Deck 5: Photosynthesis

Question 1

The reactions of photosynthesis are summarized as

A)6CO₂ + 6H₂O →C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O_2.
B)6CO + 6H₂O →C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O.
C)12CO₂ + 6H₂O →C₁₂H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O.
D)6CO + 6H₂O →C₆H₁₂O_?6 + 6O_2.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What part of the chloroplast has photosynthetic pigments in its membrane?

A)granum
B)mesophyll
C)chlorophyll
D)thylakoid
E)stroma

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The main product of photosynthesis used by plants is

A)glucose.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)chlorophyll.
E)sunlight.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Photosynthesis

A)is NOT dependent on chlorophyll.
B)does NOT involve oxidation-reduction reactions.
C)produces water and carbon dioxide.
D)produces glucose and oxygen.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

The energy source of photosynthesis is

A)oxygen.
B)sunlight.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)chlorophyll.
E)glucosE.

Question 6

The reactant (reactants)of photosynthesis is (are)

A)oxygen.
B)water and carbon dioxide.
C)chlorophyll.
D)glucose.
E)glucose and oxygen.

Question 7

Organisms that gain energy by consuming preexisting organic molecules are called

A)heterotrophs.
B)autotrophs.
C)animorphs.
D)plants.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Electrons excited in photosystem II help the chloroplast produce

A)water.
B)NADPH.
C)glucose.
D)NADH.
E)ATP.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a net product or reactant of photosynthesis?

A)carbon dioxide
B)glucose
C)sunlight
D)ATP
E)oxygen

Question 10

The main byproduct of photosynthesis that is essential to most life forms is

A)glucose.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)chlorophyll.
D)oxygen.
E)sunlight.

Question 11

What is released at each step of an electron transport chain?

A)ultraviolet wavelengths
B)electrons
C)photons
D)energy
E)All answers are correct.

Question 12

Examples of photosynthetic accessory pigments are

A)chlorophyll b and carotenoids.
B)chlorophyll a and carotenoids.
C)chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
D)carotenoids,chlorophyll a,and chlorophyll b.
E)mitochondria.

Question 13

Which organism's life depends on photosynthesis?

A)corals
B)oak trees
C)humans
D)sea slug Elysia chlorotica
E)All answers are correct.

Question 14

The primary pigment molecule needed for photosynthesis is

A)sunlight.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)glucose.
E)chlorophyll a.

Question 15

Organisms that make their own organic compounds from inorganic substances are called

A)animals.
B)animorphs.
C)heterotrophs.
D)autotrophs.

Question 16

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place in algae and plants?

A)chloroplast
B)mitochondrion
C)ribosome
D)chlorophyll
E)lysosome

Question 17

Light consists of discrete packets of kinetic energy called

A)photons.
B)protons.
C)electrons.
D)lasers.
E)grana.

Question 18

The energy source for the light reactions is _____;the energy source for the carbon reactions is ______.

A)ATP,carbon dioxide
B)sunlight,carbon dioxide
C)sunlight,ATP
D)ATP,oxygen
E)Sunlight serves as the energy source for both sets of photosynthetic reactions.

Question 19

What is the gelatinous matrix inside chloroplasts that contains ribosomes,DNA,and enzymes?

A)granum
B)chlorophyll
C)thylakoid
D)stroma
E)mitochondria

Question 20

Leaves of many plants change colors in the fall because

A)the cooler weather causes plants to produce more of the accessory photosynthetic pigments.
B)chlorophyll in the leaves degrades with shorter days and cooler temperatures.
C)the decrease in daylight hours causes the plant to produce more of the accessory photosynthetic pigments.
D)plants produce more chlorophyll.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 21

Blue light has ___ energy than red light,but both forms of light are ____ by green leaves.

A)less,reflected
B)less,absorbed
C)more,reflected
D)more,absorbed

Question 22

Plants require water for transpiration,metabolism,and photosynthesis.How is water used in photosynthesis?

