Deck 13: The Respiratory System

Question 1

What structures serve as the common passage way for food and air?

A) Pharynx
B) Trachea
C) Larynx
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The pharynx transports both food and air, food then enters the esophagus while air enters the trachea.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence in which air travels through the respiratory system?

A) The air enters the nasal cavity through the nose, to the larynx, to the pharynx, to the trachea, to the bronchi, to the lungs, to the bronchial tree, and to the alveoli.
B) The air enters the nasal cavity through the nose, to the pharynx, to the larynx, to the trachea, to the bronchi, to the lungs, to the bronchial tree, and to the alveoli.
C) The air enters the nasal cavity through the nose, to the trachea, to the pharynx, to the larynx, to the bronchi, to the lungs, to the bronchial tree, and to the alveoli.
D) The air enters the nasal cavity through the nose, to the trachea, to the pharynx, to the larynx, to the bronchi, to the bronchial tree, to the lungs, and to the alveoli.

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The air enters the nasal cavity through the nose, to the pharynx, to the larynx, to the trachea, to the bronchi, to the lungs, to the bronchial tree, and to the alveoli.

Question 3

What does the combining form cyan/o mean?

A) Blue
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Chest
D) Air

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The combining form cyan/o means blue.

Question 4

Which of the following structures is considered part of the upper respiratory tract?

A) Lungs
B) Bronchi
C) Pharynx
D) Alveoli

Question 5

Which of the following combining forms means breathing?

A) phren/o
B) thorac/o
C) pulmon/o
D) spir/o

Question 6

Which statement about the bronchi is false?

A) The right and left main bronchi each enter their respective lung at the hilum.
B) The right bronchus is slightly more horizontal than the left bronchus due to the location of the heart.
C) The main bronchi and all of their further branches make up the bronchial tree.
D) All of these statements are false.

Question 7

Air passes through the parts of the pharynx in what order?

A) The oropharynx - the nasopharynx - the laryngopharynx
B) The nasopharynx- the oropharynx - the laryngopharynx
C) The laryngopharynx - nasopharynx- the oropharynx
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

What is another name for throat?

A) Pharynx
B) Larynx
C) Trachea
D) Epiglottis

Question 9

Which of the following combining forms means diaphragm?

A) phren/o
B) pneum/o
C) pulmon/o
D) pharyng/o

Question 10

Which combining form does not mean nose?

A) rhin/o
B) nas/o
C) sinus/o
D) All of the combining forms mean nose.

Question 11

Which of the following combining forms means bronchial tube?

A) bronch/o
B) bronchi/o
C) brochiol/o
D) bronc/o

Question 12

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 13

What are the three bony lateral ridges in the nasal cavity called?

A) The vestibule
B) The guard hairs
C) The sinuses
D) The nasal chonchae

Question 14

What does the combining form alveol/o mean?

A) Blue
B) Alveolus
C) Lung
D) Air

Question 15

Which of the following structures is considered part of the lower respiratory tract?

A) Lungs
B) Nose
C) Pharynx
D) Larynx

Question 16

Which of the following combining forms means air?

A) phren/o
B) pneum/o
C) pulmon/o
D) pharyng/o

Question 17

Which of the following combining forms means chest?

A) phren/o
B) thorac/o
C) trache/o
D) spir/o

Question 18

What is another name for voice box?

A) Pharynx
B) Larynx
C) Trachea
D) Epiglottis

Question 19

Which of the following combining forms means bronchus?

A) bronch/o
B) bronchi/o
C) brochiol/o
D) bronc/o

Question 20

Which of the following combining forms means lung?

A) phren/o
B) pneum/o
C) pulmon/o
D) pharyng/o

Question 21

Which of the following describes inspiratory reserve volume?

A) The amount of air in the lungs that cannot be moved.
B) The amount of air that can be forcefully expired beyond the amount expired in a normal breath at rest.
C) The amount of air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the amount inspired in a normal breath at rest.
D) The amount of air moved in a normal breath (inspired or expired) at rest.

Question 22

What is the definition of functional residual capacity?

A) The maximum amount of air the lung can hold.
B) The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after the expiration of a normal breath at rest.
C) The maximum amount of air that can be moved.
D) The amount of air remaining in the lungs after the expiration of a normal breath at rest.

Question 23

Which statement correctly describes what happens during inspiration?

A) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm contracts to flatten its dome shape.
B) The external intercostal, pectoralis major, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm contracts to flatten its dome shape.
C) The external intercostal, pectoralis major, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to flatten its dome shape.
D) The external intercostal and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm contracts to flatten its dome shape.

