Deck 6: How Cells Release Energy

Question 1

Glycolysis of a glucose molecule

A)produces a net gain of two molecules of ATP.
B)occurs only in animal cells.
C)transfers electrons from glucose to FAD.
D)occurs only in microorganisms.
E)occurs in mitochondria.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The reactants for cellular respiration are

A)glucose and ATP.
B)water and ATP.
C)oxygen and ATP.
D)glucose and oxygen.
E)carbon dioxide and glucosE.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

During glycolysis,molecules of glucose are

A)broken down into two molecules of carbon dioxide.
B)combined to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C)combined to form two molecules of carbon dioxide.
D)broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
E)broken down into two molecules of oxygen.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The products of cellular respiration are

A)carbon dioxide,glucose,and water.
B)glucose,water,and ATP.
C)glucose,carbon dioxide,and ATP.
D)oxygen,ATP,and water.
E)carbon dioxide,water,and ATP.

Question 5

The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step by step is because

A)cells do not store enough oxygen.
B)cells do not contain many mitochondria.
C)glucose breaks down slowly inside a cell.
D)it enables cells to harness energy released at each step.
E)cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly.

Question 6

Plants are

A)net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers.
B)net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers.
C)net O₂ and CO₂ producers.
D)net O₂ and CO₂ consumers.
E)able to conduct photosynthesis,not cellular respiration.

Question 7

Animals are

A)net O₂ producers and CO₂ consumers.
B)net O₂ and CO₂ producers.
C)net O₂ consumers and CO₂ producers.
D)net O₂ and CO₂ consumers.
E)able to conduct photosynthesis,not cellular respiration.

Question 8

The electrons that are transferred during cellular respiration are carried in the molecules

A)NADP and FADH₂.
B)NADH and FADH₂.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)NADH₂ and glucose.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 9

The area enclosed by the highly-folded inner mitochondrial membrane is the

A)cytoplasm.
B)nucleus.
C)outer membrane.
D)intermembrane compartment.
E)matrix.

Question 10

The "spent" electrons from the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration are transferred to

A)oxygen.
B)nitrogen.
C)hydrogen.
D)sulfur.
E)carbon dioxidE.

Question 11

In animal cells,the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the

A)ribosome.
B)lysosome.
C)Golgi body.
D)None of the answers are correct.
E)mitochondrion.

Question 12

Glycolysis occurs in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)mitochondrion.
C)lysosome.
D)nucleus.
E)cell membranE.

Question 13

The enzyme that forms a channel in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and adds a phosphate to ADP is

A)ATP synthase.
B)NADH synthase.
C)FADH₂ synthase.
D)ADP synthase.
E)NADPH synthasE.

Question 14

Glycolysis does not require

A)ATP.
B)glucose.
C)enzymes.
D)NAD.
E)oxygen.

Question 15

The chemical formula for glucose is ______.

A)C₆H₁₂O₆
B)C₁₂H₆O₁₂
C)C₆H₆O₁₂
D)C₁₂H₁₂O₆
E)C₁H₂O₁

Question 16

The three main biochemical pathways of cellular respiration are

A)glycolysis,photosystems,and carbon reactions.
B)carbon reactions,Krebs cycle,and light reactions.
C)Krebs cycle,carbon reactions,and electron transport chain.
D)glycolysis,Krebs cycle,and electron transport chain.
E)light reactions,carbon reactions,and electron transport chain.

Question 17

The Krebs cycle occurs in the

A)lysosome.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)mitochondrion.
E)ribosomE.

Question 18

The electron transport chain occurs in the

A)lysosome.
B)nucleus.
C)cytoplasm.
D)ribosome.
E)mitochondrion.

Question 19

In eukaryotic cells,NADH and FADH₂ are transported along the electron transport chain in the

A)inner mitochondrial membrane.
B)matrix.
C)outer mitochondrial membrane.
D)cell membrane.
E)cytoplasm.

