Deck 16: Schools and Technology

Question 1

The Reggio Emilia approach stresses

A)individual problem solving.
B)rigid adherence to a standardized curriculum.
C)self-reliance rather than cooperation.
D)investigating topics as a group.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Haley is considering placing her daughter in a program in which children often explore topics in a group.Parent participation is essential,and cooperation is a theme.What program described in the textbook would meet her needs for her child?

A)Project Head Start
B)child-centred kindergarten
C)Reggio Emilia approach
D)Montessori approach

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is not a principle of the Reggio Emilia approach?

A)Children are encouraged to learn by investigating topics that interest them.
B)Children use a wide range of media and materials.
C)Children explore topics in groups rather than individually.
D)Parents are encouraged to help out, but parent participation is not required.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The ___________________________ approach is an educational program for young children that was developed in northern Italy.

A)Piagetian
B)Eriksonian
C)Reggio Emilia
D)Casa de Bambino

Question 5

The ___________________ approach emphasizes the child's active,cognitive construction of knowledge and understanding.

A)direct instruction
B)constructivist
C)cognitive instruction
D)indirect instruction

Question 6

The Montessori approach is a philosophy in which

A)the teacher acts as the director of learning.
B)the teacher decides on the classroom activities.
C)specific time periods are set aside for various activities.
D)children are given considerable freedom.

Question 7

One of the criticisms of the Montessori approach is that it

A)neglects children's social development.
B)is too expensive for most families.
C)cannot be continued in elementary school.
D)overemphasizes peer interaction.

Question 8

Which one of the following does not describe an excellent kindergarten program?

A)experimenting
B)exploring
C)restructuring
D)high academic standards

Question 9

Which of the following statements reflects developmentally appropriate practice?

A)Young children learn best through active hands-on teaching methods.
B)Children develop at varying rates and schools need to allow for these differences.
C)Schools should focus on improving children's social development as well as their cognitive development.
D)All of these.

Question 10

If you were a parent who wanted your child to be in the original Reggio Emilia school,your chances for getting your child admitted would be better if

A)you were a single parent.
B)your child had a disability.
C)you needed financial assistance.
D)All of these.

Question 11

Which does not belong?

A)child-centred kindergarten
B)concern for children's social and physical development
C)process valued over product
D)emphasis is on academic performance

Question 12

When studying farming,an elementary school teacher has students prepare reports on different farm animals,read labels on cereal boxes and identify substances that may have been grown on a farm,and take a field trip to a local grocery store to identify farm-related food items.This curriculum is best described as

A)back-to-the-basics.
B)promoting readiness"
C)constructivist.
D)remedial.

Question 13

In regard to the direct instruction approach,which of the following statements is not true?

A)It is teacher-centred.
B)The children master academic skills.
C)There are high expectations of children.
D)There is a minimum time spent on learning tasks.

Question 14

Which is not an argument against the direct instruction approach?

A)Children turn into passive learners.
B)Children are not challenged to think.
C)The direct instruction approach does not give enough attention to content.
D)The direct instruction approach does not lend itself to creativity.

Question 15

In the child-centred kindergarten,

A)what is learned, not how it is learned, is stressed.
B)listening, rather than speaking, is stressed.
C)little concern is paid to physical development.
D)play is extremely important in the child's total development.

Question 16

______________ approach is a teacher-centred approach that emphasizes teacher direction and control,mastery of academic skills by children,high expectations for students,and maximum time spent on learning tasks.

A)Indirect instruction
B)Direct instruction
C)Teacher-first
D)Academic Mastery

Question 17

Helen is a Montessori teacher.She acts as a

A)director of learning.
B)facilitator of learning.
C)referee between children.
D)peer helper.

Question 18

According to this chapter,what approach to early childhood education views young children as competent,encourages them to learn by investigating and exploring topics that interest them,and uses a wide range of stimulating media and materials?

A)Project Head Start
B)child-centred kindergarten
C)Reggio Emilia approach
D)Montessori approach

Question 19

What type of schooling is based on age appropriateness and individual appropriateness?

A)back-to-basics movement
B)comprehensive training
C)developmentally appropriate practice
D)open education approach

Question 20

A philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities and are allowed to move from one activity to another as they desire is called the ___________ approach.