Question 24

How is vital capacity calculated?

A) IC + FRC
B) ERV + RV
C) TV + IRV
D) VC + RV

Question 25

Which condition results from air being introduced in the pleural cavity between the pleural membranes?

A) Emphysema
B) Pneumonia
C) Pneumothorax
D) Asthma

Question 26

Which of the following describes tidal volume?

A) The amount of air in the lungs that cannot be moved.
B) The amount of air that can be forcefully expired beyond the amount expired in a normal breath at rest.
C) The amount of air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the amount inspired in a normal breath at rest.
D) The amount of air moved in a normal breath (inspired or expired) at rest.

Question 27

Infants born before what age can develop hyaline membrane disease?

A) 9 months
B) 8 months
C) 7 months
D) All infants are prone to hyaline membrane disease.

Question 28

What is the definition of inspiratory capacity?

A) The maximum amount of air the lung can hold
B) The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after the expiration of a normal breath at rest
C) The maximum amount of air that can be moved
D) The amount of air remaining in the lungs after the expiration of a normal breath at rest

Question 29

What can spirometry measure?

A) Lung volume
B) Lung capacity
C) Both answers are correct.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 30

What is false about surfactant?

A) Surfactant increases the surface tension of water.
B) Surfactant causes water to form a thin sheet instead of a bead.
C) Surfactant reduces the chance the alveoli walls collapsing on each other.
D) All of these statements are false.

Question 31

What is surfactant?

A) The surface of the alveoli
B) A cell type that composes the alveoli
C) The substance responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli
D) A fluid secreted by the great alveolar cells

Question 32

What is the definition of vital capacity?

A) The maximum amount of air the lung can hold
B) The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after the expiration of a normal breath at rest
C) The maximum amount of air that can be moved
D) The amount of air remaining in the lungs after the expiration of a normal breath at rest

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true?

A) As the lung expands, the pressure within the lung increases, so air moves in until the pressure inside the lung is equal to the pressure outside the body.
B) As the lung expands, the pressure within the lung decreases, so air moves in until the pressure inside the lung is equal to the pressure outside the body.
C) As the lung expands, the pressure within the lung decreases, so air moves out until the pressure inside the lung is equal to the pressure outside the body.
D) As the lung expands, the pressure within the lung decreases, so air moves out until the pressure inside the lung is greater than the pressure outside the body.

Question 34

Which statement correctly describes what happens during expiration?

A) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm contracts to flatten its dome shape.
B) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles relax to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.
C) The external intercostal, pectoralis minor, and sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.
D) The external intercostal and sternocleidomastoid muscles relax to expand the rib cage and the diaphragm relaxes to return to its dome shape.

Question 35

What are the grape-like clusters at the end of each bronchiole?

A) Lobule
B) Bronchi
C) Hilum
D) Alveoli

Question 36

Which of the following describes expiratory reserve volume?

A) The amount of air in the lungs that cannot be moved
B) The amount of air that can be forcefully expired beyond the amount expired in a normal breath at rest
C) The amount of air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the amount inspired in a normal breath at rest
D) The amount of air moved in a normal breath (inspired or expired) at rest

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true?

A) When the pressure in the lung is greater than inside the body, air flows from the body until the pulmonary and atmospheric pressures are equal.
B) When the pressure in the lung is greater than outside the body, air flows into the body until the pulmonary and atmospheric pressures are equal.
C) When the pressure in the lung is less than outside the body, air flows from the body until the pulmonary and atmospheric pressures are equal.
D) When the pressure in the lung is greater than outside the body, air flows from the body until the pulmonary and atmospheric pressures are equal.

Question 38

What is the definition of total lung capacity?

A) The maximum amount of air the lung can hold
B) The maximum amount of air that can be inspired after the expiration of a normal breath at rest
C) The maximum amount of air that can be moved
D) The amount of air remaining in the lungs after the expiration of a normal breath at rest

Question 39

Which statement lists all of the components of the respiratory membrane?

A) The respiratory membrane is composed of the thin layer of surfactant in the alveoli, the single squamous cell alveolar wall, and the single cell capillary wall.
B) The respiratory membrane is composed of the thin layer of water in the alveoli, the single squamous cell alveolar wall, and the single cell capillary wall.
C) The respiratory membrane is composed of the thin layer of water with surfactant in the alveoli, the single squamous cell alveolar wall, and the single cell capillary wall.
D) The respiratory membrane is composed of the thin layer of water with surfactant in the alveoli and the single cell capillary wall.

