Deck 7: The Nervous System

Question 1

Which of the following combining forms means medulla?

A) mening/o
B) medull/o
C) myel/o
D) neur/o

Answer 1

B
Explanation: The combining form medull/o means medulla.

Question 2

Which part of the neuron carries the nerve impulse?

A) Dendrites
B) Body
C) Axon
D) Synaptic knob

Answer 2

C
Explanation: A neuron has three basic parts: one or more dendrites that receive information; a body containing the nucleus and organelles for protein synthesis; and an axon that carries the nerve impulse along its length to the synaptic knobs at the end of the neuron.

Question 3

Which part of the PNS prepares the body for physical activity or fight or flight?

A) Parasympathetic
B) Autonomic
C) Somatomotor
D) Sympathetic

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The sympathetic division sends electrical messages to prepare the body for physical activity, often referred to as fight or flight.

Question 4

Which of the following combining forms means ganglion?

A) mening/o
B) gangli/o
C) gli/o
D) neur/o

Question 5

What is at the end of each axon?

A) Terminal arborization
B) Myelin sheath
C) Axon hillock
D) Synaptic knob

Question 6

What part of the axon is called the trigger zone?

A) Terminal arborization
B) Myelin sheath
C) Axon hillock
D) Synaptic knob

Question 7

Which part of the neuron receives information?

A) Dendrites
B) Body
C) Axon
D) Synaptic knob

Question 8

All of the following are a part of the central nervous system except which one?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus

Question 9

Which statement compares sensory and motor neurons?

A) Sensory neurons carry afferent or incoming messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry efferent or outgoing messages away from the brain.
B) Sensory neurons carry afferent or outgoing messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry efferent or incoming messages away from the brain.
C) Sensory neurons carry efferent or incoming messages to the brain, while motor neurons carry afferent or outgoing messages away from the brain.
D) Motor neurons carry afferent or incoming messages to the brain, while sensory neurons carry efferent or outgoing messages away from the brain.

Question 10

What insulates the axon?

A) Terminal arborization
B) Myelin sheath
C) Node of Ranvier
D) Synaptic knob

Question 11

Which of the following combining forms means tough?

A) cephal/o
B) cerebell/o
C) cerebr/o
D) dur/o

Question 12

Which of the following statements correctly describes white matter and gray matter?

A) Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and white matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites.
B) White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of unmyelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites.
C) White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated dendrites.
D) White matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of myelinated axons and gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is a concentration of dendrites.

Question 13

Which type of neuron has one process that serves as the dendrite and axon?

A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar

Question 14

Which of the following combining forms means spinal cord?

A) mening/o
B) medull/o
C) myel/o
D) neur/o

Question 15

All of the following combining forms refer to a part of the brain except which one?

A) medull/o
B) cerebell/o
C) cerebr/o
D) encephal/o

Question 16

Which of the following combining forms refer to the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord?

A) mening/o
B) gangli/o
C) gli/o
D) neur/o

Question 17

Which type of neurons group together to form ganglia?

A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar

Question 18

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

A) Sensory and motor
B) Afferent and efferent
C) Central and peripheral
D) Parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 19

Which of the following combining forms means head?

A) cephal/o
B) cerebell/o
C) cerebr/o
D) dur/o

Question 20

Which of the following is not a part of the PNS?

A) Parasympathetic
B) Autonomic
C) Diencephalon
D) Sympathetic

Question 21

The brain can be divided into what four subdivisions?

A) Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
B) Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
C) Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation
D) Neither of these answers is correct

Question 22

Which of the following types of neurons have sensory functions?

A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar and multipolar
C) Bipolar and multipolar
D) Unipolar and bipolar

Question 23

All of the following neuroglial cells are found in the CNS except which one?

A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Astrocyte
C) Schwann cells
D) Microglia

Question 24

Which type of neuron is found in the nasal cavity,retina and inner ear?

A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar

Question 25

What are the two major components of the diencephalon?

A) Cerebrum and brainstem
B) Frontal lobe and parietal lobe
C) Medulla oblongata and pons
D) Thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 26

Which two types of neuroglial cells produce myelin?

A) Oligodendrocytes and astrocytes
B) Ependymal cells and schwann cells
C) Oligodendrocytes and schwann cells
D) Microglia and satellite cells

Question 27

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for general senses like touch?

A) Frontal
B) Temporal
C) Occipital
D) Parietal

Question 28

What is the function of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum?

A) Hearing
B) Smell
C) Vision
D) Touch

Question 29

What is the function of CSF?

A) Cushion the brain from impact
B) Provide buoyancy so the brain is not damaged by the bony floor of the skull
C) Rinse the brain and spinal cord of metabolic waste
D) All of these are functions of the CSF

Question 30

The cerebrum is divided into what four major lobes?

A) Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
B) Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
C) Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation
D) Neither of these answers is correct

Question 31

All of the following are types of neurons except which one?

