Deck 30: Animal Reproduction and Development

Question 1

In the male,the sac-like structure that contains the testes is the

A)epididymis.
B)vas deferens.
C)scrotum.
D)ureter.
E)seminal vesiclE.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The muscular sac-like organ of the human female in which the fetus develops is the

A)ovary.
B)labia majora.
C)vagina.
D)uterus.
E)vulva.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In organisms that reproduce sexually,________ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.

A)diploid zygotes
B)haploid zygotes
C)haploid gametes
D)diploid gametes
E)diploid hormones

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the

A)cervix.
B)vulva.
C)vagina.
D)uterus.
E)uterine tubE.

Question 5

In human males,the different types of male sex hormones are collectively called

A)estrogens.
B)growth hormones.
C)progesterones.
D)androgens.
E)follicle-stimulating hormones.

Question 6

The tightly coiled tube that receives and stores sperm from one testis is a(n)

A)scrotum.
B)vas deferens.
C)epididymis.
D)prostate glanD.
E)seminal vesiclE.

Question 7

In the human male and female reproductive systems,each system contains paired primary sex organs called ______,which contain ______ that give rise to gametes.

A)testes;sperm cells
B)gonads;germ cells
C)ovaries;egg cells
D)germ cells;hormones
E)All answers are correct.

Question 8

In the male,the tube that extends from the scrotum to the point of connection with the urethra is the

A)ejaculatory duct.
B)ureter.
C)urethra.
D)seminiferous tubule.
E)vas deferens.

Question 9

Mature human sperm cells

A)are haploid.
B)are secondary spermatocytes.
C)contain 46 chromosomes.
D)are primary spermatocytes.
E)undergo meiosis.

Question 10

The 2 cm-long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the

A)clitoris.
B)cervix.
C)labia majora.
D)uterus.
E)labia minora.

Question 11

The process that unites the male gametes with the female gametes in organisms that reproduce sexually is termed

A)conjugation.
B)fertilization.
C)crossing over.
D)gastrulation.
E)recombination.

Question 12

The cap-like __________________ covers the head of the sperm and releases enzymes that will help the sperm penetrate the egg.

A)epididymis
B)vas deferens
C)acrosome
D)mitochondria
E)nucleus

Question 13

The structure that secretes a thin,milky,alkaline fluid that activates the sperm to swim is the

A)urethrA.
B)seminal vesicle.
C)prostate gland.
D)vas deferens.
E)epididymis.

Question 14

Cilia sweep the released mature oocytes from ovaries into the

A)cervix.
B)uterine tubes.
C)labia majora.
D)uterus.
E)vagina.

Question 15

The end of the uterus that opens to the vagina is the

A)labia minorA.
B)cervix.
C)vaginal orifice.
D)clitoris.
E)labia majora.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a component of a sperm cell?

A)flagellum
B)cilia
C)nucleus
D)acrosome
E)mitochondria

Question 17

The diploid first cell of a new organism is a(n)

A)gamete.
B)sperm.
C)polar body.
D)zygote.
E)ovum.

Question 18

The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the

A)follicle cells.
B)primary spermatocytes.
C)endometrial cells.
D)polar bodies.
E)oocytes.

Question 19

The structure that secretes most of the fluid found in the semen and opens into the vas deferens is the

A)epididymis.
B)urethra.
C)ejaculatory duct.
D)seminal vesicle.
E)seminiferous tubulE.

Question 20

The tightly coiled structure (structures)inside the testes that produce the sperm cells is (are)the

A)seminiferous tubules.
B)epididymis.
C)vas deferens.
D)scrotum.
E)ureters.

Question 21

The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is

A)human growth hormone.
B)testosterone.
C)gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
D)estrogen hormone.
E)human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 22

Menopause

A)is the cessation of menstruation.
B)is the cessation of sperm production.
C)is the beginning of menstruation.
D)begins in most females at puberty.
E)begins in most males at puberty.

Question 23

A female salmon laying unfertilized eggs in a nest is preparing them for ____ by a male salmon.

