Deck 12: The Lymphatic System

Question 1

Which of the following statements about lymph and lymph vessels is false?

A) Lymph leaves the system of blood vessels through the capillaries due to blood pressure.
B) Lymph returns to the cardiovascular system through a network of open lymph capillaries and vessels that drain the tissues of lymph.
C) Valves inside the lymph vessels direct the flow of lymph in either direction.
D) Lymph vessels eventually drain into one of two collecting ducts, the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Lymph leaves the system of blood vessels through the capillaries due to blood pressure. Lymph must then return to the cardiovascular system through a network of open lymph capillaries and vessels that drain the tissues of lymph. Gaps between the endothelial cells of the lymph capillaries allow lymph, bacteria, and even loose cells to enter the vessel. Valves inside the lymph vessels direct the flow of lymph to larger and larger lymph vessels. Lymph vessels eventually drain into one of two collecting ducts-the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.

Question 2

Which of the following combining forms means lymph node?

A) lymph/o
B) thym/o
C) lymphaden/o
D) immun/o

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The combining form lymphaden/o means lymph node.

Question 3

Which lymphatic disorder is a tropical disease caused by a round worm that blocks lymphatic drainage?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Elephantiasis
C) Allergies
D) HIV/AIDS

Answer 3

B
Explanation: Elephantiasis is a tropical disease caused by a round worm that blocks lymphatic drainage. The round worm gets into the system through a mosquito bite and infects a lymph node, which blocks the flow of lymph, causing edema in the area before the blockage.

Question 4

The lymphatic system is closely connected to what other system?

A) Nervous
B) Endocrine
C) Cardiovascular
D) Muscular

Question 5

Which of the following combining forms means thymus gland?

A) lymph/o
B) thym/o
C) lymphaden/o
D) immun/o

Question 6

Which duct drains lymph from the head,the right arm,and the right side of the thorax?

A) Right lymphatic duct
B) Thoracic duct
C) Subclavian vein
D) None of these are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a category of cells found in the lymphatic system?

A) Natural killer cells
B) T lymphocytes
C) B lymphocytes
D) Monocytes

Question 8

Which cell type destroys bacteria,fights against transplanted tissues,attacks cells infected by viruses,and destroys cancer cells?

A) Natural killer cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) B _Plasma cells
D) Monocytes

Question 9

What moves lymph through lymph vessels?

A) The muscular layer of the lymph vessel
B) The skeletal pump
C) The valves within the lymph vessel
D) None of these are correct.

Question 10

What type of T cells are important for nonspecific defense and specific immunity by recognizing foreign pathogens and activating the cells to fight them?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 11

What type of T cells directly kill cells infected by viruses and cancer cells in specific immunity?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 12

Which duct drains lymph from parts of the body other than the head,the right arm,and the right side of the thorax?

A) Right lymphatic duct
B) Thoracic duct
C) Subclavian vein
D) None of these are correct.

Question 13

What type of T cell suppresses an immune response by inhibiting multiplication and chemical secretions from other T cells?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 14

Lymph is similar to what other bodily fluid?

A) Blood
B) Plasma
C) Urine
D) Intracellular fluid

Question 15

Which of the following combining forms means lymph?

A) lymph/o
B) thym/o
C) lymphaden/o
D) immun/o

Question 16

Which of the following combining forms means protection?

A) lymph/o
B) thym/o
C) lymphaden/o
D) immun/o

Question 17

Which cell type stands guard to alert the body of pathogens entering through the skin?

A) Natural killer cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) B _Plasma cells
D) Dendritic cells

Question 18

Which type of B cell constantly samples material from their environment,processes it,and then displays it for other cells to see?

A) B_Plasma cells
B) B_Memory cells
C) APCs
D) None of these are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about lymph and lymph vessels is true?

A) Lymph leaves the system of blood vessels through the veins due to blood pressure.
B) Lymph returns to the cardiovascular system through a network of open lymph capillaries and vessels that drain the tissues of lymph.
C) Valves inside the lymph vessels direct the flow of lymph in either direction.
D) Lymph vessels eventually drain into one collecting duct.