A)Reggio Emilia
B)Montessori
C)open education
D)traditional curriculum

Question 21

Which is not a typical change encountered by a child making the transition from an elementary school to a middle school?

A)increased need to be responsible
B)increased concern about body image
C)decreased focus on achievement
D)decreased dependency on parents

Question 22

Joyce is dropping out of high school.The most likely reason for her doing so is

A)school related.
B)economic reasons.
C)peer pressure.
D)pregnancy or marriage.

Question 23

Mr.Tompkins visited a school in which direct teaching through abstract paper-and-pencil activities was presented to large groups of young children.This type of teaching is best considered

A)child-centred.
B)teacher-centred.
C)developmentally appropriate.
D)developmentally inappropriate.

Question 24

According to the NAEYC,which of the following is considered a developmentally inappropriate practice?

A)providing physical, social, cognitive, and emotional experiences
B)allowing children to select an activity from a list provided by a teacher
C)setting clear limits
D)measuring children's performance using standardized tests

Question 25

What example below is beneficial for improving interethnic relations?

A)sharing one's worries, successes, and failures
B)thinking of people as individuals rather than as a homogeneous cultural group
C)Both of these answers are correct.
D)Neither of these answers is correct.

Question 26

An example of ______________________ in the classroom would be when a teacher displays images of children in diverse ethnic and cultural groups,selects play materials and classroom activities that encourage cultural understanding,helps students resist stereotyping,and works with parents.

A)viewing the school
B)reducing bias
C)critically thinking
D)jigsaw learning

Question 27

Children with learning disabilities have

A)low IQs.
B)difficulty in specific academic areas.
C)a known organic cause for their problems.
D)unusual good memory or spatial abilities.

Question 28

As an elementary school sixth-grader,Nathan had a great deal of status.In addition to being president of the student council,he was one of the most physically large and athletically gifted students in the school.As a seventh-grader in a new middle school,Nathan now finds himself one of the youngest and least powerful individuals in the school.Nathan is experiencing the

A)back-to-basics movement.
B)bane of puberty.
C)top-dog phenomenon.
D)back-door phenomenon.

Question 29

To which of the following teachers' comments would you most likely respond,"That sounds like a developmentally appropriate practice"?

A)"I like to write highly structured lessons."
B)"I expect my class to take good notes and not ask a lot of questions."
C)"I seem to spend the majority of my day punishing children for speaking out of turn."
D)"I have created some lessons specifically designed to enhance my students' self-esteem."

Question 30

What special concern about children's early school experiences is emerging?

A)Elementary school does not allow enough time for play.
B)Elementary school relies exclusively on female authority figures.
C)Elementary school proceeds mainly on the basis of negative feedback.
D)Elementary school is too early to introduce computers.

Question 31

John is observing a classroom that is developmentally inappropriate.John observes that

A)the teacher uses highly structured, teacher-directed lessons almost exclusively.
B)children are able to select many of their own activities from a variety the teacher prepared.
C)children are provided many opportunities to develop negotiating skills.
D)the teacher enhances children's self-control by using positive guidance techniques.

Question 32

As compared to younger children in elementary school,older children would rate themselves as

A)less smart.
B)less good.
C)less hardworking.
D)All of these.

Question 33

Schools in low-income areas are more likely to encourage ______________,while schools in higher-income areas are more likely to work with children to improve ___________________.

A)thinking skills; rote learning
B)school attendance; physical checkups
C)rote learning; thinking skills
D)thinking skills; physical checkups

Question 34

Which of the following examples describes the child's development as integrated in terms of the curriculum that is covered?

A)Ms.Anhalt feels a strong need not to put the subject areas together.She feels the pressures to "cover the curriculum."
B)Mr.Myers believes it is best to stick with tightly scheduled, discrete time segments for each subject area.
C)Ms.Kraft knows that children advance their knowledge of reading and writing when they work on social studies projects, mathematical concepts through music, and physical education.
D)Mr.Lee believes that there is no room in the curriculum for play, especially in the primary grades.

Question 35

In a kindergarten class,children plant fast-growing seeds in small glass containers so they can observe root development.They measure the growth of seedlings and see what happens when one plant is raised in the dark.In a second classroom,a teacher reads about plants from a textbook.The first classroom provides an example of

A)mainstreaming.
B)a close-ended education.
C)back-to-basics education.
D)developmentally appropriate practice.

