Deck 14: The Digestive System

Question 1

Which of the following combining forms does not refer to a part of the intestine?

A) All of the combining forms listed refer to the small intestine.
B) enter/o
C) duoden/o
D) sigmoid/o

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The combining form enter/o refers to intestine but not a specific part of the intestine.

Question 2

Which of the following combining forms means tongue?

A) gingiv/o
B) peps/o
C) gloss/o
D) sigmoid/o

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The combining form gloss/o means tongue.

Question 3

What is the term used for the process of chewing?

A) Deglutition
B) Mastication
C) Peristalsis
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

B
Explanation: The process of chewing, called mastication, uses the masseter and temporalis muscles to move the jaw in a crushing motion, while the tongue, orbicularis oris, and buccinator muscles work to keep the food between the teeth.

Question 4

Where are the submandibular salivary glands?

A) Anterior to the ears
B) Inferior to the angle of the mandible on each side
C) Below the tongue
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

What is the combining form for vomit?

A) esophag/o
B) emet/o
C) enter/o
D) gastr/o

Question 6

What does the combining form cyst/o mean?

A) Sac
B) Cell
C) Colon
D) Gall

Question 7

What is the pH of the saliva?

A) 6.5 to 7.0
B) 6.8 to 7.5
C) 7.8 to 8.0
D) 6.8 to 7.0

Question 8

Which muscles move the jaw in a crushing motion during mastication?

A) Tongue
B) Orbicularis oris
C) Buccinator
D) Temporalis

Question 9

What organ in the digestive system manipulates what is ingested and provides the sense of taste?

A) Teeth
B) Tongue
C) Salivary gland
D) Soft palate

Question 10

Which of the following combining forms means intestines?

A) col/o
B) chole/o
C) enter/o
D) duoden/o

Question 11

Which of the following combining forms means stomach?

A) esophag/o
B) emet/o
C) enter/o
D) gastr/o

Question 12

What holds the tooth in its socket in the jaw?

A) Periodontal ligaments
B) Gingiva
C) Enamel
D) Root

Question 13

Which of the following combining forms means colon?

A) col/o
B) chole/o
C) enter/o
D) duoden/o

Question 14

Which of the following combining forms refers to a structure in the mouth?

A) duoden/o
B) gloss/o
C) esophag/o
D) sigmoid/o

Question 15

Which of the following combining forms means liver?

A) hepat/o
B) peps/o
C) gloss/o
D) sigmoid/o

Question 16

Which salivary glands are located anterior to the ears?

A) Parotid glands
B) Submandibular glands
C) Sublingual glands
D) None of these are correct.

Question 17

What does the combining form peps/o mean?

A) Stomach
B) Digestion
C) Vomit
D) Colon

Question 18

What structure in the oral cavity directs materials downward to the pharynx?

A) Teeth
B) palate
C) Uvula
D) Cheeks

Question 19

Which structure forms the roof of the oral cavity?

A) Teeth
B) palate
C) Uvula
D) Cheeks

Question 20

Which combining form means gums?

A) gingiv/o
B) peps/o
C) gloss/o
D) sigmoid/o

Question 21

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps in deglutition?

A) The tongue pushes the bolus back to the pharynx - the bolus moves into the esophagus - the larynx pushes up, causing the epiglottis to close over the glottis - peristalsis moves the bolus toward the stomach.
B) The tongue pushes the bolus back to the pharynx - the larynx pushes up, causing the epiglottis to close over the glottis - the bolus moves into the esophagus - peristalsis moves the bolus toward the stomach.
C) The larynx pushes up, causing the epiglottis to close over the glottis - the tongue pushes the bolus back to the pharynx - peristalsis moves the bolus toward the stomach - the bolus moves into the esophagus.
D) The larynx pushes up, causing the epiglottis to close over the glottis - the tongue pushes the bolus back to the pharynx - the bolus moves into the esophagus - peristalsis moves the bolus toward the stomach.

Question 22

Which layer of smooth muscle in the stomach is arranged longitudinally?

A) Outer layer
B) Inner layer
C) Middle layer
D) None of these are correct.

Question 23

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

A) Converts iron in the diet to a useable form that can be absorbed
B) Converts pepsinogen to pepsin
C) Activates lingual lipase
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

Which sphincter controls the opening from the esophagus to the stomach?

A) Pyloric
B) Cardiac
C) Esophageal
D) Gastric

Question 25

Which cranial nerve is not required for deglutition?

A) Cranial nerve V
B) Cranial nerve VII
C) Cranial nerve XI
D) Cranial nerve XII

Question 26

What structure is part of both the respiratory and digestive system?

A) Epiglottis
B) Esophagus
C) Pharynx
D) Larynx

Question 27

Which cells secrete highly-alkaline mucus to protect the stomach walls from the hostile environment caused by the acid and digestive enzymes produced in the stomach?