Question 40

What disorder occurs in premature infants and is characterized by collapsed alveoli due to the lack of surfactant?

A) Respiratory membrane disease
B) Hyaline membrane disease
C) Surfactant disease
D) Fetal respiratory disease

Question 41

What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?

A) When maximum chest expansion has been reached, the medulla oblongata stops sending inspiratory messages which prevents over inflation of the lungs.
B) The ability to adjust the transitions from inspiration to expiration.
C) The ability to exert voluntary control over the respiratory system.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 42

Acidosis occurs if the pH of the blood is less than what?

A) 7.35
B) 6.35
C) 7.00
D) 8.35

Question 43

Which of the following statements correctly list the partial pressures of nitrogen,oxygen,carbon dioxide and water vapor?

A) P_N2 is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P_O2 is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg, P_CO2 is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
B) P_N2 is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P_O2 is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg, P_CO2 is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
C) P_N2 is 0.04% of 760 or 0.3 mmHg, P_O2 is 78.6% of 760 or 597 mmHg, P_CO2 is 20.9% of 760 or 159 mmHg and the remainder 3.7 mmHg is the partial pressure of water vapor.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 44

How does lung perfusion work in ventilation-perfusion coupling?

A) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases, the bronchioles dilate.
B) Air flow is directed to lobules where partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high.
C) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases, the bronchioles constrict.
D) Alveolar capillaries constrict where the partial pressure of oxygen is low, so blood is diverted to where the partial pressure of oxygen is high.

Question 45

How is functional residual capacity calculated?

A) IC + FRC
B) ERV + RV
C) TV + IRV
D) VC + RV

Question 46

Lung perfusion refers to what?

A) Blood flow to alveoli
B) Air flow to alveoli
C) The air flow to the lung must match the blood flow to the lung
D) None of these are correct.

Question 47

Which equation is true?

A) P_{CO2 Tissues} > P_{CO2 Capillary}
B) P_{CO2 Tissues} < P_{CO2 Capillary}
C) P_{CO2 Tissues} = P_{CO2 Capillary}
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 48

What does ventilation-perfusion coupling refer to?

A) The air flow to the lung must be greater than or less than but not equal to the blood flow to the lung.
B) The air flow to the lung must be less than the blood flow to the lung.
C) The air flow to the lung must be greater than the blood flow to the lung.
D) The air flow to the lung must match the blood flow to the lung.

Question 49

How is total lung capacity calculated?

A) IC + FRC
B) ERV + RV
C) TV + IRV
D) VC + RV

Question 50

What is the function of the pontine respiratory group?

A) When maximum chest expansion has been reached, the medulla oblongata stops sending inspiratory messages which prevents over inflation of the lungs.
B) To adjust the transitions from inspiration to expiration
C) To exert voluntary control over the respiratory system
D) None of these are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following does not influence gas exchange?

A) Concentration of the gases
B) Membrane area and thickness
C) Solubility of the gas
D) All of these influence gas exchange.

Question 52

Respiration is adjusted by the medulla oblongata to maintain what pH?

A) 7.35 to 7.45
B) 6.35 to 7.45
C) 7.00 to 7.45
D) 7.35 to 8.45

Question 53

Which statement about gas transport is true?

A) Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin, and most of the oxygen is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
B) Most of the oxygen is transported in the blood by hemoglobin as bicarbonate ions, and most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as oxyhemoglobin.
C) Most of the oxygen is transported in the blood by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin, and most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 54

What does compliance measure in terms of lung function?

A) It measures how well the lung can expand and return to shape.
B) It measures how much the lung can expand.
C) It measures how much the lung can hold.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 55

Which statement about gas exchange is false?

A) The thicker the respiratory membrane, the

Question 56

Alveolar ventilation refers to what?

A) Blood flow to alveoli
B) Air flow to alveoli
C) The air flow to the lung must match the blood flow to the lung
D) None of these are correct.

Question 57

How does alveolar ventilation work in ventilation-perfusion coupling?

A) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases, the bronchioles dilate.
B) Air flow is directed to lobules where partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high.
C) If partial pressure of carbon dioxide decreases, the bronchioles constrict.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following situations comparing inspired air to expired air is false?

A) Oxygen diffuses into the arterial end of capillaries to the tissues and CO₂ diffuses into the tissues of the capillaries due to the differences in partial pressures.
B) Oxygen diffuses into the arterial ends of pulmonary capillaries, and CO₂ diffuses into the alveoli because of differences in partial pressures.
C) The partial pressure of O₂ is reduced in the pulmonary veins due to the mixing of blood drained from the bronchi and bronchial tree.
D) Oxygen diffuses out of the arterial end of capillaries to the tissues and CO₂ diffuses out of the tissues to the capillaries due to the differences in partial pressures.