A)as a substrate for ATP synthase
B)as an electron acceptor
C)to combine with ADP forming ATP
D)to combine with NADP⁺ to form NADPH
E)as an electron donor

Question 23

In photosynthesis,the oxygen atoms in H₂O are

A)energized.
B)reduced.
C)reformed into other elements.
D)oxidizeD.
E)broken down.

Question 24

Which plants are best suited to cool,wet conditions?

A)C₄
B)C₃
C)CAM
D)All types are equally suiteD.

Question 25

When water is in short supply,plants _____ their stomata which _____ gas exchange.

A)close,decreases
B)open,decreases
C)close,increases
D)open,increases

Question 26

The enzyme rubisco combines ribulose bisphosphate with _____ in the first step of the Calvin cycle.

A)glucose
B)ATP
C)carbon monoxide
D)organic compounds
E)carbon dioxide

Question 27

When NADPH _____ electrons and hydrogen ions in the carbon reactions,NADP⁺ is formed through _____.

A)accepts,reduction
B)donates,oxidation
C)accepts,oxidation
D)donates,reduction

Question 28

The main product of the carbon reactions is

A)oxygen.
B)NADPH.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)a carbohydrate.
E)ATP.

Question 29

Electrons excited in photosystem I help the chloroplast produce

A)NADPH.
B)ATP.
C)glucose.
D)water.
E)NADH.

Question 30

Burning wood is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis.What products are formed from burning wood?

A)carbon dioxide and water
B)glucose and oxygen
C)oxygen and carbon dioxide
D)oxygen and water
E)carbon dioxide and glucose

Question 31

The carbon atoms in the cellulose of a wood log originally came from _____ absorbed by the plant.

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide
C)nutrients in the soil
D)water
E)oxygen

Question 32

In photosynthesis,the carbon in CO₂ is _____ to form glucose.

A)respired
B)oxidized
C)reduced
D)energized
E)broken down

Question 33

When NADP⁺ _____ electrons and hydrogen ions in the light reactions,NADPH is formed through _____.

A)donates,oxidation
B)accepts,oxidation
C)donates,reduction
D)accepts,reduction

Question 34

Photosystem I and photosystem II are part of

A)the light reactions and the carbon reactions.
B)the light reactions only.
C)the light reactions and respiration.
D)the carbon reactions only.
E)respiration.

Question 35

Which plants keep their stomata open only at night?

A)CAM
B)C₃
C)C₄
D)No plants keep their stomata open only at night

Question 36

The Calvin cycle

A)is a cyclic pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO₂.
B)is a linear pathway that produces three-carbon carbohydrates from CO₂.
C)is a cyclic pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.
D)is a linear pathway that produces ATP and NADPH.

Question 37

Tiny openings in the epidermis of the leaf that allow air to enter into the leaf are called

A)thylakoids.
B)stroma.
C)stomata.
D)grana.
E)thylakoid spaces.

Question 38

Based on the structure of chlorophyll (Figure 5.5),where would you expect to find it in a cell?

A)in the cell wall
B)in the cytoplasm
C)in a membrane
D)in the stroma
E)attached to a protein

Question 39

Herbicides may kill plants by

A)blocking carotenoid synthesis.
B)blocking electron flow in photosystem II.
C)diverting electrons away from photosystem I.
D)All answers are correct

Question 40

The electrons flowing through the electron transport chains in photosynthesis originate from ____ and are transported to the carbon reactions by _____.

A)NADPH;oxygen
B)oxygen;NADPH
C)NADPH;water
D)water;NADPH
E)oxygen;water

Question 41

A plant performing photosynthesis will produce ____ and consume _____.

A)water;carbon dioxide
B)water;oxygen
C)oxygen;carbon dioxide
D)carbon dioxide;oxygen
E)carbon dioxide;water

Question 42

For many plants to grow well in hot,dry weather,they must be watered so their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in oxygen.

Question 43

How do C₄ plants minimize photorespiration?