Question 36

What ethnic group has the highest high-school dropout rate?

A)Caucasian
B)Asian
C)Aboriginal
D)Quebecois

Question 37

Which of the following statements is not a good strategy for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students?

A)Turn the class into a jigsaw classroom.
B)Use technology to foster cooperation with students from around the world.
C)Encourage students to have positive personal contact with diverse other students.
D)Decrease the perspective taking and support negative thinking.

Question 38

Which of the following is a component of a developmentally appropriate practice?

A)The teacher directs all activity, deciding what children will do and when.
B)Children work individually at desks most of the time and listen to the teacher's directions to the group.
C)The teacher spends considerable time enforcing rules.
D)Children are expected to be mentally and physically active.

Question 39

What is an example of a teacher being a competent cultural mediator?

A)being sensitive to racist content in materials and classroom interactions
B)learning more about different ethnic groups
C)Both answers are correct.
D)Neither answer is correct.

Question 40

A growing number of early school specialists are becoming concerned about

A)the physical trauma caused by mandatory "recess" and "playtime."
B)whether members of ethnic minorities should enter school at the same age as white children.
C)the number of male elementary teachers and their negative impact on female students.
D)the negative impact on self-esteem that is commonly experienced during the latter part of elementary school.

Question 41

The fact that Montel,like many others,has both high personal standards concerning achievement and is highly competitive illustrates the point that achievement

A)is more important in males.
B)is typically affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
C)is a fairly useless psychological construct.
D)varies dramatically by age.

Question 42

When Sasha says,"I don't really like college,but my dad said that he would buy me a new car if I graduate," she is indicating that her academic performance is

A)intrinsically motivated.
B)developmentally appropriate.
C)extrinsically motivated.
D)mainstreamed.

Question 43

____________________________ is a category that is reserved for individuals who have a severe impairment in their ability to read and spell.

A)Dyslexia
B)Cognitive delay
C)Social anxiety
D)None of these.

Question 44

Autism spectrum disorders would involve

A)communication problems.
B)social problems.
C)repetitive behaviours.
D)All of these.

Question 45

The first signs of ADHD may be present in

A)infancy.
B)preschool years.
C)elementary years.
D)high-school years.

Question 46

Children with a learning disability often have difficulties in

A)handwriting.
B)spelling.
C)composition.
D)All of these.

Question 47

___________________________ is a stimulant,and for most individuals it speeds up the nervous system and behaviour.However,in many children with ADHD it has the opposite effect.

A)Activity drug
B)Caffeine
C)Ritalin
D)An antibiotic

Question 48

While at a dinner party,you overhear a conversation in which a mother is describing her hyperactive son.She says that the drug treatment they have him on is

A)aspirin.
B)Prozac.
C)Ritalin.
D)Valium.

Question 49

Definite causes of ADHD

A)are linked to the mother's age at the birth of the child.
B)are linked to the father's general health before conception of the child.
C)are linked to household toxins.
D)have not been found yet.

Question 50

__________________________ involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments.

A)Intrinsic motivation
B)Extrinsic motivation
C)Reward system
D)Self-determination method

Question 51

ADHD shows up more in

A)boys than girls.
B)girls than boys.
C)high-school children.
D)preschoolers.

Question 52

The writing of a child with a learning disability would most likely be all of the following,except

A)slow handwriting style.
B)virtually illegible.
C)numerous spelling errors.
D)All of these.

Question 53

Twelve-year-old Peter is excellent in math and is considered a good student in most other subject areas.Peter,however,has a very difficult time comprehending written text and is failing his reading class.Peter is best classified as

A)learning disabled.
B)emotionally disturbed.
C)mentally retarded.
D)normal.

Question 54

Recent estimates are that autism spectrum disorders affect 1 child in __________ individuals.

A)150
B)500
C)1000
D)2500

Question 55

Which of the following does not characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A)high levels of physical activity
B)low intelligence
C)distractibility
D)short attention span

Question 56

___________________________________ is a disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time: inattention,hyperactivity,and impulsivity.

A)Dyslexia
B)Down syndrome
C)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D)Both dyslexia and ADHD

Question 57

About ____________ as many boys as girls are diagnosed with learning disabilities.

