Deck 8: DNA Replication and Cell Division

Question 1

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)ligase.
D)helicase.
E)DNA polymerasE.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is

A)fertilization.
B)recombination.
C)replication.
D)mitosis.
E)germination.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with

A)ionic bonds.
B)hydrogen bonds.
C)weak chemical bonds.
D)covalent bonds.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Apoptosis is also called

A)replication.
B)mitosis.
C)programmed cell death.
D)the cell cycle.
E)programmed cellular reproduction.

Question 5

The genome of an organism is all of its

A)proteins.
B)RNA.
C)characteristics.
D)genetic material.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 6

A nucleosome consists of

A)a stretch of DNA and histones.
B)a stretch of DNA only.
C)a stretch of RNA only.
D)a stretch of RNA and a ribosome.
E)histones only.

Question 7

A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a

A)chromosome.
B)nucleus.
C)ribosome.
D)Golgi body.
E)centriolE.

Question 8

Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because

A)they become less tightly wound.
B)they become more tightly wound.
C)they increase in length.
D)they leave the cell.
E)they increase in length and leave the cell.

Question 9

Sister chromatids are

A)genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.
B)genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere.
C)genetically different.
D)genetically identical.
E)attached to each other at the centromerE.

Question 10

Mutations may be caused by

A)errors in prokaryotic replication.
B)exposure to radiation.
C)exposure to chemicals.
D)errors in eukaryotic replication.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 11

A discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein defines the term

A)nucleosome.
B)chromosome.
C)centromere.
D)histone.
E)genomE.

Question 12

The process by which DNA reproduces itself is

A)protein synthesis.
B)aerobic respiration.
C)replication.
D)substrate-phosphorylation.
E)photosynthesis.

Question 13

Before a cell divides,it must first duplicate its entire

A)cytoplasmic contents.
B)cell membrane structure.
C)array of enzymes.
D)genome.
E)cell wall.

Question 14

One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome defines the term

A)centromere.
B)chromatin.
C)chromosome.
D)nucleosome.
E)chromatid.

Question 15

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

A)helicase.
B)interphase.
C)DNA polymerase.
D)prophase.
E)ligasE.

Question 16

DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus defines the term

A)centromere.
B)nucleosome.
C)histone.
D)chromatin.
E)chromosomE.

Question 17

Mitosis is used for all of the following except

A)repair of damaged cells.
B)growth of an organism.
C)asexual reproduction.
D)formation of gametes.
E)production of genetically-identical daughter cells.

Question 18

Strands of DNA are joined by

A)hydrogen bonds.
B)covalent bonds.
C)ionic bonds.
D)phosphodiester bonds.

Question 19

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

A)ATP synthase
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)NAD
E)FAD

Question 20

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term

A)chromatin.
B)nucleosome.
C)centromere.
D)histone.
E)None of the answers are correct

Question 21

The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)mitosis.
B)interphase.
C)synthesis.
D)cytokinesis.
E)replication.

Question 22

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is

A)interphase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 23

How does the space between our fingers arise?

A)The cells form by apoptosis.
B)Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C)The cells die by apoptosis.
D)Meiosis of the cells is blockeD.
E)The cells become part of the fingers.

Question 24

The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes in order to pull and separate them is the

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)centromere.
C)centrosome.
D)mitotic spindle.
E)kinetochorE.

Question 25

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope begins to reform around chromosomes is

A)prophase.
B)interphase.
C)metaphase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 26

The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis.
B)interphase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.
C)prophase - anaphase - metaphase - telophase.
D)interphase - prophase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase.
E)metaphase - anaphase - interphase - prophase - telophase - cytokinesis.

Question 27

The replication of DNA during the eukaryotic cell cycle occurs during

A)mitosis.
B)cytokinesis.
C)prophase.
D)telophase.
E)interphasE.

Question 28

The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are

A)interphase and cytokinesis.
B)interphase and mitosis.
C)mitosis and cytokinesis.
D)interphase and prophase.
E)mitosis and meiosis.