Question 20

Fermentation is most common in

A)plants.
B)animals.
C)fungi.
D)microbes.
E)viruses.

Question 21

Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to

A)regenerate NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.
B)produce ATP in the presence of oxygen.
C)produce more ATP than in respiration.
D)allow an animal to survive for long periods of time in the absence of oxygen.
E)produce less CO₂.

Question 22

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle do not capture all of the energy in a glucose molecule because

A)ATP easily vaporizes.
B)energy cannot be created or destroyed.
C)some glucose is not broken down.
D)some energy is always lost as heat during chemical reactions.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 23

In glycolysis and the Krebs cycle,electrons are removed from glucose and taken up by molecules like NAD⁺.In such a reaction,glucose is being _____ and NAD⁺ is being ____.

A)reduced,oxidized
B)oxidized,reduced
C)phosphorylated,oxidized
D)phosphorylated,reduced
E)reduced,phosphorylated

Question 24

The electron transport chain produces a/an _____________ gradient.

A)electron
B)ATP
C)NADH
D)oxygen
E)proton

Question 25

The compound that enters the Krebs cycle is

A)ATP.
B)pyruvate.
C)PGAL.
D)ATP synthase.
E)acetyl CoA.

Question 26

The net ATP production in glycolysis is only two because

A)two molecules of ATP are needed to "activate" glucose.
B)two molecules of ATP are used to move glucose into the chloroplast.
C)glycolysis is the final step of aerobic respiration.
D)ATP production cannot exceed NADH production.
E)glycolysis may occur without oxygen being present.

Question 27

The Krebs cycle continues the breakdown of glucose and

A)manufactures fats and amino acids.
B)replicates DNA.
C)provides oxygen to cells.
D)manufactures carbohydrates.
E)All choices are correct.

Question 28

In glycolysis,the net number of NADH produced is

A)0.
B)3.
C)2.
D)4.
E)30.

Question 29

The first two steps in glycolysis involve

A)lysing glucose into two 3C molecules.
B)reducing glucose.
C)transferring phosphates from ATP to glucose.
D)generating ATP.
E)donating electrons from NADH to an electron transporter.

Question 30

If you measure the air a person has inhaled and exhaled,you will find that the concentrations have ______ in the exhaled air.

A)higher O₂ concentrations and lower CO₂ concentrations
B)lower O₂ concentrations and higher CO₂ concentrations
C)lower O₂ and CO₂ concentrations
D)higher O₂ and CO₂ concentrations

Question 31

Only a small amount of ATP is produced during glycolysis because most of the energy stored in a glucose molecule remains in the bonds of

A)carbon dioxide.
B)NADH.
C)PGAL.
D)pyruvate.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 32

An example of a poison that kills by interfering with ATP production is

A)arsenic.
B)carbon monoxide.
C)All answers are correct.
D)cyanide.
E)mercury compounds.

Question 33

The only source of ATP production in cells relying fermentation is

A)glycolysis.
B)the Krebs cycle.
C)photosynthesis.
D)electron transport.
E)the Calvin cyclE.

Question 34

The theoretical net ATP yield from a molecule of glucose is ______ ATP molecules.

A)2
B)36
C)4
D)15
E)42

Question 35

Since the Krebs cycle is a cyclic pathway,the original acceptor needed to start the Krebs cycle and the end product of the Krebs cycle are

A)enzymes.
B)different molecules.
C)ATP molecules.
D)the same molecule.
E)NADH and FADH₂ respectively.

Question 36

Which energy pathway is used by all living organisms?

A)Aerobic respiration
B)Carbon reactions
C)Photosynthesis
D)Krebs cycle
E)Glycolysis

Question 37

Alcoholic fermentation

A)is carried out by yeasts.
B)produces far less ATP than aerobic respiration.
C)produces ethanol.
D)All answers are correct.
E)produces carbon dioxidE.

Question 38

What is the function of the two membranes of mitochondria?