A) Multipolar
B) Unipolar
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar

Question 32

The subarachnoid space is between what two meninges?

A) Dura mater and arachnoid mater
B) Pia mater and dura mater
C) Dura mater and pia mater
D) Arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 33

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing?

A) Frontal
B) Temporal
C) Occipital
D) Parietal

Question 34

Which type of neuroglial cell functions to form the blood-brain barrier?

A) Oligodendrocyte
B) Astrocyte
C) Satellite cells
D) Microglia

Question 35

CSF circulates between the ventricles and what?

A) Subarachnoid space
B) Epidural space
C) Choroid plexus
D) Meninges

Question 36

What are the folds on the cerebrum that allow for extra surface area?

A) Sulci
B) Gyri
C) Corpus callosum
D) Cortex

Question 37

What is the function of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

A) Sense of smell
B) Motivation
C) Aggression
D) All of these are correct

Question 38

Between the vertebrae and what layer of meninges is the epidural space?

A) Dura mater
B) Pia mater
C) Arachnoid mater
D) Neither of these

Question 39

Which of the following list the three meninges in the correct order from the most superficial layer to the deepest layer?

A) Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
B) Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
C) Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
D) Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Question 40

Which of the following meninges is the layer closest to the brain and spinal cord?

A) Dura mater
B) Pia mater
C) Arachnoid mater
D) Neither of these

Question 41

The cauda equina extends from which vertebrae?

A) L-1 to S-5
B) L-1 to S-1
C) L-5 to S-5
D) L-5 to S-1

Question 42

What is the function of the midbrain of the brainstem?

A) To direct sensory messages to the thalamus
B) Visual attentiveness
C) Auditory attentiveness
D) All of these are functions of the midbrain.

Question 43

Which of the following cranial nerves functions as a sensory nerve for taste?

A) Trigeminal
B) Abducens
C) Facial
D) Glossopharyngeal

Question 44

All of the following are functions of the hypothalamus except which one?

A) Temperature regulation
B) Sexual development
C) Autonomic functions
D) All of these are functions of the hypothalamus.

Question 45

What surrounds the bundles of axons?

A) Endoneurium
B) Perineurium
C) Epineurium
D) Neither of these answers is correct.

Question 46

Which statement about the ganglion is true?

A) A ganglion is a group of cell bodies in the bipolar neurons.
B) A ganglion is found in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves.
C) A ganglion is a group of dendrites that create a bulge in the spinal nerve.
D) A ganglion is associated with spinal nerves that carry efferent messages.

Question 47

White matter of the spinal cord is composed of what?

A) Unmyelinated neurons
B) Myelinated neurons arranged in columns
C) Dendrites
D) Cell bodies

Question 48

Which part of the brainstem serves as a bridge for motor tract to the cerebellum?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Reticular formation
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 49

How many spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord between vertebrae?

A) 12
B) 30
C) 31
D) 14

Question 50

The brainstem is composed of what four parts?

A) Cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum
B) Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
C) Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular formation
D) Neither of these answers is correct

Question 51

All of the following are functions of the cerebellum except which one?

A) Maintain coordination.
B) Fine tunes efferent skeletal muscle messages to coordinate position, balance and movement.
C) Receives sensory messages concerning the position of limbs, muscle and joints.
D) All of these are functions of the cerebellum.

Question 52

Which of the following does not represent the correct number of spinal nerves?

A) C1-8
B) T1-12
C) L1-6
D) S1-5

Question 53

What is gray matter of the spinal cord composed of?

A) Dendrites
B) Cell bodies
C) Short unmyelinated neurons
D) All of these make up the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Question 54

What is a function of the abducens nerve?

A) Motor for eye movement
B) Sensory for pain
C) Motor for trapezius
D) Motor for tongue

Question 55

All of the following cranial nerves have both motor and sensory functions except which one?

A) Trigeminal
B) Abducens
C) Facial
D) Glossopharyngeal

Question 56

What is a function of cranial nerve five?

A) Sensory for smell
B) Sensory for pain
C) Sensory for vision
D) Sensory for taste

Question 57

Which statement about spinal nerves is incorrect?

A) Each spinal nerve splits into two roots as it approaches the spinal cord.
B) The ventral roots contain ganglion and the dorsal roots do not.
C) The dorsal root carries sensory messages.
D) The ventral root carries efferent messages.

Question 58

Which part of the brainstem is important for arousal as it determines whether sensory messages will be consciously noticed?

A) Pons
B) Midbrain
C) Reticular formation
D) Medulla oblongata

Question 59

Which statement regarding dorsal and ventral roots is correct?

A) Dorsal roots carry afferent messages, while ventral roots carry efferent messages.
B) Dorsal roots carry efferent messages, while ventral roots carry afferent messages.
C) Dorsal roots carry motor messages, while ventral roots carry sensory messages.
D) Dorsal roots carry sensory messages, while ventral roots carry afferent messages.

