Deck 6: The Muscular System

Question 1

What is the term for muscles that have opposite actions?

A) Fixators
B) Synergists
C) Prime movers
D) Antagonists

Answer 1

D
Explanation: A fixator is a muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle. Synergists are muscles that have the same action. A prime mover is the main muscle of the synergists to perform the action. An antagonist is a muscle that has an opposite action.

Question 2

Which of the following combining forms means muscle?

A) myo/o
B) myco/o
C) sacr/o
D) sthen/o

Answer 2

A
Explanation: The combining form myo/o means muscle.

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Intrinsic
D) Extrinsic

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The origin is the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts. Insertion is the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts. An intrinsic muscle is a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region. An extrinsic muscle is a muscle that has an origin located in a different body region than its insertion.

Question 4

Which term describes bending a body part posteriorly?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction

Question 5

What is a synergist?

A) A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
B) A Muscle that has the same action
C) The main muscle of the synergist to perform the action
D) A muscle that has the opposite action

Question 6

What does the term extrinsic refer to in regards to muscle?

A) Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.
B) Extrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.
C) Extrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts.
D) Extrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts.

Question 7

What is a fixator?

A) A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
B) A Muscle that has the same action
C) The main muscle of the synergist to perform the action
D) A muscle that has the opposite action

Question 8

Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that has an origin located in a different body region than its insertion?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Intrinsic
D) Extrinsic

Question 9

Which term describes bending a body part anteriorly?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction

Question 10

What does the term intrinsic refer to in regards to muscle?

A) Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region.
B) Intrinsic describes a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in different body regions.
C) Intrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts.
D) Intrinsic describes the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts.

Question 11

What is the term for the main muscle of the synergist to perform the action?

A) Fixator
B) Synergist
C) Prime mover
D) Antagonist

Question 12

What is the term for muscles that have the same action?

A) Fixators
B) Synergists
C) Prime movers
D) Antagonists

Question 13

What is a prime mover?

A) A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
B) A Muscle that has the same action
C) The main muscle of the synergist to perform the action
D) A muscle that has the opposite action

Question 14

Which of the following combining forms means strength?

A) myo/o
B) muscul/o
C) sacr/o
D) sthen/o

Question 15

Which of the following terms refers to a muscle that has an origin and insertion located in the same body region?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Intrinsic
D) Extrinsic

Question 16

What is an antagonist?

A) A muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle
B) A Muscle that has the same action
C) The main muscle of the synergist to perform the action
D) A muscle that has the opposite action

Question 17

What is the term for a muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle?

A) Fixator
B) Synergist
C) Prime mover
D) Antagonist

Question 18

Which of the following combining forms means flesh?

A) myo/o
B) muscul/o
C) sacr/o
D) sthen/o

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to the attachment of a muscle to the bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts?

A) Insertion
B) Origin
C) Intrinsic
D) Extrinsic

Question 20

Which term describes taking a body part away from the midline?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction

Question 21

If a person brings the soles of his or her feet together so they are facing each other,what muscle action is he or she performing?

A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantar flexion
C) Inversion
D) Eversion

Question 22

A person bringing part of the body forward is performing which muscle action?

A) Protraction
B) Retraction
C) Lateral excursion
D) Medial excursion

Question 23

What muscle action means to raise the shoulders or close the jaw?

A) Opposition
B) Reposition
C) Elevation
D) Depression

Question 24

A person moving their jaw to the side is performing what muscle action?

A) Protraction
B) Retraction
C) Lateral excursion
D) Medial excursion

Question 25

If a person stands on his or her heels with their toes pointing up,what muscle action is he or she performing?

A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantar flexion
C) Inversion
D) Eversion

Question 26

A person bringing part of the body backward is performing which muscle action?

A) Protraction
B) Retraction
C) Lateral excursion
D) Medial excursion

Question 27

Which term describes bringing a body part toward the midline?

A) Flexion
B) Extension
C) Abduction
D) Adduction

Question 28

What muscle action means to lower the shoulders or open the jaw?

A) Opposition
B) Reposition
C) Elevation
D) Depression

Question 29

If you pour soup from your hand by holding the bowl in your palm and turning it upside down,what muscle action are you performing?