A)Glycolysis occurs in the membranes.
B)Protons are pumped into the space between the membranes.
C)Oxygen is transported across the membranes.
D)The mitochondria may rupture due to osmosis without two membranes.
E)The Krebs cycle enzymes are found on the outer mitochondrial membranE.

Question 39

During glycolysis,to "activate" glucose two molecules of ____________ are required.

A)NAD
B)ATP
C)FAD
D)ADP
E)NADP

Question 40

The Krebs cycle produces ______,______,and carbon dioxide.

A)glucose,oxygen
B)oxygen,ATP
C)ATP,electron carriers
D)electron carriers,oxygen
E)pyruvate,PGAL

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",what is the dependent variable in the figure?

A)temperature
B)rate of oxygen production
C)amount of pollen collected
D)rate of carbon dioxide production
E)glucose production

Question 42

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",what did the scientists conclude from the figure?

A)At higher temperatures resting beetles saved energy.
B)At higher temperatures active beetles saved energy.
C)At lower temperatures active beetles saved energy.
D)At lower temperatures resting beetles saved energy.
E)Generating heat led to increased pollination of Philodendron flowers by beetles.

Question 43

______ ATP are produced per glucose molecule during fermentation,whereas ______ ATP are produced per molecule of glucose by aerobic respiration.

A)30,2
B)6,30
C)2,30
D)30,6
E)2,6

Question 44

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",what hypothesis were the scientists testing?

A)Does generating heat increase the metabolism of Philodendron?
B)Does generating heat decrease the metabolism of Philodendron?
C)Is heat being used by Philodendron to attract pollinators?
D)Is heat being used by Philodendron increase the rate of pollen production?
E)Does heat increase the rate of photosynthesis by Philodendron?

Question 45

Cyanide and carbon monoxide block the final step in the electron transport chain.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)decreased ATP,because protons would not be able to move across the inner mitochondrial membrane
B)no effect,because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
C)decreased ATP,because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
D)increased ATP,because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)increased ATP,because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 46

Cellular aerobic respiration includes glycolysis,the Krebs cycle,and electron transport chain.

Question 47

Fermentation is a more efficient form of energy production than aerobic respiration.

Question 48

Cellular aerobic respiration includes only the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain.

Question 49

If you put a plant in a chamber and place it in the dark,

A)the concentration of O₂ will increase and the concentration of CO₂ will decrease.
B)the concentration of O₂ will decrease and the concentration of CO₂ will increase.
C)the concentrations of O₂ and CO₂ will decrease.
D)the concentrations of O₂ and CO₂ will increase.

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",Philodendron flowers pass electrons through an electron transport chain to generate heat.What is the source of these electrons?

A)water
B)oxygen
C)ATP
D)sunlight
E)NADH and FADH₂

Question 51

When NAD⁺ picks up two electrons and a proton in reactions of the Krebs cycle to form NADH,the NAD⁺ is

A)oxidized.
B)phosphorylated.
C)reduced.
D)hydrolyzeD.
E)lysed.

Question 52

What is the role of oxygen in respiration?

A)It is formed from the oxidation of water at the beginning of the electron transport chain.
B)It flows through the electron transport chain,losing energy.
C)It is reduced at the end of the electron transport chain,forming water.
D)It is necessary to obtain any ATP from glucose.
E)It flows down its concentration gradient through an ATPase to produce ATP.

Question 53

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",the rate of carbon dioxide production by Cyclocephala colasi beetles was used to measure their

A)ability to pollinate flowers.
B)rate of photosynthesis.
C)body temperature.
D)level of activity.
E)rate of respiration.

Question 54

If you put a plant in a chamber and shine a light on it,

A)the concentration of O₂ will increase and the concentration of CO₂ will decrease.
B)the concentration of O₂ will decrease and the concentration of CO₂ will increase.
C)the concentrations of O₂ and CO₂ will decrease.
D)the concentrations of O₂ and CO₂ will increase.