A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells

Question 28

Which cells produce hydrochloric acid?

A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells

Question 29

Which of the following is not an area of the stomach?

A) Lesser curvature
B) Fundus
C) Pyloric curvature
D) Greater curvature

Question 30

Which cells produce gastrin?

A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells

Question 31

What is the function of intrinsic factor?

A) Destroys bacteria.
B) Allows vitamin B₁₂ to be absorbed
C) Protects the stomach walls
D) Partially breaks down lipids

Question 32

What chemical in saliva partially breaks down carbohydrates during the process of mastication?

A) Water
B) Amylase
C) Lingual lipase
D) None of these are correct.

Question 33

What feature inside the stomach allows for more surface area?

A) Gastric glands
B) Gastric pits
C) Gastric rugae
D) None of these are correct.

Question 34

Which sphincter regulates the passage of materials to the duodenum?

A) Pyloric
B) Cardiac
C) Esophageal
D) Gastric

Question 35

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach has what pH?

A) 8.0
B) 0.08
C) 0.8
D) None of these are correct.

Question 36

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A) Destroys bacteria
B) Allows vitamin B₁₂ to be absorbed
C) Protects the stomach walls
D) Partially breaks down lipids

Question 37

Which cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase in the stomach?

A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells

Question 38

What is the term used for swallowing?

A) Deglutition
B) Mastication
C) Peristalsis
D) None of these are correct.

Question 39

Which cells produce intrinsic factor?

A) Mucous cells
B) Endocrine cells
C) Parietal cells
D) Chief cells

Question 40

What is the term used for wavelike contractions that move the bolus along the length of the esophagus?

A) Deglutition
B) Mastication
C) Peristalsis
D) None of these are correct.

Question 41

All of the following are roles of secretin and cholecystokinin except which one?

A) To target the hepatopancreatic sphincter, telling it to release pancreatic enzymes into the small intestines
B) To target the stomach's parietal and chief cells, telling them to stop producing hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
C) To target the pancreas, telling it to release enzymes to complete carbohydrate, lipid, and protein digestion
D) All of the answers are functions of secretin and cholecystokinin.

Question 42

The common bile duct runs from what to what?

A) From the common bile duct to the duodenum
B) From the common hepatic duct to the duodenum
C) From the common bile duct to the pancreatic duct
D) None of these are correct.

Question 43

What is chyme?

A) Liquefied contents of the stomach.
B) Mixture of bolus with gastric juices.
C) Partially digested carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

Which organ has both a digestive function and an endocrine function?

A) Liver
B) Gall bladder
C) Pancreas
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 45

What hormone tells the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acidic chyme?

A) Gastrin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Secretin
D) Pepsin

Question 46

What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?

A) Gastrin
B) Intrinsic factor
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Gastric lipase

Question 47

What causes the pyloric sphincter to open?

A) The increase in gastrin.
B) The mixing of chime.
C) The low pH of the stomach.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 48

Endocrine cells in the duodenum secrete what hormone?

A) Gastrin
B) Pepsinogen
C) Secretin
D) Pepsin

Question 49

What is the function of the pancreas?

A) Neutralizes the acids of chyme.
B) Chemically digests carbohydrates.
C) Chemically digests proteins.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 50

Which ligament of the liver is a sheet of mesentery that suspends the liver from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall?

A) Falciform ligament
B) Round ligament
C) Hepatic ligament
D) None of these are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following represent the correct sequence for bile leaving the liver?

A) Bile travels from the hepatocytes, to hepatic ductules, to the right and left hepatic ducts, to the common hepatic duct, to the common bile duct.
B) Bile travels from the hepatocytes, to the right and left hepatic ducts, to hepatic ductules, to the common hepatic duct, to the common bile duct.
C) Bile travels from the hepatocytes, to hepatic ductules, to the common bile duct, to the right and left hepatic ducts, to the common hepatic duct.
D) Bile travels from the hepatocytes, to the right and left hepatic ducts, to the common hepatic duct, to the common bile duct, to hepatic ductules.

Question 52

What helps complete lipid digestion by emulsifying fats?

A) Mucus
B) Lipase
C) Bile
D) None of these are correct.

Question 53

What hormone tells the gallbladder to contract and release its bile through the cystic duct to the common bile duct?

A) Gastrin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Secretin
D) Pepsin

Question 54

Which ligament of the liver is a remnant or leftover piece of the umbilical vein?

A) Falciform ligament
B) Round ligament
C) Hepatic ligament
D) None of these are correct.

Question 55

Which answer lists the parts of the small intestine in the correct order?

A) Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
B) Jejunum, duodenum, ileum
C) Jejunum, ileum, duodenum
D) Ileum, jejunum, duodenum

Question 56

Which part of the small intestine is lined with Peyer's patches?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Peyer's patches are in all parts of the small intestine.