Question 29

The structure that organizes the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle is the

A)centromere.
B)kinetochore.
C)centrosome.
D)cytoskeleton.
E)microfilaments.

Question 30

Meiosis is a process used for

A)repair of damaged cells.
B)growth of an organism.
C)asexual reproduction.
D)production of stem cells.
E)production of gametes.

Question 31

The phase of mitosis in which the nuclear envelope breaks into small pieces is

A)prophase.
B)metaphase.
C)anaphase.
D)interphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 32

In an asexual life cycle,cells reproduce by

A)meiosis.
B)fertilization.
C)meiosis and fertilization.
D)mitosis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 33

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is

A)interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase - cytokinesis.
B)interphase - prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase.
C)metaphase - anaphase - prophase - telophase.
D)prophase - metaphase - cytokinesis - anaphase - telophase.
E)prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophasE.

Question 34

The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is

A)mitosis.
B)interphase.
C)cytokinesis.
D)metaphase.
E)anaphasE.

Question 35

The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a

A)cell plate.
B)cleavage furrow.
C)cell wall.
D)nucleolus.
E)nuclear envelopE.

Question 36

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is

A)metaphase.
B)prophase.
C)interphase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 37

The first sign of cytokinesis in a plant cell is the formation of a

A)nuclear envelope.
B)nucleolus.
C)cleavage furrow.
D)cell plate.
E)spindle fiber.

Question 38

In a sexual life cycle,a zygote (fertilized egg)grows to an adult by

A)meiosis.
B)fertilization.
C)meiosis and fertilization.
D)mitosis.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 39

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read

A)3' ATGTGCC 5'.
B)3' TACACGG 5'.
C)3' UACACGG 5'.
D)3' CGTGTAA 5'.
E)3' GGCACAT 5'.

Question 40

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is

A)prophase.
B)anaphase.
C)interphase.
D)metaphase.
E)telophasE.

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",what did the researchers conclude from part b.of the figure?

A)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developed.
B)Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
C)Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
D)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of resistance.
E)Tumors in untreated cells shrank in sizE.

Question 42

A cell condenses its DNA into ______ in preparation for mitosis.

A)centromere
B)chromatin
C)centrioles
D)two nuclei
E)chromosomes

Question 43

A replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 44

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' CGGCATTA 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read

A)3' CGGCATTA 5'.
B)3' ATTACGGC 5'.
C)3' GCCGTUUT 5'.
D)3' GCCGTAAT 5'.
E)3' TAATGCCG 5'.

Question 45

If a mutation causes the "T" base in the base sequence 5' AGTCCG 3' to be read as a "G" base,DNA replication of the mutated sequence will read

A)3' TCCGGC 5'.
B)3' AGGCCG 5'.
C)3' CTTAAT 5'.
D)3' UCCGGC 5'.
E)3' AGTCCG 5'.

Question 46

When DNA replicates

A)the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA.
B)one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.
C)the original DNA unwinds,and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back up.
D)transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication.
E)a cell that was diploid (2N)will now be tetraploid (4N).

Question 47

Why don't plant cells form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis?

A)because they don't have a cell membrane
B)because their cells don't divide after mitosis,but become one larger cell with multiple nuclei
C)because they have a cell wall
D)because they don't have a nucleus
E)All answers are correct.

Question 48

Replication takes place during the G1 phase of interphase.

Question 49

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",endostatin is a 184-amino acid protein that only affects endothelial cells.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Endothelial cells produce endostatin.
B)Endostatin can diffuse across the membrane of endothelial cells.
C)Only endothelial cells are exposed to endostatin.
D)Endothelial cells have a receptor on their cell membrane for endostatin.
E)Endostatin enters endothelial cells by endocytosis.

Question 50

If a mutation causes the "G" base in the base sequence 5' AATGAC 3' to be read as a "T" base,DNA replication of the mutated sequence will read

A)3' AATTAC 5'.
B)3' TTCCTG 5'.
C)3' GGCCGT 5'.
D)3' TTAATG 5'.
E)3' AATGAC 5'.