Question 55

A cell produces approximately 30 ATP per glucose molecule.However,if you calculated the total energy in a glucose molecule,90 ATP should be generated.What is the best explanation for this difference?

A)Some of the energy is destroyed.
B)Scientists have not figured out where the rest of the energy goes.
C)ATP has more energy than originally thought.
D)Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell.
E)Some energy is lost as heat.

Question 56

In eukaryotic cells,the electron transport chain occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 57

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",what is the independent variable in the figure?

A)temperature
B)rate of carbon dioxide production
C)rate of oxygen production
D)amount of pollen collected
E)glucose production

Question 58

In the section "Investigating Life: Plants' Alternative Lifestyles Yield Hot Sex",Philodendron flowers pass electrons through a mitochondrial electron transport chain to generate heat.What step is bypassed in generating heat?

A)formation of a proton gradient
B)transfer of electrons to oxygen
C)donation of electrons to the electron transport chain
D)excitation of electrons by sunlight
E)release of electrons from water

Question 59

Molecules called uncouplers allow protons to cross the inner mitochondrial membrane.What effect would this have on ATP production in the mitochondria?

A)decreased ATP,because electrons would not be able to move through the electron transport chain
B)decreased ATP,because protons would not be available to pass through the ATP synthase
C)no effect,because protons cross the outer mitochondrial membrane to produce ATP
D)increased ATP,because this would spontaneously establish a proton gradient
E)increased ATP,because this would make more oxygen available in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 60

What happens first to the carbon atoms that enter the Krebs cycle as acetyl CoA?

A)They are reduced to form carbon dioxide.
B)They combine with a 4-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar citrate.
C)Two acetyl CoA molecules join together to form a 6-carbon sugar glucose.
D)They combine with pyruvate to form a 4-carbon sugar malate.
E)They are activated with a phosphate from ATP.

Question 61

Fermentation cannot occur in the presence of oxygen.

Question 62

If glucose is unavailable,aerobic respiration may occur with

A)All choices are correct.
B)proteins.
C)carbohydrates,including starch and glycogen.
D)fats.

Question 63

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

Question 64

If some of the protons are utilized for other functions on the cell and do not flow through ATP synthase after the electron transport chain,then

A)fewer ATP will be made.
B)fewer glucose molecules are needed.
C)more ATP will be made.
D)more glucose molecules are needeD.
E)more carbon dioxide molecules are generated.

Question 65

Plant cells complete fermentation and aerobic respiration.

Question 66

A variety of carbohydrates,proteins,and fats in a diet

A)provides many molecules which can enter aerobic respiration at different stages.
B)prevents production of ATP.
C)provides a mixture of molecules which slows ATP production.
D)creates an environment only conducive to fermentation.
E)All choices are correct.

Question 67

The products of fermentation can be converted to reactants of aerobic respiration.

Question 68

NADH is the only electron carrier produced during aerobic respiration.

Question 69

The electron transport chain extracts most of the potential energy in NADH by removing the energy from its electrons in a single step.

Question 70

If the reactants are exposed to oxygen during production of yogurt with bacterium Lactobacillus,then

A)no lactic acid will be produced because it requires anaerobic conditions.
B)aerobic respiration will occur.
C)All answers are correct.
D)yogurt will not be produceD.
E)fermentation will not occur.

Question 71

Fermentation uses an inorganic molecule as the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.

Question 72

Which of the following molecules is the only molecule which will complete the full set of aerobic respiration stages?

A)Carbohydrates,including glucose,starch,and glycogen
B)Proteins
C)Amino acids
D)Fats
E)Nucleic acids

Question 73

Human muscle cells complete fermentation and anaeobic respiration.

Question 74

Without cellular respiration,organisms

A)All answers are correct.
B)cannot survive.
C)cannot reproduce.
D)cannot break down fooD.
E)cannot grow.