Question 57

What are the tiny projections in the duodenal lining?

A) Villi
B) Brush border
C) Lacteals
D) None of these are correct.

Question 58

What is the digestive function of the hepatocytes?

A) To produce bile
B) To produce steroid
C) To produce lecithin
D) To emulsify lipids

Question 59

Most absorption takes place in which part of the small intestine?

A) Duodenum
B) Jejunum
C) Ileum
D) Absorption happens equally throughout the small intestine.

Question 60

What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?

A) Partially breaks down proteins
B) Allows vitamin B₁₂ to be absorbed
C) Protects the stomach walls
D) Partially breaks down lipids

Question 61

Which answer choice below is considered the afferent sensory neuron in the reflex arc for defecation?

A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall

Question 62

All of the following are regions of the colon except which one?

A) Cecum
B) Sigmoid
C) Rectum
D) Anal canal

Question 63

Where does the blood from the capillaries of the stomach and intestine go?

A) Kidneys
B) Liver
C) Lymphatic vessels
D) None of these are correct.

Question 64

Which is true regarding the absorption of nutrients during digestion?

A) Proteins are chemically digested to amino acids and absorbed into the blood of capillaries in the small intestine.
B) Carbohydrates are chemically digested to monosaccharides and were also absorbed into the blood of capillaries in the stomach.
C) Lipids are chemically digested to fatty acids and glycerides, and were absorbed into the lacteals in the large intestinal villi.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are absorbed along with the products of protein digestion.

Question 65

Which efferent motor neuron listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?

A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall

Question 66

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of the regions in the colon?

A) Sigmoid colon, rectum, cecum, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon
B) Cecum, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
C) Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
D) Transverse colon, descending colon, ascending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, cecum

Question 67

Which diagnostic test uses a lighted endoscope to visualize the rectum?

A) Colonoscopy
B) Laparoscopy
C) Sigmoidoscopy
D) Proctoscopy

Question 68

The liver removes all of the following substances except which one?

A) Excess glucose
B) Excess amino acids
C) Excess fatty acids
D) Excess vitamins

Question 69

Which diagnostic test uses an instrument to visualize the lower colon and rectum?

A) Colonoscopy
B) Laparoscopy
C) Sigmoidoscopy
D) Proctoscopy

Question 70

Which effector listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?

A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall

Question 71

What part of the nervous system controls digestion?

A) Sensory and motor
B) Afferent and efferent
C) Central and peripheral
D) Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 72

Which organism can cause food poisoning that results in nausea,diarrhea,and vomiting,which occurs 1-6 hours after eating the contaminated food?

A) Staphylococcus
B) Salmonellosis
C) Botulism
D) None of these are correct.

Question 73

What digestive system disorder is characterized by chronic gastric reflux?

A) Heartburn
B) GERD
C) Food poisoning
D) Peptic ulcers

Question 74

What moves chyme through the small intestine?

A) Segmentation
B) Peristalsis
C) Both answers are correct.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 75

Which is false regarding the absorption of nutrients during digestion?

A) Proteins are chemically digested to amino acids and absorbed into the blood of capillaries in the small intestine.
B) Minerals are electrolytes that are absorbed in the stomach.
C) Lipids are chemically digested to fatty acids and glycerides, and were absorbed into the lacteals in the small intestinal villi.
D) Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are absorbed along with the products of lipid digestion.

Question 76

Which diagnostic test uses an instrument to visualize the abdomen or pelvic region?

A) Colonoscopy
B) Laparoscopy
C) Sigmoidoscopy
D) Proctoscopy

Question 77

Which answer choice is not a function of the digestive system?

A) Ingestion
B) Digestion
C) Absorption
D) Filtration

Question 78

Which of the following is not an effect of aging on the digestive system?

A) The enamel on the teeth thins and the gingiva recedes allowing for increased tooth decay and loosening of the teeth.
B) Less intrinsic factor is produced resulting in less vitamin B₁₂ absorption leading to possible pernicious anemia.
C) The liver may metabolize drugs differently as it ages.
D) The rate of movement through the large intestine increases with age.

Question 79

Which integration center listed below is found in the reflex arc for defecation?

A) Stretch receptors in the rectal wall
B) Spinal cord
C) The rectal wall
D) Motor neurons in the rectal wall

Question 80

Which statement is false regarding nutrient absorption in the small intestines?

A) Monosaccharides and amino acids are absorbed into capillaries through the epithelium of the villi by facilitated diffusion.
B) Fatty acids and glycerides are absorbed across the epithelial membranes of the villi by diffusion.
C) The ileum reabsorbs 20% of the bile acids in the chyme, while the other 80% will leave the body during defecation.
D) All of the statements are true.