Question 51

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",what is the dependent variable in the figure?

A)volume of the tumor in humans
B)treatment days
C)treatment with endostatin
D)treatment with standard chemotherapy drug
E)the volume of the tumor in mice

Question 52

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell

A)dividing after mutations are fixed.
B)continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
C)condensing its chromosomes before mitosis.
D)aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase.
E)pulling chromosomes apart during anaphasE.

Question 53

Each newly replicated molecule of DNA contains one conserved strand from the original DNA molecule.

Question 54

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",what hypothesis were the researchers testing by treating tumors with endostatin and the standard chemotherapy drug?

A)Endostatin works on endothelial cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
B)Endostatin works on tumor cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in endothelial cells.
C)The standard chemotherapy drug works on endothelial cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in tumor cells.
D)The standard chemotherapy drug works on tumor cells,and therefore natural selection for resistance will not occur in endothelial cells.

Question 55

During each round of replication,a mutation occurs in approximately 1% of a cell's nucleotides.

Question 56

Any change in a cell's DNA sequence is a mutation.

Question 57

During cytokinesis of a plant cell,the cell divides by forming a cleavage furrow.

Question 58

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",the standard chemotherapy drug forms crosslinks between the two strands of DNA in a chromosome.How is this effective in chemotherapy?

A)It blocks cytokinesis.
B)It delays DNA replication.
C)It activates the cell cycle.
D)It activates cytokinesis.
E)It aids spindle fibers in anaphasE.

Question 59

In the section "Investigating Life: Cutting Off a Tumor's Supply Lines in the War on Cancer",what did the researchers conclude from part a.of the figure?

A)Endostatin shrank tumors but resistance developed.
B)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors without development of resistance.
C)Endostatin shrank tumors without development of resistance.
D)The standard chemotherapy drug delayed the growth of tumors but resistance developeD.
E)Tumors in untreated cells shrank in sizE.

Question 60

The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function.A cell treated with taxol would become stuck in which phase?

A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 61

The plant cell in the image labeled "c" is in the cell cycle stage

A)metaphase.
B)telophase.
C)anaphase.
D)interphase.

Question 62

The plant cell in the image labeled "a" is in the cell cycle stage

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)anaphase.
D)telophase.
E)metaphasE.

Question 63

During the cell cycle there are several checkpoints that ensure that the cell cycle is proceeding correctly.

Question 64

An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two daughter cells is called

A)mitosis.
B)binary fusion.
C)daughter cell duplication.
D)binary fission.
E)conjugation.

Question 65

If a cancer metastasizes,its cells travel through the blood stream and colonize other areas of the body.

Question 66

Bacteria and archaeans do not receive new genetic material from binary fission,but from mutations and gene transfers.

Question 67

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis?

A)Both result in genetically-identical cells.
B)Both result in one daughter cell.
C)Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
D)Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 68

Binary fission produces ______ cells,mitosis produces ______ cells,and meiosis produces ______ cells.

A)prokaryotic;eukaryotic body;eukaryotic sex
B)genetic;body;sex
C)eukaryotic;prokaryotic body;prokaryotic sex
D)genetically-different;genetically-identical;genetically-different
E)genetically-identical;genetically-different;genetically-identical

Question 69

The plant cell in the image labeled "b" is in the cell cycle stage

A)interphase.
B)telophase.
C)anaphase.
D)metaphase.
E)prophasE.

Question 70

An abnormal mass of tissue is a tumor.

Question 71

The plant cell in the image labeled "d" is in the cell cycle stage

A)metaphase.
B)anaphase.
C)prophase.
D)telophase.
E)interphasE.

Question 72

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk for developing cancer?

A)vigorous exercise
B)poor diet
C)mutated genes
D)sun exposure
E)tobacco

Question 73

The plant cell in the image labeled "e" is in the cell cycle stage

A)interphase.
B)telophase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.
E)metaphasE.

Question 74

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis?

A)Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction.
B)Both result in genetically-identical cells.
C)Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.
D)Both result in two daughter cells.
E)All answers are correct.