Question 59

Which statement is true regarding gas exchange?

A) Blood coming from the right side of the heart to the lung is high in oxygen and the air inspired to the alveolus in the lung is low in oxygen.
B) Oxygen rich blood travels from the lung to the right side of the heart before traveling to the capillaries at the tissues of the body.
C) The blood leaving the capillaries at the tissues of the body travels to the left side of the heart before returning to the lungs.
D) Blood leaves the left side of the heart to carry oxygen through the capillaries to the body's tissues.

Question 60

What sends information to the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata concerning pH,CO₂,and O₂?

A) The pontine respiratory group in the pons
B) The peripheral chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid arteries and central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata
C) None of these are correct.
D) Both of these answers are correct.

Question 61

Which type of lung cancer originates in the mucous glands of the bronchial tree in the lung?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) None of these are correct.

Question 62

Which diagnostic exam uses an infrared light to determine the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood?

A) Peak flow meter
B) Mantoux test
C) Arterial blood gas
D) Pulse oximetry

Question 63

Which of the following respiratory infections is considered the most common?

A) Influenza
B) Pertussis
C) Cold
D) Pneumonia

Question 64

All of the following are functions of the respiratory system except which one?

A) Gas exchange
B) Acid-base balance
C) Speech
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 65

Which disorder is characterized by a genetic disease that causes the production sticky mucus that cannot be moved easily by the respiratory epithelium's ciliated escalator?

A) Pleurisy
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Hyaline membrane disease

Question 66

Which respiratory disorder results from long-term irritation of the epithelium of the bronchial tree?

A) Emphysema
B) Asthma
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 67

Which diagnostic exam measures the amount of oxygen carried by red blood cells?

A) Peak flow meter
B) Oxygen saturation test
C) Arterial blood gas
D) Spirometry

Question 68

Which type of lung cancer is the least common form of lung cancer,but it is the most deadly because it easily metastasizes to other tissues?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) None of these are correct.

Question 69

Which of the following respiratory infections causes the loss of cilia in the respiratory epithelium which results in the accumulation of mucus and debris causing a whooping cough?

A) Influenza
B) Pertussis
C) Tuberculosis
D) Pneumonia

Question 70

Which disorder is characterized by inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs?

A) Pleurisy
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Hyaline membrane disease

Question 71

Alkalosis occurs if the pH of the blood is greater than what?

A) 7.35
B) 6.35
C) 7.45
D) 8.35

Question 72

What procedure removes fluid from the chest through a needle or tube?

A) Chest x-ray
B) Monospot test
C) Thoracentesis
D) Spirometry

Question 73

All of the following disorders fall under chronic pulmonary obstructive disorders except which one?

A) Emphysema
B) Asthma
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 74

What is sleep apnea?

A) Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
B) A decrease in thoracic wall compliance decreases due to the diminished ability to expand the chest
C) Breakdown of alveoli walls
D) None of these are correct.

Question 75

Which type of lung cancer originates in the bronchial epithelium?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Adenocarcinoma
C) Oat cell carcinoma
D) None of these are correct.

Question 76

All of the following are effects of aging on the respiratory system except which one?

A) With age, less mucus accumulates in the respiratory tract because the ciliated escalator becomes more efficient.
B) Thoracic wall compliance decreases due to the diminished ability to expand the chest.
C) Some of the alveoli walls may breakdown, which reduces the area of the respiratory membrane.
D) Obstructive sleep apnea may develop in the elderly as the pharyngeal muscles intermittently relax and block the airway during sleep.

Question 77

Which respiratory disorder is characterized by a loss of respiratory membrane which reduces gas exchange,and reduces lung compliance?

A) Emphysema
B) Asthma
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Pneumonia

Question 78

Which diagnostic exam determines whether a person has developed an immune response to the bacterium that causes tuberculosis?

A) Peak flow meter
B) Mantoux test
C) Arterial blood gas
D) Pulse oximetry

Question 79

What condition of aging reduces vital capacity?

A) Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
B) A decrease in thoracic wall compliance decreases due to the diminished ability to expand the chest
C) Breakdown of alveoli walls
D) None of these are correct.

Question 80

Which diagnostic exam measures the rate at which a person can exhale air?

A) Peak flow meter
B) Mantoux test
C) Arterial blood gas
D) Pulse oximetry