Deck 11: DNA Technology

Question 1

In creating a transgenic organism,the ____ from one species is inserted into another species.

A)RNA
B)DNA
C)protein
D)DNA or protein
E)plasmid

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The results of DNA sequencing are used

A)to predict protein sequences.
B)to compare DNA sequences between humans.
C)to compare DNA sequences between different species.
D)to compare DNA sequences between related extinct and extant organisms.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

An example of DNA technology is

A)transferring genes from a bacterium to a fish.
B)sexual reproduction between two fish.
C)asexual reproduction in one bacterium.
D)a cat feeding upon a mouse.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Gene therapy might someday be used to treat many genetic disorders by removing faulty genes from somatic cells and replacing them with functional gene copies.

Question 5

DNA technology can be used to determine how humans are related to other living organisms.

Question 6

In cloning the sheep Dolly,a nucleus was implanted into an egg that had its nucleus removed.The result of this somatic cell nuclear transfer was a(n)____ egg.

A)haploid
B)recombinant
C)unfertilized
D)diploid
E)tetraploid

Question 7

To which types of organisms can cloning technology be applied?

A)asexually-reproducing organisms
B)sexually-reproducing organisms
C)animals
D)prokaryotes
E)all extant and extinct organisms with DNA available to scientists

Question 8

The Taq _______ enzyme is used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)because it remains stable at high temperatures.

A)DNA polymerase
B)RNA polymerase
C)ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
D)primase
E)cytoskeleton

Question 9

Stem cell technology has the potential to

A)produce any type of cell in the body.
B)replace damaged cells after an injury.
C)replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a genetic disease.
D)replace absent or incorrect cells resulting from a nongenetic disease.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 10

Why is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)a very common tool since its invention in the 1980s?

A)rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of bacterial cells
B)rapidly replicates DNA sequences with the use of animal cells
C)rapidly replicates DNA sequences without the use of living organisms
D)eliminates need for recombinant DNA
E)reduces the size of plasmids and speeds their insertion

Question 11

Cloning through DNA technology is most similar to

A)asexual reproduction.
B)sexual reproduction.
C)stem cells' replacement of faulty cells.
D)meiosis.
E)mate selection.

Question 12

DNA technology can result in

A)cloned pets.
B)All answers are correct.
C)tomatoes with an added gene that slows the rate of decay.
D)detection of DNA at a crime scene.
E)removal of genetic disorders.

Question 13

Genetically-modified bacteria are responsible for producing

A)All answers are correct.
B)human insulin to treat diabetes.
C)blood clotting factors to treat hemophilia.
D)fertility hormones for humans.
E)amino acid phenylalanine used in the artificial sweetener aspartamE.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT an application of DNA technology?

A)selection of desired traits in breeding
B)detection of genetic illnesses
C)replacement of faulty copies of genes
D)production of genetically-modified crops with greater nutritional value
E)determination of identity of criminals through DNA profiling

Question 15

How does DNA profiling detect genetic differences between individuals?

A)uses short tandem repeats and other variable parts of the genome
B)uses shared genetic sequences
C)uses entire genomes
D)All answers are correct.
E)uses only coding regions of the genome

Question 16

How can stem cells replace faulty cells in the body?

A)Stem cells can be coaxed to differentiate into the needed specific cell type.
B)Stem cells can mitotically divide,providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
C)Stem cells can meiotically divide,providing more stem cells to directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
D)Faulty cells can be coaxed to differentiate into stem cells and directly replace the faulty cells and their functions.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 17

DNA technology is used to

A)copy DNA.
B)sequence DNA nucleotides.
C)search for specific sequences of DNA.
D)turn genes on and off.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 18

An organism that receives recombinant DNA

A)has a genetic disease.
B)is a transgenic organism.
C)will develop cancer.
D)is sterile.
E)is a new species.

Question 19

A transgenic organism is an organism that receives all of its genes from only a single parent.

Question 20

Growth and development of a normal cell differs from a stem cell because

A)normal cells do not specialize into stem cells.
B)stem cells do not specialize into normal cells.
C)stem cells are not found in adult organisms.
D)mature stem cells do not contain DNA.
E)mature normal cells do not contain DNA.

Question 21

Gene probes locate specific DNA sequences by

A)binding with the complementary sequence in a genome.
B)turning off genes in specialized cells.
C)creating cloned genes.
D)electrophoresis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following is used to detect the presence of specific genetic disorders in fetuses,newborns,children,and adults?

A)somatic cell nuclear transfer
B)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
C)genetic testing
D)gene therapy
E)All answers are correct.

Question 23

DNA probes can be used to detect the alleles for

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)hemophilia.
C)All answers are correct.
D)Tay-Sachs syndrome.
E)sickle cell diseasE.

Question 24

A common feature of preimplantation genetic diagnosis,genetic testing,and gene therapy is

A)the use of DNA technology to detect or treat genetic disorders.
B)the destruction of faulty DNA in the human genome.
C)the replacement of faulty DNA in the human genome.
D)the use of stem cells.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 25

98.5% of the human genome does not encode proteins.

Question 26

If the gene for a genetic disorder has the DNA sequence AATCGACTACCGTA,then the DNA probe has the sequence

A)AATCGACTACCGTA.
B)AAUCGACUACCGUA.
C)UUAGCUGACGGCAU.
D)TTAGCTGATGGCAT.

Question 27

What is the function of transposable elements in human DNA?

A)repeated segments with no known function
B)nonrepeated segments with no known function
C)repeated segments that encode rRNA
D)nonrepeated segments that encode tRNA
E)repeated segments that encode rRNA and tRNA

Question 28

Human DNA encodes

A)All answers are correct.
B)regulatory sequences that control gene expression.
C)tRNA.
D)rRNA.
E)proteins.

