Deck 16: Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Question 1

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.In sexual reproduction,an alga releases gametes into the water and fertilization occurs.What reproductive adaptation did plants evolve on dry land?

A)stomata
B)vascular tissues
C)cuticle
D)pollen
E)lignin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis?

A)mitochondrion
B)chloroplast
C)central vacuole
D)cell membrane
E)Golgi body

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the

A)roots.
B)stomata.
C)xylem.
D)phloem.
E)cuticlE.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What advantage do gymnosperms have over ferns?

A)Gymnosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
B)Gymnosperms have alternation of generations.
C)Gymnosperms have a vascular system,which allows them to grow taller.
D)Gymnosperms can grow larger gametophytes.
E)Gymnosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.

Question 5

______ transport sugars produced by photosynthesis to the non-green parts of the plant.

A)Stomata
B)Roots
C)Phloem
D)Xylem
E)Cuticle

Question 6

What advantage do angiosperms have over gymnosperms?

A)Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
B)Angiosperms produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
C)Angiosperms have alternation of generations.
D)Angiosperms have a vascular system,which allows them to grow taller.
E)Angiosperms can produce spores,which are more stable than seeds from gymnosperms.

Question 7

In plants,

A)the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
B)the haploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
C)the haploid gametophyte develops into the sporophyte.
D)the diploid zygote develops into the gametophyte.
E)the haploid gametophyte produces gametes by meiosis.

Question 8

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What part did plants evolve to absorb water and minerals on dry land?

A)stomata
B)pollen
C)vascular tissues
D)cuticle
E)lignin

Question 9

Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.

A)spores
B)seeds,spores,and fronds
C)vascular tissue,spores,and fronds
D)pollen grains and seeds
E)fruit and flowers

Question 10

The substance that strengthens and supports cell walls,allowing plants to grow tall and upright is

A)sporophyte.
B)gametophyte.
C)chlorophyll.
D)stomata.
E)lignin.

Question 11

What advantage do ferns have over bryophytes?

A)Ferns photosynthesize.
B)Ferns are heterotrophs.
C)Ferns have a vascular system,which allow them to grow taller.
D)Ferns do not require water to reproduce.
E)Ferns have alternation of generations.

Question 12

In flowering plants,the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.

A)larger than
B)the same size as
C)located on a separate plant from
D)much smaller than
E)absent and the entire plant is composed of

Question 13

The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the

A)stomatA.
B)roots.
C)flowers.
D)pollen.
E)cuticlE.

Question 14

______ is/are a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant.

A)Stomata
B)Roots
C)Xylem
D)Phloem
E)Cuticle

Question 15

With few exceptions,which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?

A)They are multicellular organisms.
B)They are autotrophs.
C)They are eukaryotes.
D)They are heterotrophs.
E)They carry out photosynthesis.

Question 16

The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are

A)lignin and xylem.
B)xylem and phloem.
C)lignin and phloem.
D)xylem and stomata.
E)stomata and lignin.

Question 17

Evidence that algae are the closest relatives to plants is that they both

A)have chloroplasts.
B)contain chlorophyll a.
C)have cellulose-rich cell walls.
D)use starch as a nutrient reserve.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 18

In dry weather,plants reduce water loss by closing their

A)stomatA.
B)cuticle.
C)cell membranes.
D)vascular tissues.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 19

Plants and algae most recently shared a common ancestor 480 million years ago,and plants colonized land shortly after that.Light,water,minerals,and dissolved gases surround the whole body of a submerged green alga,and the buoyancy of water provides physical support.What part did plants evolve to absorb gases without drying out on dry land?

A)pollen
B)stomata
C)vascular tissues
D)cuticle
E)lignin

Question 20

The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the

A)xylem.
B)stomata.
C)roots.
D)phloem.
E)cuticlE.

Question 21

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

A)Most plants and animals evolved in SiberiA.
B)It is easier to take solid core samples.
C)The enzymes that make DNA are still active in the cells.
D)The freezing temperatures preserve the DNA.
E)Areas with permafrost are older than other parts of the world,allowing scientists to collect samples back 1.5 to 2 million years.