Question 20

Where do the thoracic and right lymphatic ducts deliver lymph?

A) Aorta
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Subclavian vein
D) None of these are correct.

Question 21

What part of the spleen serves as a reservoir for lymphocytes and macrophages?

A) Red pulp
B) White pulp
C) Both red and white pulp
D) None of these are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about nonspecific resistance and specific immunity?

A) Nonspecific defenses are widespread, meaning they work to fight many pathogens without prior exposure.
B) Nonspecific defenses work to fend off any pathogen in the same way every time the pathogen comes along in the body.
C) Specific immunity requires a prior exposure to a pathogen so the system can recognize the pathogen
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 23

T-cells migrate from the red bone marrow to what organ to mature?

A) Spleen
B) Tonsils
C) Thymus
D) Peyer's patches

Question 24

All of the following are functions of mucus and mucous membranes except which one?

A) Trap microbes.
B) Destroy pathogens.
C) Inhibit pathogens from progressing.
D) Initiate tissue repair.

Question 25

Which type of B cell remembers pathogens that have been introduced to the body so that repeat exposure can be fought more swiftly?

A) B_Plasma cells
B) B_Memory cells
C) APCs
D) None of these are correct.

Question 26

Which of the following falls under the second line of defense?

A) Inflammation
B) Mucous membranes
C) Tears
D) Mucus

Question 27

What lymphoid tissue is scattered throughout the mucous membranes lining tracts to the outside environment?

A) MALT
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Tonsils

Question 28

Which of the following is not one of the three lines of defense?

A) External barriers
B) Inflammation
C) Specific immunity
D) Antibiotic proteins

Question 29

Where are the adenoids located?

A) The roof of the nasopharynx
B) Laterally in the oropharynx
C) At the root of the tongue
D) None of these are correct.

Question 30

What lymphoid tissue removes anything that may be potentially harmful in lymph?

A) MALT
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Tonsils

Question 31

Which of the following does not fall under the first line of defense?

A) Skin
B) Mucous membranes
C) Tears
D) Antimicrobial proteins

Question 32

What lymphoid tissue guards against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth?

A) MALT
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Tonsils

Question 33

What lymphoid tissue is located at the distal end of the small intestine,just before the opening to the large intestine?

A) MALT
B) Peyer's patches
C) Lymph nodes
D) Tonsils

Question 34

Which of the following is not considered part of the nonspecific resistance?

A) External barriers
B) Inflammation
C) Specific immunity
D) Fever

Question 35

Which type of B cell is important in specific immunity because they produce antibodies,which are dissolved proteins in plasma that seek out specific foreign antigens for their destruction?

A) B_Plasma cells
B) B_Memory cells
C) APCs
D) None of these are correct.

Question 36

Which lymphatic disorder is characterized by a lymph node that has become swollen and painful to the touch as a pathogen is being attacked by the lymph node's lymphocytes?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Elephantiasis
C) Allergies
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 37

How does keratin in skin help defend the body?

A) It forms an acid mantle which bacteria do not like.
B) It traps microbes.
C) It is a tough protein that bacteria cannot easily break through.
D) Neither answer is correct.

Question 38

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A) The roof of the nasopharynx
B) Laterally in the oropharynx
C) At the root of the tongue
D) None of these are correct.

Question 39

Which statement about the thymus is false?

A) T-cells migrate from the red bone marrow to the thymus gland where they mature.
B) The thymus is located in the superior mediastinum between the sternum and the aortic arch.
C) The thymus is well developed at birth and continues to develop during adulthood.
D) All of the statements are true.

Question 40

What is the function of Peyer's patches?

A) Stand guard against and fight any pathogens trying to enter the body.
B) Fight any bacteria moving into the small intestine from the colon.
C) Remove anything that may be potentially harmful in lymph.
D) Guard against pathogens entering the body through the nose or mouth.