Question 29

Which of the following is used to replace faulty DNA by introducing alleles which do not result in a genetic disorder?

A)gene therapy
B)somatic cell nuclear transfer
C)genetic testing
D)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
E)All answers are correct.

Question 30

Cloning and sexual reproduction result in two genetically-identical cells/organisms.

Question 31

Growth of ______ does NOT include turning off genes.

A)stem cells
B)cardiac tissue
C)red blood cells
D)bacterial cells
E)All answers are correct.

Question 32

DNA probes are typically labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to locate within the genome after binding.

Question 33

All of the human genome encodes proteins.

Question 34

Human DNA includes

A)encoding RNA and regulatory sequences that control gene expression.
B)genes that are transcribed but not translated.
C)pseudogenes.
D)remnants of old genes from ancestors.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 35

Mitosis of a stem cell in a child or adult results in ______;mitosis of a specialized cell in a child or adult results in ______.

A)one stem cell and one specialized cell;two specialized cells
B)two specialized cells;one specialized cell
C)two stem cells;one stem cell
D)one stem cell and one specialized cell;two stem cells
E)two stem cells;one stem cell and one specialized cell

Question 36

Cloning results in two genetically-identical cells/organisms;sexual reproduction results in genetically-different cells/organisms.

Question 37

Electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing

A)to separate the DNA fragments.
B)to make copies of the DNA fragments.
C)to transfer DNA between organisms.
D)to remove DNA from an organism.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 38

Which of the following is used to ensure absence of a specific genetic disorder through selection of embryos for in vitro fertilization?

A)preimplantation genetic diagnosis
B)genetic testing
C)gene therapy
D)somatic cell nuclear transfer
E)All answers are correct.

Question 39

What is the correct order of steps to create a transgenic organism?

A)acquire source DNA,obtain a plasmid,create recombinant DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell
B)obtain a plasmid,create recombinant DNA,acquire source DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell
C)obtain a plasmid,acquire source DNA,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,create recombinant DNA
D)insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,obtain a plasmid,acquire source DNA,create recombinant DNA
E)acquire source DNA,obtain a plasmid,insert the recombinant DNA into a recipient cell,create recombinant DNA

Question 40

DNA technology can be applied to prevent,detect,and treat genetic diseases.

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?",what did the scientists conclude?

A)The two genomes are 96% alike.
B)There are genetic differences in the noncoding regions.
C)Coding regions are 99% alike.
D)Humans have 46 chromosomes and chimps have 48 chromosomes.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue surrounding the use of DNA technology in human medicine?

A)May reduce human suffering through elimination of genetic disorders.
B)Cost may limit use to only wealthy people.
C)Early detection may result in termination of pregnancies with only a mild disorder.
D)May result in quest for perfection that leads to unhealthy practices.
E)All of the choices are ethical issues.

Question 43

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?",the scientists questioned what

A)genetically differentiates humans from our closest relatives.
B)caused human brains to be more advanced than other animals.
C)caused humans to walk on two limbs compared to primates,who walk on four limbs.
D)physically separates humans and chimpanzees from other primates.
E)chromosomes all primates have in common.

Question 44

Genetic testing may lead to ethical issues,such as whether results should be used to determine who receives health insurance.

Question 45

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?",when future research discovers a region of the genome that differs between humans and chimpanzees it

A)indicates a mutation has occurred.
B)All answers are correct.
C)shows precisely how human DNA differs from that of our closest relative.
D)presents an explanation for a genetic disorder that occurs in only one of the two species.
E)may occur in the coding or noncoding regions of the genomes.

Question 46

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?",what may explain why the genomes of humans and chimpanzees are so similar,yet our phenotypes are so different?

A)Humans and chimpanzees have almost all the same genes,but turn on and off different genes resulting in different phenotypes.
B)Most human genes are located in the noncoding regions,while most chimpanzee genes are located in the coding regions.
C)Most chimpanzee genes are located in the noncoding regions,while most human genes are located in the coding regions.
D)Human genes are transcribed more frequently than chimpanzee genes.
E)Human genes are translated more frequently than chimpanzee genes.

Question 47

Although ethically questionable,it is possible to correct a genetic disorder through gene therapy in germline cells which give rise to gametes.

Question 48

In the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?",what was the sequence of steps used to sequence a chimpanzee genome?

A)isolated DNA,fragmented DNA,inserted DNA into plasmids,bacteria replicated plasmids,extracted plasmids from bacterial cells
B)bacteria replicated plasmids,inserted DNA into plasmids,fragmented DNA,isolated DNA,extracted plasmids from bacterial cells
C)bacteria replicated plasmids,isolated DNA,inserted DNA into plasmids,fragmented DNA,extracted plasmids from bacterial cells
D)isolated DNA,inserted DNA into plasmids,fragmented DNA,bacteria replicated plasmids,extracted plasmids from bacterial cells
E)fragmented DNA,inserted DNA into plasmids,bacteria replicated plasmids,isolated DNA,extracted plasmids from bacterial cells

Question 49

Applications of DNA technology may result in negative effects,including

A)All answers are correct.
B)creating too much of a cellular product.
C)insertion into an incorrect location in a chromosome.
D)triggering cancer.
E)triggering unwanted immune responses.

Question 50

What are the possible effects of gene doping?

A)encode for new or more proteins than previously existed in the cell
B)boost the production of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production
C)make athletes better competitors
D)result in negative effects in the body
E)All answers are correct.