A)external fertilization
B)internal fertilization
C)indirect development
D)direct development
E)differentiation

Question 24

The hormone that is the basis of most pregnancy tests is

A)follicle-stimulating hormone.
B)luteinizing hormone.
C)human chorionic gonadotropin.
D)estrogen.
E)progesteronE.

Question 25

A gene called the ______ must be activated at week seven of embryonic development for male sex organs and glands to develop.

A)sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome
B)GnRH
C)FSH
D)sex-determining gene on the X chromosome
E)GH

Question 26

If a preembryo splits before day 12 of development in humans,then ______ are usually formed.

A)polar bodies
B)secondary oocytes
C)fraternal twins
D)identical twins
E)embryonic discs

Question 27

The structure that connects the embryo to the placenta is the

A)chorionic villus.
B)umbilical cord.
C)uterine tube.
D)fallopian tube.
E)embryonic disc.

Question 28

The hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the development of the corpeus luteum is

A)GnRH.
B)FSH.
C)LH.
D)ATP.
E)progesteronE.

Question 29

In females,nearly all cases of ______ cancer are associated with the human papillomavirus.

A)ovarian
B)lung
C)breast
D)cervical
E)All answers are correct.

Question 30

The surge of the hormone _______________ in the bloodstream of the female triggers ovulation.

A)FSH
B)LH
C)estrogen
D)progesterone
E)GnRH

Question 31

The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is

A)preembryonic stage,zygote,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
B)fetal stage,zygote,preembryonic stage,embryonic stage.
C)preembryonic stage,embryonic stage,zygote,fetal stage.
D)zygote,preembryonic stage,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
E)fetal stage,embryonic stage,preembryonic stage,zygotE.

Question 32

Fertilization of a secondary oocyte normally occurs in the

A)ovary.
B)vagina.
C)fallopian tube.
D)uterus.
E)cervix.

Question 33

A caterpillar turning into a butterfly is an example of

A)external fertilization.
B)internal fertilization.
C)indirect development.
D)direct development.
E)reproduction.

Question 34

The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the

A)labia majorA.
B)prostate gland.
C)seminal vesicle.
D)clitoris.
E)corpeus luteum.

Question 35

In a secondary oocyte,meiosis is arrested in metaphase II until

A)ovulation.
B)FSH is present.
C)fertilization occurs.
D)LH is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
E)puberty.

Question 36

In the late 1950s,some women took ______ as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness and it caused deformed limbs in developing embryos.

A)acetaminophen
B)acutane
C)erythromycin
D)thalidomide
E)penicillin

Question 37

A female chicken laying a fertilized egg has undergone ____ with a rooster.

A)differentiation
B)external fertilization
C)indirect development
D)direct development
E)internal fertilization

Question 38

The stage of human development in which the endoderm,mesoderm,and ectoderm form is the

A)zygote.
B)gastrula.
C)embryonic stage.
D)ovum.
E)fetal stagE.

Question 39

In humans,the transparent sac that contains fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature and pressure is the

A)amnion.
B)yolk sac.
C)embryonic disC.
D)chorionic villus.
E)chorion.

Question 40

The stage of human development that occurs from implantation to about eight weeks after fertilization is the

A)zygote.
B)preembryonic stage.
C)gastrula.
D)fetal stage.
E)embryonic stagE.

Question 41

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",what can be concluded from the figure?

A)Female impersonators were successful in mating 50% of the time.
B)Males who guard a female for 0-20 minutes had the most reproductive success.
C)Males who guard a female for more than 40 minutes had the most reproductive success.
D)There was no correlation between time spent guarding a female and reproductive success.
E)Males who guard a female for 20-40 minutes had the most reproductive success.

Question 42

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",when a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt,the two animals align head-to-head,and he inserts a sperm packet into a pouch near her mouth.This is an example of

A)sexual internal fertilization.
B)sexual external fertilization.
C)asexual internal fertilization.
D)asexual external fertilization.
E)hermaphroditic fertilization.

Question 43

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because the synthetic steroids cause which of the following?

