)by sensing the photoperiod
E)by the movement of statoliths within the cell

Question 52

What is the normal function of fruits?

A)to protect seeds only
B)to disperse seeds only
C)to attract pollinators only
D)to protect and disperse seeds
E)to attract pollinators and protect seeds

Question 53

Double fertilization reduces the energetic cost of reproduction.In gymnosperms,the female gametophyte stockpiles food for the embryo in advance of fertilization.The investment is wasted if no zygote ever forms.In contrast,double fertilization ensures that an angiosperm devotes energy to the zygote only if sperm fertilizes egg.What do the sperm fertilize in a double fertilization?

A)the egg
B)two polar nuclei
C)the egg and two polar nuclei
D)the egg and zygote
E)the zygote

Question 54

The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off.Large,heavy seeds contain ample nutrient reserves to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far.Small seeds,on the other hand,store limited nutrients but tend to disperse far and wide.The crops that humans cultivate typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors.Why would humans primarily cultivate plants with larger seeds?

A)The plants with smaller seeds can already spread easily.
B)Smaller seeds are harder to collect.
C)The plants with larger seeds grow better with added fertilizer.
D)We eat the seeds.
E)We cannot grow plants with smaller seeds.

Question 55

Cocklebur will not flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light the cocklebur will not flower.Which of the following will trigger cocklebur to flower?

A)short dark periods
B)short light periods
C)long light periods
D)long dark periods

Question 56

Clover will flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will not flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light the clover will flower.Which of the following will trigger clover to flower?

A)short dark periods
B)long dark periods
C)short light periods
D)long light periods

Question 57

The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off.Large,heavy seeds contain ample nutrient reserves to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far.Small seeds,on the other hand,store limited nutrients but tend to disperse far and wide.The crops that humans cultivate typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors.How has human farming altered the evolution of these crops?

A)We grow the plants under conditions that favor the growth of larger seeds.
B)We have created crop plants that are more competitive in the wild than their ancestors.
C)By using fertilizers the seeds do not need to store as many nutrients.
D)Because we spread the seeds,we can spread more smaller seeds per acre,thus favoring these plants.
E)We have removed the selection pressure favoring small seed sizE.

Question 58

In the late 1870s,Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.How could light striking the tip of the grass cause bending a few centimeters from the tip?

A)The light must be striking the cells that bend as well.
B)A hormone must be carrying the response from the tip to the site of bending.
C)The bending must start at the tip and move down the entire blade of grass.
D)Bending is independent of the source of light.
E)The light is being transmitted from the tip to cells at the site of bending.

Question 59

In the late 1870s,Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered,phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light,the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.Which of the following was sensing the light?

A)auxin-producing cells in the tip of the grass
B)auxin-detecting cells in the tip of the grass
C)auxin-producing cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
D)auxin-detecting cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass

Question 60

If you wanted a grass plant to bend to the right,where would you want to apply auxin?

A)on the left side of the grass,a few centimeters down from the tip
B)on the right side of the grass,a few centimeters down from the tip
C)on the left side of the tip of the grass
D)on the right side of the tip of the grass

Question 61

Which of the following is a factor in the development of flowering plants?

A)All answers are correct.
B)insects
C)hormones
D)gravity
E)seasonal changes in temperature and light

Question 62

In the section "Investigating Life: A Red Hot Chili Pepper Paradox",seeds passing through which animals were most likely to germinate?

A)cactus mice only
B)pack rats only
C)both cactus mice and pack rats
D)thrashers,cactus mice,and pack rats
E)thrashers only

Question 63

The root and shoot apical meristems form at the same position in the plant embryo.

Question 64

Genetic and hormonal signals regulate the development of a plant.

Question 65

How are animals involved in the life cycle of plants?

A)as pollinators only
B)as pollinators and seed dispersers
C)as seed dispersers only
D)as seed germinators only
E)as seed germinators and dispersers

Question 66

Abscisic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

Question 67

A farmer might use gibberellins to stimulate stem elongation in plants,thereby increasing the crop yield in some plants.

Question 68

Seedless watermelons come from seeds that are triploid and therefore do not develop properly and are simply soft hulls that are easy to chew.

Question 69

Coconuts are fruits containing seeds that are usually wind-dispersed.

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT a variable in the reproduction of flowering plants?

A)hereditary information passed asexually
B)hereditary information passed sexually
C)hormones
D)gravity
E)seasonal changes in temperature and light

Question 71

The first step in the germination of a plant seed is the absorption of water.

Question 72

In the section "Investigating Life: A Red Hot Chili Pepper Paradox",the hypothesis being tested by the researchers is that peppers are hot

A)to deter seed destroyers without affecting dispersers.
B)to deter all animals from destroying the seeds.
C)to promote dispersion when animals drop the hot fruit.
D)for a reason unrelated to seed dispersal or destruction.
E)to promote pollination of the peppers.

Question 73

Angiosperms are the most recent group of plants to evolve,yet they can live in a greater diversity of habitats than any other group of plants.Why are angiosperms able to survive in deserts,at the top of mountains,and in marsh habitats?

A)Fertilization is possible without water.
B)Embryos can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination.
C)Flowers attract animals to spread pollen.
D)Fruits attract animals to spread seeds.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 74

A seed is an embryo and its food supply is inside a seed coat.

Question 75

In the section "Investigating Life: A Red Hot Chili Pepper Paradox",what conclusion did the researchers draw from their results?

A)The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and destroying the seeds.
B)The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and destroying the seeds.
C)The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and dispersing the seeds.
D)The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and dispersing the seeds.

Question 76

Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate the ripening of fruit.

Question 77

In the section "Investigating Life: A Red Hot Chili Pepper Paradox",which animals were most likely to eat the hot peppers?

A)cactus mice
B)pack rats
C)thrashers
D)cactus mice and pack rats
E)Thrashers,cactus mice,and pack rats all ate the peppers equally.

Question 78

Reproduction of flowering plants

A)relies upon wind to disperse seeds.
B)relies upon wind to disperse pollen.
C)All answers are correct.
D)relies upon animals to disperse pollen.
E)relies upon animals to disperse seeds.

Question 79

Gymnosperms are flowering plants.

Question 80

All tropisms result from differential growth in which one side of the responding organ grows faster than the other.