Question 22

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",an alternative hypotheses may explain the figure.Your lab partner states that perhaps mosses didn't evolve until recently,which is why they increase after herbs and shrubs.Which of the following would be the best response to your lab partner?

A)Mosses were actually the first land plants to appear.
B)Mosses are better adapted to dry climates.
C)All land plants appeared at roughly the same time.
D)If you look carefully at the figure,there were a few mosses present 300,000 years ago with other plants,so they had at least arisen prior to that.
E)Mammoths probably ate the mosses,so they did not appear until after the mammoths went extinct.

Question 23

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",which of the three plants in the figure requires water to allow sperm to swim to the egg?

A)herbs (grasses)
B)mosses
C)shrubs

Question 24

In bryophytes,the sporophyte is conspicuous or dominant.

Question 25

In angiosperms,pollen must complete mitosis to produce gametes.Therefore pollen are which of the following?

A)sporophytes
B)eggs
C)seeds
D)sperm
E)gametophytes

Question 26

In alternation of generations,a haploid gametophyte goes through mitosis to form a ____ gamete.

A)haploid
B)diploid
C)tetraploid
D)uniploid
E)No gametes are formed - this occurs in meiosis,not mitosis

Question 27

Many fern gametophytes are hermaphrodites,meaning they can produce both sperm and egg.Why is this necessary for a fern,but not for an angiosperm?

A)If one seed colonizes a new habitat,reproduction can occur in later stages.
B)The gametophyte can produce multiple types of spores.
C)The gametophyte can produce multiple types of seeds.
D)If one spore colonizes a new habitat,reproduction can occur in later stages.
E)Angiosperm gametes are diploid.

Question 28

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",why did the scientists choose to look for the gene encoding for rubisco protein in their core samples?

A)Plant cells do not have mitochondriA.
B)Plant cells do not have a nucleus.
C)It is used in respiration by all plants.
D)It is used in photosynthesis by all plants.
E)It is present only in angiosperms.

Question 29

Fossil evidence places the origin of angiosperms in the early Cretaceous period,at least 130 million years ago.By 100 million years ago,all of today's major lineages of angiosperms had evolved.Angiosperms make up 95% of all modern plant species.Which of the following may help explain the rapid success of angiosperms?

A)use of the wind to disperse pollen and seeds
B)use of flowers and fruits to protect and disperse both pollen and seeds
C)use of the wind to disperse spores
D)use of water to disperse pollen and seeds
E)All answers are correct.

Question 30

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",the decrease of herbs (grasses)and increase in mosses suggest that the climate in Siberia has become __________ in the past 10,000 years.

A)dryer
B)hotter
C)colder
D)wetter
E)saltier

Question 31

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

A)autotrophs
B)primary consumers
C)detritovores
D)decomposers
E)heterotrophs

Question 32

Stomata allow plants to exchange gases with the atmosphere.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a member of the gymnosperms?

A)conifers
B)ferns
C)gnetophytes
D)cycads
E)ginkgos

Question 34

A plant embryo (young sporophyte)packaged with a food supply in a tough outer coat is a

A)flower.
B)pollen grain.
C)seed.
D)sperm.
E)fruit.

Question 35

Which of the following was the most recent to evolve?

A)angiosperms
B)gymnosperms
C)seedless vascular plants
D)bryophytes
E)green algae

Question 36

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",why did the scientists choose to look specifically for vertebrate mitochondrial genes in their core samples?

A)Only vertebrates eat plants.
B)Plants and animals have different mitochondrial genes.
C)Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
D)Animal cells do not have nucleus.
E)Animals were present in Beringia before plants.

Question 37

Molecular evidence suggests that plants and green algae do not descend from a common ancestor.

Question 38

The term "gymnosperm" literally means

A)"clothed ovule."
B)"naked seed."
C)"naked ovule."
D)"clothed seeD."
E)"clothed sperm."

Question 39

In alternation of generations,a diploid sporophyte goes through meiosis to form ____ spores.

A)diploid
B)tetraploid
C)haploid
D)uniploid
E)no spores (This occurs in mitosis,not meiosis. )

Question 40

In alternation of generations,two haploid gametes fuse in fertilization to form a ____ zygote.