A)a decrease in FSH and LH production
B)an increase in FSH and LH production
C)a decrease in FSH and an increase in LH production
D)an increase in FSH and a decrease in LH production

Question 44

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.How would this prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
B)It would cause the embryo to die.
C)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall.
D)If would act as a spermicide,killing sperm.
E)It would prevent ovulation.

Question 45

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses a period or menstrual cycle.What causes a pregnant woman to miss a period?

A)Chorionic gonadotropin causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
B)Chorionic gonadotropin blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone.
C)Follicle-stimulating hormone causes the corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
D)Follicle-stimulating hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesterone.
E)Luteinizing hormone blocks the corpus luteum from producing progesteronE.

Question 46

A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Oocytes cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)Oocytes cannot move to the uterus.
C)Oocytes cannot be produced by mitosis.
D)A woman cannot have an orgasm.
E)The ovary stops producing estrogen.

Question 47

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B)It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C)It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
D)It would secrete more FSH and LH.
E)There would be no effect on the anterior pituitary.

Question 48

If a woman does not know she is pregnant and undergoes a diagnostic medical procedure involving exposure of her abdomen to radiation,then the developing baby may be at risk.Why would the risk of birth defects be highest if the woman received the radiation during weeks 2-8 of her pregnancy?

A)Organs first begin to develop during the preembryonic stage.
B)Organs first begin to develop during the embryonic stage.
C)Organs first begin to develop during the fetal stage.
D)Organs first begin to develop during the zygotic stage.
E)Organs first begin to develop during the ovum stagE.

Question 49

Often a woman may first suspect she is pregnant when she misses a period or menstrual cycle.Why is it important for the menstrual cycle to be blocked during a pregnancy?

A)to prevent additional fertilizations
B)to conserve eggs
C)to avoid having twins
D)to prevent the blastocyst from being lost
E)to prevent the loss of the corpus luteum

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",male cuttlefish competing to mate with a female supports which definition of natural selection best?

A)survival of the fittest
B)longevity of the fittest
C)reproduction of the fittest
D)reproduction of the largest
E)survival of the largest

Question 51

Athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production.This is because of negative feedback on which of the following?

A)the epididymis
B)the testes
C)the vas deferens
D)the prostate
E)the hypothalamus

Question 52

On July 25,1978,Louise Joy Brown,the world's first successful test-tube baby,was born.Today,nearly 1% of all births in the U.S.start in the laboratory.Babies conceived through IVF are twice as likely to be born prematurely,but do not show any increase in major birth malformations,cancer,or abnormal psychological development.What is the best explanation for the lack of birth defects in IVF babies?

A)They are implanted while in the embryonic period.
B)They are implanted while in the fetal period.
C)They are implanted while in the preembryonic period.
D)They are grown in the laboratory until they are a full grown baby.
E)They are grown in the lab until they are a viable fetus.

Question 53

A diaphragm is a shallow,dome-shaped rubber disk with a flexible rim that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix.How does this act as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy?

A)It would prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
B)It would prevent ovulation.
C)It would cause the embryo to die.
D)It would prevent implantation on the uterine wall.
E)If would act as a spermicide,killing sperm.

Question 54

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone.What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?

A)It would secrete less FSH and LH.
B)It would secrete more gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
C)It would secrete more FSH and LH.
D)It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
E)There would be no effect on the hypothalamus.

Question 55

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",how did the scientists measure if a male was successful in fertilizing a female?

A)by watching to see if the male mated with the female
B)by comparing the baby cuttlefish with the father to look for similarities
C)by removing the other males from the area
D)by using DNA paternity testing
E)by measuring the time the male spent guarding a female

Question 56

is a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are severed,and then tied.How would this cause sterility?

A)Sperm cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)Sperm cannot be produced by mitosis.
C)Sperm cannot move to the urethra.
D)A man cannot get an erection.
E)The testes stop producing testosteronE.

Question 57

A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of

A)direct development.
B)external fertilization.
C)internal fertilization.
D)indirect development.
E)differentiation.

Question 58

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",what is the independent variable?