Question 41

Which cells are involved in both humoral and cellular immunity?

A) T_helper cells
B) T_cytotoxic cells
C) Plasma cells
D) Memory cells

Question 42

How long does it take for humoral immunity to accomplish antibody production in the first exposure to the pathogen?

A) 3-6 days
B) 2-5 days
C) 13-16 days
D) None of these are correct.

Question 43

What is the correct sequence of events in the inflammatory process?

A) Vasodilation - margination - diapedesis - chemotaxis - phagocytosis
B) Vasodilation - diapedesis - chemotaxis - margination - phagocytosis
C) Vasodilation - margination - phagocytosis - diapedesis - chemotaxis
D) Vasodilation - diapedesis - margination - chemotaxis - phagocytosis

Question 44

In cellular immunity,which cells secrete interleukins to attract neutrophils and NK cells to the area,attract and activate macrophages to clean up any debris,and further activate more T cells and B cells?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 45

Which of the following statements describes the function of basophils in the second line of defense?

A) Fight bacteria.
B) Release histamine to promote inflammation.
C) Attack worm parasites.
D) Become macrophages to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 46

How long does it take for humoral immunity to accomplish antibody production in the second exposure to the pathogen?

A) 3-6 days
B) 2-5 days
C) 13-16 days
D) None of these are correct.

Question 47

Which cells are involved in cellular immunity?

A) Neutrophils
B) T_cytotoxic cells
C) Plasma cells
D) Memory cells

Question 48

In humoral immunity,B cells clone themselves in the germinal centers of the lymphatic nodules to become what two types of cells?

A) Natural killer cells and helper cells
B) Natural killer cells and memory cells
C) Helper cells and plasma cells
D) Plasma cells and memory cells

Question 49

What are pyrogens?

A) A set of 20 inactive proteins activated by the presence of a pathogen
B) Chemicals released by virally-infected cells that encourage the production of anti-viral proteins
C) Chemicals released by activated macrophages that raise the body temperature
D) Chemicals released by damaged tissue to cause blood vessels to widen

Question 50

Cellular immunity is not effective against what?

A) Cancer cells
B) Virally-infected cells
C) A bacterial skin infection
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 51

What are interferons?

A) Proteins activated by the presence of a pathogen
B) Chemicals released by virally-infected cells that encourage the production of anti-viral proteins
C) Chemicals that raise the body temperature
D) Chemicals released by damaged tissue to cause blood vessels to widen

Question 52

What is the complement system?

A) A set of 20 inactive proteins activated by the presence of a pathogen
B) Chemicals released by virally-infected cells that encourage the production of anti-viral protein
C) Chemicals that raise the body temperature
D) Chemicals released by damaged tissue to cause blood vessels to widen

Question 53

Which cells are involved in humoral immunity?

A) Neutrophils
B) T_cytotoxic cells
C) Plasma cells
D) Basophils

Question 54

Humoral immunity is effective against what?

A) Cancer cells
B) Virally-infected cells
C) Pathogens present in the tissues
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 55

Which of the following statements describes the function of neutrophils in the second line of defense?

A) Fight bacteria.
B) Release histamine to promote inflammation.
C) Attack worm parasites.
D) Become macrophages to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 56

Which of the following statements describes the function of monocytes in the second line of defense?

A) Fight bacteria.
B) Release histamine to promote inflammation.
C) Attack worm parasites.
D) Become macrophages to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 57

Which of the following statements describes the function of eosinophils in the second line of defense?

A) Fight bacteria.
B) Release histamine to promote inflammation.
C) Attack worm parasites.
D) Become macrophages to phagocytize bacteria.

Question 58

Which of the following statements about humoral immunity is false?

A) Humoral immunity involves B cells making antibodies.
B) Plasma B cells produce specific antibodies.
C) Humoral immunity begins when an APC in lymphoid tissue displays an epitope from its environment on an MHC protein.
D) Humoral immunity is also called cell-mediated immunity.