Question 60

What is the function of the endoneurium?

A) Surround the bundle of axons
B) Surround the axon of an individual neuron
C) Surround the nerve
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 61

Which statement is true about sodium during resting membrane potential?

A) Sodium is located on the outside of the neuron membrane.
B) Sodium in located on the inside of the neuron membrane.
C) Sodium can move freely across the neuron cell membrane.
D) Sodium crosses the membrane using active transport.

Question 62

What allows the action potential to travel quickly?

A) Polarization
B) Myelination of the axon
C) Nodes of Ranvier
D) Trigger zone

Question 63

What is a local potential?

A) The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the axon of a neuron
B) The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the dendrite of a neuron
C) The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the cell body of a neuron
D) Neither of these is correct.

Question 64

What is the responsibility of the sodium/potassium pump?

A) Reestablish and maintain resting membrane potential.
B) Pump sodium out of the cell using active transport.
C) Prepare the neuron for another nerve impulse.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 65

Which of the following is true regarding the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) Prepares the body for fight or flight
B) Dilates blood vessels
C) Carries messages for everyday body maintenance functions
D) Decreases blood flow to digestive organs

Question 66

Which answer choice lists the correct order of a reflex arc?

A) Receptor, efferent neuron, integrating center, afferent neuron, effector
B) Receptor, afferent neuron, integrating center, efferent neuron, effector
C) Effector, afferent neuron, integrating center, efferent neuron, receptor
D) Receptor, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, effector, integrating center

Question 67

In a reflex arc,what has the action potential carrying the signal to the CNS?

A) Receptor
B) Effector
C) Afferent neuron
D) Efferent neuron

Question 68

During resting membrane potential,what is true about the neuron membrane?

A) The membrane is polarized.
B) The outside of the membrane is positive.
C) The inside of the membrane is negative.
D) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 69

In a reflex arc,what is the receptor?

A) Either the brain or spinal cord where the signal is received from the afferent neuron and conducted to a motor neuron.
B) The structure causing the effect
C) The dendrite of a neuron receiving the stimulus
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 70

Which statement about reflexes is true?

A) A reflex is involuntary.
B) A reflex is a motor response.
C) A reflex has a fast response.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 71

Which statement is true regarding the anatomy of the nerves in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A) Post ganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with preganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate.
B) Preganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with post ganglionic neurons in ganglia far from to the structure they stimulate.
C) Preganglionic neurons come off the lumbar and sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with post ganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate.
D) Preganglionic neurons come off the brain and the sacral region of the spinal cord, and synapse with post ganglionic neurons in ganglia close to the structure they stimulate.

Question 72

What is an action potential?

A) The flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in one direction
B) The flow of electricity begun by stimulating the axon of a neuron
C) The flow of electricity along an axon of a neuron in multiple directions
D) The flow of electricity along a dendrite of a neuron in one direction

Question 73

Which term refers to the ability of a local potential to cause a neuron to send a signal?

A) Graded
B) Decrimental
C) Excitatory
D) Inhibitory

Question 74

Which term refers to the ability of a local potential to prevent a neuron from sending a signal?

A) Graded
B) Decrimental
C) Excitatory
D) Inhibitory

Question 75

Which of the following is false regarding the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A) Prepares the body for fight or flight
B) Dilates blood vessels
C) Signals the heart to beat slower
D) Decrease blood flow to digestive organs

Question 76

Which statement comparing action potential and local potential is false?

A) Action potentials are graded and local potentials are not.
B) Action potentials are not graded and local potentials are.
C) Action potentials are not decrimental and local potentials are.
D) Action potentials are not reversible and local potentials are.

Question 77

Which statement is true about potassium during resting membrane potential?

A) Potassium is on the outside of the neuron cell membrane.
B) Potassium can freely cross the neuron cell membrane.
C) Potassium is attracted to positive ions on the inside of the cell.
D) Potassium must have an open channel to cross the neuron membrane using active transport.

Question 78

Which term refers to the fact that the amount of stimulation determines how much sodium enters the cell?

A) Graded
B) Decrimental
C) Excitatory
D) Inhibitory

Question 79

Which statement is true regarding the anatomy of the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system?

A) A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the thoracic and lumbar regions and synapses with the post ganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just outside the vertebral column.
B) A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the cervical region and synapses with the post ganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just outside the vertebral column.
C) A short preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the thoracic and lumbar regions and synapses with the post ganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just inside the vertebral column.
D) A long preganglionic neuron leaves the spinal cord from the lumbar and sacral regions and synapses with the post ganglionic neuron at the sympathetic chain of ganglia just inside the vertebral column.

Question 80

The autonomic nervous system carries what kind of messages?

A) Efferent
B) Afferent
C) Sensory
D) Voluntary