Deck 12: The Endocrine System: The Essentials of the Language of Endocrinology

Question 1

Pineal refers to a(n):

A)organelle.
B)cell.
C)tissue.
D)gland.
E)system.

Answer 1

gland.

Question 2

Endocrine glands that occur in pairs, rather than singly, are:

A)pituitary and pineal.
B)thyroid and thymus.
C)adrenals and gonads.
D)thymus and pancreas.
E)kidneys and pancreas.

Answer 2

adrenals and gonads.

Question 3

Which of the following glands is located on the upper pole of each kidney?

A)Parathyroid
B)Adrenal
C)Pineal
D)Thyroid
E)Pituitary

Answer 3

Adrenal

Question 4

The effect of gonadotropin is to:

A)release cortisone.
B)increase urine output.
C)move calcium into the bone.
D)digest proteins.
E)stimulate the ovaries or testes.

Question 5

The word endocrine refers to a gland that:

A)releases digestive enzymes.
B)produces sweat.
C)produces an external secretion.
D)produces an internal secretion.
E)regulates heart rhythm.

Question 6

Which of the following words means a chemical formed in one tissue or organ to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ?

A)Hormone
B)Mineral
C)Protein
D)Lipid
E)Enzyme

Question 7

Which of the following is an enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet in an adult as a result of excess growth hormone?

A)Amputation
B)Hypopituitarism
C)Insipidus
D)Acromegaly
E)Dwarfism

Question 8

The adrenal gland is ______________ the kidney.

A)inferior to
B)on top of
C)embedded in
D)posterior to
E)distal to

Question 9

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone is:

A)corticotropin.
B)cortisol.
C)thyrotropin.
D)vasopressin.
E)corticosteroid.

Question 10

Which of the following is a pituitary hormone that stimulates production of milk?

A)Tropin
B)Thyroxine
C)Prostaglandin
D)Progestin
E)Prolactin

Question 11

The chemical messengers of the endocrine system are known as:

A)neurotransmitters.
B)electrolytes.
C)hormones.
D)receptors.
E)gonadotropins.

Question 12

Which of the following is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract?

A)Prostaglandin
B)Melatonin
C)Leptin
D)Insulin
E)Oxytocin

Question 13

Where is the thymus gland located?

A)In the cranium.
B)In the throat.
C)In the groin.
D)In the mediastinum.
E)In the abdomen.

Question 14

The thyroid and parathyroid glands belong to the _________ system.

A)alimentary
B)vascular
C)endocrine
D)integumentary
E)reproductive

Question 15

The medical term for an enlargement of the thyroid gland is:

A)hashimoto disease.
B)hypothyroidism.
C)thyrotoxicosis.
D)goiter.
E)exophthalmos.

Question 16

Which of the following is the true statement about the pineal gland?

A)The pineal gland is in the integumentary system.
B)The pineal gland secretes serotonin and converts it to melatonin.
C)The pineal gland controls the gonads.
D)The pineal gland is located above the oral palate.
E)The pineal gland is anterior to the hypothalamus.

Question 17

The suffix in adrenocorticotropic means :

A)cortex.
B)change.
C)hormone.
D)peak.
E)gland.

Question 18

Hyperthyroidism, the disorder caused by excessive thyroid hormone production, is also called:

A)hyperparathyroidism.
B)cretinism.
C)hyperpyrexia.
D)thyrotoxicosis.
E)acromegaly.

Question 19

Which of the following words has a prefix meaning below?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Hypertension
C)Hypnosis
D)Extracorporeal
E)Suprarenal

Question 20

Which of the following is a master gland that works together with the hypothalamus, often influencing the production of hormones in the other endocrine glands?

A)Pineal gland
B)Adrenal gland
C)Pituitary gland
D)Thyroid gland
E)Pancreas

Question 21

A synonym for tetraiodothyronine is _________ and is abbreviated _________.

A)triglyceride; T₃
B)calcitonin; CT
C)thyroxine; T₄
D)thyroid stimulating hormone; TSH
E)tetrahydrocannabinol; THC

Question 22

The medical term for protrusion of the eyeball is:

A)ophthalmia.
B)exophthalmos.
C)optical illusion.
D)optometry.
E)conjunctivitis.

Question 23

Which of the following is a term for autoimmune hyperthyroidism?

A)Crohn disease
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Hashimoto disease
D)Graves disease
E)Cretinism

Question 24

A cretin is a(n):

A)hormone secreted from the thymus gland.
B)tumor found on the adrenal gland.
C)condition of increased insulin secretion.
D)congenital heart defect.
E)child suffering from severe hypothyroidism.

Question 25

The word hyperglycemia means :

A)increased intake of high calorie foods.
B)normal levels of calcium in the body.
C)excessive level of glucose in the blood.
D)excessive calcium in the blood.
E)decreased calcium in the bones and teeth.

Question 26

When tissues are injured, which hormone promotes an inflammatory response?