A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation

Question 30

A hitchhiker is doing what muscle action with his thumb?

A) Opposition
B) Reposition
C) Elevation
D) Depression

Question 31

What muscle action means to make a circle with part of the body?

A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation

Question 32

If a person points the soles of his or her feet away from each other,what muscle action is he or she performing?

A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantar flexion
C) Inversion
D) Eversion

Question 33

What muscle action means to bring the thumb to the palm?

A) Opposition
B) Reposition
C) Elevation
D) Depression

Question 34

A person doing jumping jacks is performing which set of muscle action?

A) Extension and flexion
B) Abduction and adduction
C) Protraction and retraction
D) Inversion and eversion

Question 35

All of the following are muscles of the back and buttocks except which one?

A) Deltoid
B) Trapezius
C) Erector spinae
D) Gluteus medius

Question 36

What muscle action means to spin on an axis?

A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation

Question 37

All of the following are muscles of the head and neck except which one?

A) Orbicularis oris
B) Occipitalis
C) Pectoralis major
D) Buccinator

Question 38

All of the following are muscles of the thorax and abdomen except which one?

A) Orbicularis oris
B) Diaphragm
C) Pectoralis major
D) Rectus abdominus

Question 39

If a person stands on his or her tiptoes with their heels off the floor,what muscle action is he or she performing?

A) Dorsiflexion
B) Plantar flexion
C) Inversion
D) Eversion

Question 40

If you can hold soup in the palm of your hand without spilling it,what muscle action are you performing?

A) Rotation
B) Circumduction
C) Supination
D) Pronation

Question 41

Which group of muscles below are antagonists?

A) Frontalis and occipitalis
B) Buccinator and sternocleidomastoid
C) Temporalis and masseter
D) Masseter and platysma

Question 42

Which of the following muscles inserts on the metacarpals and the carpals?

A) Extensor carpi radialis
B) Extensor carpi ulnaris
C) Flexor carpi radialis
D) Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 43

What is the function of the sartorius?

A) Flex the knee and flex the hip.
B) Flex the knee and adduct the hip.
C) Extend the knee and flex the hip.
D) Extend the knee.

Question 44

All of the following muscles have an origin on the humerus except which one?

A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
C) Brachialis
D) Brachioradialis

Question 45

Which of the following muscles has an insertion on the mandible?

A) Temporalis
B) Masseter
C) Platysma
D) All of these muscles insert on the mandible.

Question 46

Which of the following extends and laterally rotates the hip?

A) Trapezius
B) Latissimus dorsi
C) Gluteus maximus
D) Gluteus medius

Question 47

Which answer choice lists the layers of the abdominal wall from most superficial to deepest?

A) Transverse abdominus, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique
B) Internal abdominal oblique, external abdominal oblique, transverse abdominus
C) Internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdominus, external abdominal oblique
D) External abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transverse abdominus

Question 48

The gracilis,adductor longus,and pectineus are synergists that perform what function?

A) Hip extension
B) Hip flexion
C) Hip adduction
D) Hip abduction

Question 49

All of the following muscles flex the elbow except which one?

A) Biceps brachii
B) Triceps brachii
C) Brachialis
D) Brachioradialis

Question 50

Which group of muscles below are synergists?

A) Frontalis and occipitalis
B) Buccinator and sternocleidomastoid
C) Temporalis and masseter
D) Masseter and platysma

Question 51

What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

A) Skin of the forehead
B) Epicranial aponeurosis
C) Temporal bone
D) Medial eye orbit

Question 52

Which of the following muscles functions to close the eye?

A) Gracilis
B) Brachialis
C) Orbicularis oculi
D) Soleus

Question 53

All of the following have an origin on a part of the ribs except which one?

A) Pectoralis major
B) Serratus anterior
C) Diaphragm
D) External abdominal oblique

Question 54

All of the following are muscles of the thigh or leg except which one?

A) Gracilis
B) Brachialis
C) Satorius
D) Soleus

Question 55

What is the insertion of the pectoralis major?

A) Scapula
B) Humerus
C) Ribs
D) Pubis

Question 56

All of the following are muscles of the arm or forearm except which one?

A) Deltoid
B) Brachialis
C) Erector spinae
D) Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 57

What is the function of the rectus abdominus?