A)haploid
B)diploid
C)tetraploid
D)No zygote is formed (Spores are formed instead).
E)uniploid

Question 41

What is the advantage of producing a seed over a spore?

A)Seeds are diploid,and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
B)Seeds are haploid,and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
C)Seeds are diploid,and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
D)Seeds are haploid,and can grow directly into a gametophyte.
E)Producing seeds over spores is a disadvantagE.

Question 42

Seedless vascular plants can ______ without water,but cannot ______ without water.

A)reproduce asexually;reproduce sexually
B)reproduce sexually;reproduce asexually
C)grow;reproduce
D)utilize phloem;utilize xylem
E)utilize xylem;utilize phloem

Question 43

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds,flowers,and fruit?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)All plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds,flowers,and fruit.

Question 44

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem,seeds,flowers,and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)All plants

Question 45

The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the

A)endosperm.
B)fruit.
C)seed coat.
D)spore coat.
E)pollen grain.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a way plants affect life on Earth?

A)Top of food webs
B)Habitat for microscopic and macroscopic organisms
C)Fuel source directly as nutrition and indirectly as wood and coal
D)Prevent erosion of landscape by rooting into soil and other substrates
E)Provide oxygen that forms the ozone layer

Question 47

Which group of plants lack true leaves and roots?

A)liverworts,hornworts,and mosses
B)ferns,club mosses,horsetails,and whisk ferns
C)ginkgo,cycads,conifers,and gnetophytes
D)monocots and eudicots
E)All plants lack true leaves and roots.

Question 48

The two groups of angiosperms are

A)mosses and club mosses.
B)ginkgos and cycads.
C)monocots and eudicots.
D)horsetails and ferns.
E)conifers and gnetophytes.

Question 49

Cycads are

A)trees that produce flowers.
B)bryophytes.
C)trees that produce large cones.
D)algae.
E)ferns.

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems",which of the following groups of animals was most likely to be present given the abundance of herbs and grasses and lack of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA in samples from Siberia 300-400,000 years ago?

A)mammals
B)arthropods (insects)
C)birds
D)amphibians
E)reptiles

Question 51

The cones of gymnosperms play the same role as ______ in angiosperms.

A)flowers
B)seeds
C)leaves
D)fruit
E)roots

Question 52

What is the purpose of flowers?

A)to attract pollinators
B)to support gamete production
C)to capture wind-blown pollen
D)to protect reproductive structures
E)All answers are correct.

Question 53

Flowers and fruits are unique to

A)angiosperms.
B)bryophytes.
C)gymnosperms.
D)conifers.
E)cycads.

Question 54

Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot

A)sexually reproduce.
B)grow tall.
C)asexually reproduce.
D)produce a gametophyte stage.
E)produce a sporophyte stagE.

Question 55

A cotyledon is

A)the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.
B)a spore-like structure used for reproduction in plants.
C)the fruit produced by flowers of angiosperms.
D)a tissue fragment of tissue used for reproduction in bryophytes.
E)the zygote formed in ferns from the union of two gametes.

Question 56

The four phyla of the gymnosperms are

A)monocotyledons,dicotyledons,conifers,and cycads.
B)horsetails,true ferns,whisk ferns,and club mosses.
C)conifers,monocotyledons,dicotyledons,and cycads.
D)mosses,liverworts,club mosses,and hornworts.
E)conifers,cycads,ginkgos,and gnetophytes.

Question 57

The purpose of fruit is to provide nourishment for the growing plant after the seed germinates.

Question 58

The fruits of plants primarily function in

A)providing food for animals.
B)seed protection.
C)both protecting and dispersing seeds.
D)seed dispersal.
E)both feeding animals and protecting seeds.

Question 59

How have plants transformed the world?

A)Food source for many animals,fungi,and even some prokaryotes and protists
B)Habitat for breeding,rearing young,and escaping predators
C)Photosynthesis provides oxygen for aerobic respiration to make ATP
D)Fibers for clothing and paper
E)All answers are correct.