A)Vasopressin
B)Melatonin
C)Prostaglandins
D)Tropin
E)Somatotropin

Question 27

Which of the following words, meaning abnormal thinness, is correctly spelled?

A)Imasiation
B)Immatiation
C)Amaciashun
D)Emmasiation
E)Emaciation

Question 28

The word with a prefix meaning three is:

A)monoglyceride.
B)bilateral.
C)triiodothyronine.
D)polysaccharide.
E)quadriplegic.

Question 29

The patient came into the hospital looking very thin.The nurse should document this condition as the patient being:

A)emaciated.
B)obese.
C)cyanotic.
D)hemiparesis.
E)bradycardic.

Question 30

The suffix -itis means :

A)gland.
B)benign.
C)malignant.
D)inflammation
E)condition.

Question 31

Adrenocortical hyperfunction most commonly appears as:

A)Cushing syndrome.
B)Addison disease.
C)Graves disease.
D)Hashimoto disease.
E)metabolic acidosis.

Question 32

The pancreas can be described as both an endocrine gland and a(n) _________ gland that secretes outwardly through excretory ducts.

A)insulin
B)adrenal
C)synergistic
D)hormonal
E)exocrine

Question 33

What condition is caused by an overproduction of growth hormone in children?

A)Gigantism
B)Goiter
C)Hirsutism
D)Virilism
E)Diabetes

Question 34

Which of the following words means surgical removal of the thyroid gland?

A)Thyrotoxicosis
B)Hypothyroidism
C)Thymectomy
D)Thyroidectomy
E)Tonsillectomy

Question 35

How many different hormones are produced by the hypothalamus?

A)4
B)6
C)10
D)8
E)5

Question 36

Which gland reaches its maximum size in childhood and may regulate puberty's timing?

A)Pineal
B)Pituitary
C)Parathyroid
D)Thyroid
E)Adrenal

Question 37

Which of the following words has an element meaning highest point or peak?

A)Nadir
B)Insipidus
C)Acromegaly
D)Endocrine
E)Prolactin

Question 38

The H in GH and FSH stands for:

A)hemoglobin.
B)hormone.
C)hapten.
D)hemisphere.
E)hiatal.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a gland in the endocrine system?

A)Pineal
B)Somatotropin
C)Adrenal
D)Gonad
E)Ovary

Question 40

Prolactin which stimulates the production of milk is produced by the:

A)pineal gland.
B)thymus.
C)pituitary gland.
D)ovaries.
E)pancreas.

Question 41

Which of the following conditions is NOT a diabetic complication?

A)Aldosteronism
B)Kidney disease
C)Heart disease
D)Neuropathy
E)Vascular disease

Question 42

Androgens and estrogens are __________ hormones produced by the adrenal _____________.

A)medullary; apex
B)metabolic; medulla
C)sex; cortex
D)neurotransmitter; medulla
E)mineral; lumen

Question 43

Which of the following words means enlargement of the thyroid gland?

A)Goiter
B)Adenoma
C)Hypothyroidism
D)Hyperpnea
E)Myxedema

Question 44

Which of the following hormones is normally secreted in response to hyperglycemia?

A)Glucagon
B)Glucosagon
C)Insulin
D)Oxytocin
E)Calcitonin

Question 45

Which of the following substances is (are) used to suppress inflammation?

A)Anabolic steroids
B)Hydrocortisone
C)Adrenocortical hormones
D)Thyroid stimulating hormone
E)Estrogen

Question 46

In the term paresthesia, the root word means :

A)extremities.
B)sensation.
C)numbness.
D)body.
E)around.

Question 47

The basic principle of diabetes treatment is to avoid:

A)risk of infection.
B)too many calories.
C)abnormal blood sugar levels.
D)not getting enough sleep.
E)over-exercising.

Question 48

One of the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia is:

A)polyuria.
B)chronic nausea.
C)syncope.
D)pallor.
E)abdominal pain.

Question 49

All of the following are areas of routine treatment of diabetes EXCEPT:

A)diet.
B)routine physician visits.
C)pancreatectomy.
D)BUN.
E)exercise.

Question 50

Tetany is defined as:

A)enlargement of bones.
B)painful muscle spasms.
C)protrusion of the eyeball.
D)enlargement of the thyroid gland.
E)excessive production of thyroid hormones.

Question 51

A synonym for hydrocortisone is:

A)aldosterone.
B)adrenaline.
C)cortisol.
D)thyroxine.
E)testosterone.

Question 52

The medical term that means pertaining to a disease of unknown cause?

A)Etiology
B)Toxic
C)Exocrine
D)Inflammatory
E)Idiopathic

Question 53

The thymus secretes the hormone(s):

A)thymosin.
B)iodine.
C)thyroxine.
D)triiodothyronine.
E)T3 and T4.