A) Compress the thoracic cavity
B) Compress the abdomen
C) Flex the spine
D) Rotate the waist

Question 58

All of the following muscles originate on the femur except which one?

A) Rectus femoris
B) Vastus lateralis
C) Vastus medialis
D) Vastus intermedius

Question 59

In the forearm,all flexors originate where?

A) At the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
B) At the medial epicondyle of the femur
C) At the medial epicondyle of the humerus
D) At the lateral epicondyle of the femur

Question 60

All of the following muscles make up the hamstring except which one?

A) Biceps femoris
B) Semitendinosus
C) Semimembranosus
D) Gracilis

Question 61

Z-lines form the ends of what structure?

A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Sarcomere
D) Myofibril

Question 62

A stimulated muscle cell signals the release of what chemical from the synaptic knob?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Actin
C) Myosin
D) Tropomyosin

Question 63

Which term describes the ability of a muscle cell to shorten with force?

A) Excitability
B) Extensibility
C) Contractility
D) Elasticity

Question 64

Which muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

A) Gastrocnemius
B) Soleus
C) Peroneus
D) Tibialis anterior

Question 65

What is a power stroke?

A) The electrical impulse that travels down the nerve cell to stimulate the muscle cell
B) The grabbing hold of the actin active sites by myosin
C) Myosin pulling on actin to draw Z-lines toward the center, shortening the sarcomere
D) The binding of ATP to myosin.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about sarcomeres is false?

A) Sarcomeres are made of thick and thin myofilaments.
B) Only thick myofilaments attach to Z-lines.
C) Thin myofilaments are composed of actin, tropomyosin and troponin.
D) Thick myofilaments are composed of myosin.

Question 67

Which phase of a contraction is calcium actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A) Latent phase
B) Contraction phase
C) Relaxation phase
D) Refractory phase

Question 68

Which statement about a muscle's response to nerve stimulation is true?

A) A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is all or nothing.
B) A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is based on the threshold amount of acetylcholine fitting into receptors.
C) A muscle's response to nerve stimulation is ultimately responsible for conductivity and contractility.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 69

Which of the following describes an event that occurs in the latent phase of a muscle contraction?

A) Acetylcholine is released and fits into the receptors on the muscle cell.
B) The muscle goes back to shape because it is elastic.
C) Calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the muscle produces acetylcholinesterase to remove the acetylcholine from the receptors.
D) The muscle cell shortens.

Question 70

What term below describes a sustained muscle contraction?

A) Tetany
B) Tetanus
C) Twitch
D) Tetani

Question 71

Which statement correctly compares isotonic and isometric contractions?

A) Isotonic contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in no movement, while isometric contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in movement.
B) Isometric contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in movement, while isotonic contractions involve increased tension in the muscle resulting in no movement results.
C) Isotonic contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in movement, while isometric contractions involve increased tension in the muscle resulting in no movement results.
D) Isotonic contractions involve increased tension in the muscle that results in movement while isometric contractions involve decreased tension in the muscle resulting in no movement.

Question 72

What is a motor unit?

A) Involvement of multiple muscles for one movement
B) A single nerve cell and all the muscle cells it stimulates
C) A single nerve cell
D) Hundreds of nerve endings stimulating a group of muscles

Question 73

The muscle cell membrane is called what?

A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Sarcomere
D) Myofibril

Question 74

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the fascicle?

A) Fascia
B) Epimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Perimysium

Question 75

What is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle?

A) Fascia
B) Epimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Perimysium

Question 76

What theory of muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere?

A) Cross-bridge theory
B) Power stroke theory
C) Sliding filament theory
D) All or nothing theory

Question 77

The gastrocnemius and soleus perform what action?

A) Synergists for doriflexion
B) Synergists for plantar flexion
C) Antagonists for plantar flexion
D) Eversion of the foot

Question 78

The muscle cell is composed of what?

A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) Sarcomere
D) Myofibril

Question 79

Which term describes the ability of a muscle cell to be stretched and return to its original shape?

A) Excitability
B) Extensibility
C) Contractility
D) Elasticity

Question 80

What is the connective tissue that surrounds several muscles of an area forming muscle compartments?

A) Fascia
B) Epimysium
C) Endomysium
D) Perimysium