A)Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound.
B)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells,so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
C)Stomata are open only at night and carbon dioxide is stored in a four-carbon compound.
D)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells,so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.

Question 44

The light reactions use ATP as the energy source.

Question 45

In the section "Investigating Life: Solar-Powered Sea Slugs",how are algal chloroplasts able to perform photosynthesis in a sea slug?

A)The algal chloroplasts are able to complete only the light reactions of photosynthesis.
B)The algal chloroplasts are able to complete only the carbon reactions of photosynthesis.
C)The chloroplasts CANNOT perform photosynthesis if removed from an algal cell.
D)A gene required for photosynthesis moved from the algal genome to the sea slug genome.
E)The chloroplasts can function independently of a host cell.

Question 46

The primary photosynthetic pigment molecule,chlorophyll a,is an orange pigment.

Question 47

In the section "Investigating Life: Solar-Powered Sea Slugs",chloroplast DNA encodes less than 10% of the proteins required for photosynthesis;the remaining proteins are encoded by DNA in plant nuclei.Elysia chlorotica sea slugs are able to photosynthesize with chloroplasts from the algae they consume.Which hypothesis was tested and supported in explanation of this observation?

A)Some sea slug genes were present in chloroplast chromosomes.
B)Chloroplasts can function without some proteins involved in photosynthesis.
C)The sea slugs have to continuously consume chloroplasts to replace the older ones.
D)Some chloroplast genes were present in the sea slug chromosomes.
E)Only photosystem II is necessary for photosynthesis.

Question 48

The carbon reactions produce ATP and NADPH.

Question 49

What is a product of reactions that take place at photosystem II?

A)NADPH
B)water
C)oxygen
D)ADP
E)glucose

Question 50

Most biologists agree that the most important metabolic pathway of living organisms is photosynthesis because its products directly or indirectly affect most living organisms.

Question 51

When chlorophyll a absorbs light,electrons are "excited" and ejected from the chlorophyll a molecule.

Question 52

Energy is carried from the light reactions to the carbon reactions by __________.

A)water
B)PGAL
C)NADP⁺
D)oxygen
E)ATP and NADPH

Question 53

In the carbon reactions,carbon dioxide molecules are reduced by the addition of electrons carried from the light reactions by __________.

A)ATP
B)NADP⁺
C)NADPH
D)oxygen
E)water

Question 54

How do CAM plants minimize photorespiration?

A)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells,so carbon dioxide does not come into contact with rubisco.
B)The light reactions and carbon reactions occur in different cells,so oxygen does not come into contact with rubisco.
C)Stomata are open only at night and oxygen is stored in a four-carbon compound.During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.
D)Stomata are open only at night and carbon dioxide is stored in a four-carbon compounD.During the day the carbon dioxide is released for photosynthesis.

Question 55

The light reactions use sunlight as the energy source.

Question 56

In the section "Investigating Life: Solar-Powered Sea Slugs",the sea slug Elysia chlorotica is green because it contains

A)enzymes that produce green light.
B)heme.
C)algal chromosomes.
D)pigments that reflect red and blue light.
E)chlorophyll.

Question 57

Grana,thylakoids,and chloroplasts are cellular structures used in photosynthesis.

Question 58

In the section "Investigating Life: Solar-Powered Sea Slugs",chloroplast DNA encodes less than 10% of the proteins required for photosynthesis;the remaining proteins are encoded by DNA in plant nuclei.Elysia chlorotica sea slugs are able to photosynthesize with chloroplasts from the algae they consume.How did the scientists rule out that the chloroplasts could function outside of a host cell?

A)The chloroplast chromosomes were missing a key gene for photosystem II.
B)They shined light on the chloroplasts and measured oxygen production.
C)They found the algal photosystem II gene in the sea slug chromosomes.
D)They did NOT find the photosystem II gene in the puffer fish chromosomes.
E)They injected the chloroplasts into a heterotrophic bacteria and successfully performed photosynthesis.