Question 54

Addison disease is caused by:

A)adrenal gland insufficiency.
B)adrenal cortical hyperfunction.
C)adrenal hypersecretion.
D)hirsutism.
E)aldosteronism.

Question 55

A synonym for adrenaline is:

A)adenectomy.
B)adenoma.
C)estrogen.
D)aldosterone.
E)epinephrine.

Question 56

Which component of the endocrine system controls the body's metabolic rate?

A)Thymus gland
B)Thyroid gland
C)Pancreas
D)Adrenal glands
E)Pineal gland

Question 57

The hormone gastrin has a connection to which of the following body organs?

A)Liver
B)Skin
C)Kidney
D)Thyroid
E)Stomach

Question 58

Which hormone promotes calcium deposition and bone formation?

A)Calcitonin
B)Thyroxine
C)Insulin
D)Prolactin
E)PTH

Question 59

The adrenal cortex synthesizes more than 25 steroid hormones which are collectively known as:

A)facies.
B)antidiuretics.
C)diabetes insipidus.
D)corticosteroids.
E)myxedema.

Question 60

Which gland secretes the hormone melatonin?

A)Adrenal
B)Pineal
C)Pituitary
D)Thymus
E)Hypothalamus

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a function of a thyroid hormone?

A)Increase in the amount of oxygen that cells use
B)Control of metabolic rate
C)Stimulation of tissues to produce proteins
D)Secretion of leptin
E)Moving calcium from blood to bone

Question 62

The function of parathyroid hormone is to:

A)increase metabolic rate.
B)decreased metabolic rate.
C)decreased urine output.
D)increase calcium blood levels.
E)decrease calcium blood levels.

Question 63

Which gland is located beneath the skin of the neck below the Adam's apple?

A)Thyroid
B)Pituitary
C)Adrenal Hormones of the Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Thymus Glands
D)Thymus
E)Parathyroid

Question 64

Endocrine cells of the pancreas are located in clusters called islets of _________.

A)Langerhans
B)longfellow
C)lancefield
D)landau
E)lister

Question 65

The removal of a part or the whole of an adrenal gland is:

A)nephrology.
B)adrenalectomy.
C)mastectomy.
D)appendectomy.
E)nephrectomy.

Question 66

Which disease/disorder is treated with hormone replacement therapy?

A)Graves disease
B)Crohn disease
C)Arteriosclerosis
D)Osteoporosis
E)Addison disease

Question 67

Which of the following words means facial expression and features?

A)Fistula
B)Feces
C)Facies
D)Facetious
E)Fissure

Question 68

A sign of Cushing syndrome is:

A)goiter.
B)hyperactivity.
C)paresthesia.
D)exophthalmos.
E)moon facies.

Question 69

Which of the following words has an element meaning new?

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Glucagon
C)Insulin
D)Somatostatin
E)Epinephrine

Question 70

Which of the following words has a suffix meaning to separate, dissolve?

A)Pancreatitis
B)Somatostatin
C)Diabetic
D)Glycogenolysis
E)Gluconeogenesis

Question 71

Which of the following terms describes the excessive eating associated with hyperglycemia?

A)Dysuria
B)Polyuria
C)Polyphagia
D)Polydipsia
E)Presbyphagia

Question 72

Which of the following is an abbreviation for the hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce hormones called corticosteroids?

A)TSH
B)ADH
C)ACTH
D)LH
E)ACOS

Question 73

Which hormones are responsible for the "fight or flight" response of the body?

A)Prolactin and testosterone
B)T3 and thyroxine
C)T4 and calcitonin
D)Epinephrine and adrenaline
E)PTH and cortisol

Question 74

Alpha cells, beta cells and delta cells are found in the:

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)pancreas.
D)colon.
E)gallbladder.

Question 75

The most extreme state of _________ is a life-threatening condition called thyroid storm, in which enormously excessive quantities of thyroid hormones are released into the bloodstream.

A)Hashimoto's thyroiditis
B)hypoparathyroidism
C)Graves disease
D)goiter
E)thyrotoxicosis

Question 76

Which of the following hormone(s) move(s) calcium from blood to bones?

A)Calcitonin
B)Melanotropin
C)Glucocorticoids
D)Mineralocorticoids
E)Leptin

Question 77

The M in DM stands for:

A)muscle.
B)mellitus.
C)myoglobin.
D)mass.
E)myocardium.

Question 78

Which of the following words has an element that means beside?

A)Prostaglandin
B)Prolactin
C)Polyphagia
D)Parathyroid
E)Supraoptic

Question 79

Hypersecretion of cortisol, resulting in moon face, obesity, osteoporosis, and kidney stones, is termed:

A)Addison disease.
B)Cushing syndrome.
C)Hodgkin disease.
D)celiac disease.
E)Crohn disease.

Question 80

Which of the following hormones is an agent that decreases urine production?

A)Calcitonin
B)Somatotropin
C)ADH
D)Glucagon
E)Oxytocin