A)the size of the male
B)how successful a male was at fertilizing a female
C)whether a male acted as a female
D)whether a male removed the sperm packet that other males had implanted into a female
E)how long a male guarded a female

Question 59

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",what is the dependent variable?

A)how long a male guarded a female
B)whether a male acted as a female
C)whether a male removed the sperm packet that other males had implanted into a female
D)how successful a male was at fertilizing a female
E)the size of the male

Question 60

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957-1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness.Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon,which is important in limb formation.If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development,it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

A)preembryonic
B)fetal
C)prezygotic
D)embryonic
E)delivery

Question 61

When a germ cell divides mitotically,one daughter cell remains in the seminiferous tubule wall and acts as stem cell that gives rise to cells that specialize into sperm.

Question 62

Ovulation is triggered by a surge of LH in the bloodstream.

Question 63

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

Question 64

The menstrual cycle controls the timing of oocyte maturation in the ovaries.

Question 65

What does the human reproductive system create?

A)a new gamete
B)a genetically-identical copy of an existing human
C)a genetically-identical cell
D)a genetically-different cell
E)a genetically-unique offspring

Question 66

The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 67

Which of the following is correct about sexually-transmitted diseases?

A)All STDs are treatable with antibiotics if caught early enough.
B)Viruses,bacteria,protists,and fungi can cause STDs.
C)STDs cannot be contracted through oral sex.
D)All answers are correct.
E)All STDs can kill a human if left untreated.

Question 68

What is the ideal outcome of the human reproductive system?

A)to create individuals better suited to the environment than the existing individuals
B)to create diploid gametes
C)to break down foreign invaders and pathogens in any location in the body
D)to remove foreign invaders and pathogens entering through the genitals
E)All answers are correct.

Question 69

The intake of alcohol,cigarette smoke,and insufficient amounts of vitamins may all cause birth defects in a developing fetus.

Question 70

The events of the birthing process use positive feedback.The stretching of the cervix during pre-labor or stage 1 of labor causes the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin,which causes uterine contractions.

Question 71

Which of the following statements about sexually-transmitted diseases is wrong?

A)STDs are unique to humans.
B)The most common STD in the United States is genital warts.
C)An individual with one STD can obtain another STD.
D)STDs spread through vaginal,oral,and anal sex.
E)Many STDs do not show initial symptoms,especially in men.

Question 72

The structure of reproductive systems is similar between some organisms.What prevents fertilization of gametes from different organisms?

A)The sperm is too large or too small to fertilize the egg.
B)The large body size of one organism and the small body size of the other organism prevents internal fertilization.
C)One organism reproduces externally and the other organism requires internal fertilization.
D)Proteins on the surface of the egg and sperm are only recognized by the correct organism.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 73

Although impossible in humans,what is the result if two sperm fertilized an egg?

A)a haploid zygote with one third of the total chromosomes from each gamete
B)a diploid zygote with one half of the total chromosomes from each gamete
C)a diploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
D)a triploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
E)identical twins

Question 74

Why does the surface of the oocyte change when the first sperm cell touches the secondary oocyte?

A)to prevent the first sperm from further entering the egg before more of the outer layer of follicle cells is penetrated by other sperm
B)to prevent the first sperm from fertilizing the egg until the uterus is prepared for implantation
C)to allow the first sperm to enter the egg and fertilization to occur
D)to allow up to 200 sperm to enter the egg,though only one sperm will fertilize the egg
E)to prevent more than one sperm from entering the egg

Question 75

Taking antibiotics can disrupt the microbial community of the vagina and create an opportunity for the yeast Candida albicans to cause an infection.

Question 76

Why does the expulsion of the placenta not occur until the final stage of labor?

A)to remove waste from the fetus during labor
B)to provide nourishment to the fetus during labor
C)to provide oxygen to the fetus during labor
D)to remove carbon dioxide from the fetus during labor
E)All answers are correct.

Question 77

In the section "Investigating Life: The 'Cross-Dressers' of the Reef",cuttlefish and other cephalopods are in which group of animals?

A)fish
B)annelids
C)mollusks
D)reptiles
E)cnidarians