Question 59

Which statement is false about MHC and APC?

A) MHC protein displays what is self and what is foreign.
B) If the epitope in the MHC is foreign a specific immune response is initiated.
C) Epitopes are displayed on an MHC protein on the surface of the APC.
D) MHCs process antigens and APCs present what was processed.

Question 60

All of the following are functions of inflammation except which one?

A) Trap microbes.
B) Remove debris and damaged tissue.
C) Limit the spread of pathogens.
D) Initiate tissue repair.

Question 61

What term is used to indicate that the body created its own immunity?

A) Passive
B) Active
C) Natural
D) Artificial

Question 62

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system?

A) Fluid balance
B) Lipid absorption
C) Defense against disease
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 63

Gavin turned 4 years old and received vaccinations at his yearly physical examination.What type of immunity will Gavin develop from the vaccinations he receives?

A) Natural active immunity
B) Natural passive immunity
C) Artificial active immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity

Question 64

Aiden is a 4 month old baby boy.When he was born his mother decided to breast feed him,instead of using formula.What type of immunity will baby Aiden develop from receiving mom's antibodies through her breast milk?

A) Natural active immunity
B) Natural passive immunity
C) Artificial active immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity

Question 65

In cellular immunity,which cells directly attack a pathogen or cancer cell?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 66

Which disorder is characterized as cancer of the plasma cells in the bone marrow?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Elephantiasis
C) Lymphoma
D) Multiple myeloma

Question 67

Which statement is false regarding T cells?

A) T_Helper cells activate macrophages for nonspecific defenses like inflammation and fever.
B) In humoral immunity, T_Helper cells first recognize what is foreign and then release interleukin-2 to have B cells react by cloning themselves and producing antibodies.
C) In cellular immunity T_Helper cells recognize what is foreign and release interleukin-1 to get T_Cytotoxic cells to clone themselves and attack.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 68

Which disorder is not a type of cancer?

A) Elephantiasis
B) Hodgkin lymphoma
C) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
D) Multiple myeloma

Question 69

What lymphatic disorder is characterized by a hypersensitivity to a foreign antigen?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Elephantiasis
C) Allergies
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 70

Which diagnostic exam can indicate whether there are abnormal cells in the bone marrow?

A) Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
B) Lumbar puncture
C) X-ray
D) Lymph node biopsy

Question 71

Mary got the chicken pox from her little brother when she was 6.She will most likely not contract this disease again.What type of immunity is described in this scenario?

A) Natural active immunity
B) Natural passive immunity
C) Artificial active immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity

Question 72

Which of the following is true about the effects of aging on the lymphatic system?

A) B cells production will decrease.
B) T cells production will decrease.
C) The hypersensitivity response will increase causing allergies to become worse.
D) T cells production will increase.

Question 73

What can the results of a white blood cell differential test indicate?

A) Abnormal white blood cells in the cerebral spinal fluid.
B) The presence of abnormal cells in the lymph nodes.
C) The presences of abnormal cells in bone marrow.
D) Abnormal percentage of basophils.

Question 74

Rheumatoid arthritis,Graves' disease,and myasthenia gravis all are examples of what kind of lymphatic disorder?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Autoimmune
C) Allergies
D) HIV/AIDS

Question 75

What term is used to indicate the immunity was acquired through someone or something else?

A) Passive
B) Active
C) Natural
D) Artificial

Question 76

What causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?

A) Lymphadenitis
B) Elephantiasis
C) Allergies
D) HIV

Question 77

Which type of T cell is affected by HIV?

A) T _Cytotoxic cells
B) T _Helper cells
C) T _Memory cells
D) T _Regulatory cells

Question 78

Beth was hiking the mountains and got bitten by a rattlesnake.When she arrived at the hospital,she was given anti-venom to combat the snake bite.What type of immunity will Beth develop from the anti-venom?

A) Natural active immunity
B) Natural passive immunity
C) Artificial active immunity
D) Artificial passive immunity