Question 59

What happens in photorespiration that is more energetically costly than the Calvin cycle?

A)Rubisco's active site combines with oxygen instead of carbon dioxide.
B)Rubisco's active site combines with carbon dioxide instead of glucose.
C)Rubisco's active site combines with water instead of carbon dioxide.
D)Rubisco's active site combines with glucose instead of oxygen.
E)Rubisco's active site combines with glucose instead of carbon dioxidE.

Question 60

In the section "Investigating Life: Solar-Powered Sea Slugs",the sea slug Elysia chlorotica absorbs chloroplasts as it digests algae.This allows the sea slug to live on sunlight and carbon dioxide and suggests that

A)photosynthesis can occur from proteins released from a digested chloroplast.
B)regions of a plant outside of the chloroplast are necessary for photosynthesis.
C)chloroplasts alone are sufficient for photosynthesis.
D)some of the algae are not digested and are living symbiotically inside of the sea slugs.
E)photosynthesis can occur outside of a chloroplast in algaE.

Question 61

Match the steps of photosynthesis with the correct descriptions.

Question 62

For many plants to grow well in hot,dry weather they must be watered so their stomata will remain open for longer periods of time to let in carbon dioxide.

Question 63

The epidermis,or outer layer,of leaves is transparent.How is the transparency beneficial to photosynthesis?

A)It allows wavelengths of light to reach the mesophyll.
B)It prevents water loss.
C)It absorbs water.
D)It maintains open stomata.
E)It maintains closed stomata.

Question 64

Place the steps of the light reactions in the order in which they occur.
Energy is passed to the reaction center of photosystem II.
Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain,producing NADPH.
A pair of electrons is excited in the reaction center of photosystem II.
Excited electrons are passed through electron transport chain,producing ATP.
Photosystem II captures a photon of light.

Question 65

The carbon reactions of photosynthesis can occur in the day or night.

Question 66

Match the reactants of photosynthesis with the correct sources.

Question 67

Green and yellow wavelengths of light are useless to most plants.

Question 68

What is produced in the light reactions that is used in the carbon reactions of photosynthesis?

A)ATP and NADPH
B)ADP and NADP⁺
C)carbon dioxide and oxygen
D)water and glucose
E)oxygen and glucose

Question 69

C₄ plants and CAM plants fix carbon in a larger molecule only once during photosynthetic reactions.

Question 70

Which of the following organelles are found in plants?
____ Plants have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
____ Plants have mitochondria for cellular respiration.
_____ Plants have cell walls for cellular respiration.
_____ Plants have mitochondria for photosynthesis.

Question 71

How would Earth be different without photosynthesis?

A)The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would be lower.
B)Heterotrophs would have few food sources.
C)Autotrophs would reply on other chemical mechanisms to make carbohydrates.
D)More sunlight would be absorbed and converted to environmental heat.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 72

Where in a plant do you expect to find the highest concentration of chloroplasts?

A)leaves
B)bark
C)roots
D)stems

Question 73

C₄ plants and CAM plants fix carbon in a larger molecule twice during photosynthetic reactions.

Question 74

What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A)The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and the reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.
B)Organisms conduct either photosynthesis or cellular respiration to produce food.
C)Organisms conduct either photosynthesis or cellular respiration to produce energy.
D)Photosynthesis is a step within cellular respiration.
E)Cellular respiration is a step within photosynthesis.

Question 75

The light reactions of photosynthesis can occur in the day and night.

Question 76

Plants are the only organisms that carry out photosynthesis to produce food.

Question 77

Why are accessory pigments necessary in photosystems?

A)They capture a wider spectrum of wavelengths of light.
B)They donate electrons to the reaction center.
C)They split water into hydrogen ions and oxygen.
D)They conduct the carbon reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 78

Although the plants are living,why CANNOT plants grow in the dark?

A)Plants require light to produce food.
B)Plants can grow in the dark.
C)Plants require light for cellular respiration.
D)Plants require light to make carbon dioxide.