A)half
B)twice
C)three times
D)four times

Question 58

Which of the following is not a characteristic of children with a learning disability?

A)have normal intelligence or above
B)have difficulties in at least one academic area
C)have difficulty that is not attributed to any other diagnosed problem
D)they all have low IQ scores

Question 59

Which is the most common problem of children with learning disabilities?

A)ADD
B)ADHD
C)dyslexia
D)mental retardation

Question 60

More boys than girls are classified as having a learning disability.An explanation could be referral bias.In this case,what is referral bias?

A)Teachers will refer more girls with inappropriate behaviour than boys when it comes to learning disabilities.
B)Teachers will refer more boys with inappropriate behaviour than girls when it comes to learning disabilities.
C)Teachers will refer both boys and girls equally when they have inappropriate behaviour.
D)None of these.

Question 61

Which is not a positive influence of television on children's development?

A)motivating educational programming
B)increasing information about the world that is beyond the immediate environment
C)models of prosocial behaviour
D)presenting unrealistic views of the world

Question 62

______________________ is the cognitive view people develop of themselves.

A)Atonement
B)Mindsets
C)Excuses
D)Plans

Question 63

_________ orientation involves being concerned with the achievement outcome; winning is what matters,and happiness is thought to result from winning.

A)Mastery orientation
B)Performance orientation
C)Self-efficacy orientation
D)None of these.

Question 64

Which statement indicates that Joe's desire to get a law degree and eventually become a judge is intrinsically motivated?

A)"If I become a famous judge, I'll get to be on television and make a lot of money."
B)"My mother always wanted one of her children to be a lawyer."
C)"I got the idea when I was watching the show, 'Judging Amy.'"
D)"I've always had a strong desire to be in the legal profession."

Question 65

As Anita steps to the free-throw line with the national women's collegiate basketball championship on the line,a lot of thoughts begin to run through her mind.Which thought best illustrates the concept of mastery motivation?

A)"Just remember to aim at the back of the rim, since that strategy worked on the last shot."
B)"I hope that my mom and dad are watching on television."
C)"I am going to miss, because I am a terrible foul shooter."
D)"When this shot goes in, people are going to love me."

Question 66

What students believe about the causes of their success or failure,influences

A)their motivation.
B)their performance.
C)both their motivation and their performance.
D)neither their motivation nor their performance.

Question 67

If 14-year-old Lucy plans next week's activities,she should also

A)plan at least two more years after that time.
B)monitor how well she is sticking to her plans for next week.
C)look ahead and not worry about the present.
D)plan at least two more years after that time, and look ahead and not worry about the present.

Question 68

Individuals with a ___________ orientation are task-oriented; instead of focusing on their ability,they are concerned about their learning strategies and the process of achievement rather than outcomes.

A)mastery
B)performance
C)self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Question 69

Why is there a shift toward extrinsic motivation as children move to higher grade levels?

A)School grading practices reinforce external motivation.
B)As students age, they lock into the increasing emphasis on grades and their internal motivation drops.
C)Both answers are correct.
D)Neither answer is correct.

Question 70

___________________ is based on internal factors such as self-determination,curiosity,challenge,and effort

A)Intrinsic motivation
B)Extrinsic motivation
C)Punishments and rewards method
D)Self-determination method

Question 71

In some situations,rewards actually

A)improve learning.
B)undermine learning.
C)can both improve and undermine learning.
D)None of these.

Question 72

Researchers have found that giving adolescents some choice and providing opportunities for personal responsibility increases their _______________ motivation and ____________ interest in school tasks.

A)external; extrinsic
B)external; intrinsic
C)internal; intrinsic
D)internal; extrinsic

Question 73

_______________________________ is the belief that one can master a situation and produce favourable outcomes.

A)Mastery orientation
B)Performance orientation
C)Self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Question 74

Joey is watching television,text messaging,and listening to his iPod.This activity is called

A)multitexting.
B)multimessaging.
C)multitasking.
D)multimedia.

Question 75

According to Bandura,rewards in the classroom may be used

A)as an incentive to engage in tasks, in which case the goal is to control the student's behaviour.
B)to convey information about mastery.
C)Both answers are correct.
D)Neither answer is correct.

Question 76

Researchers have found that two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances are

A)mastery orientation or a helpful orientation.
B)mastery motivation or a helpless orientation.
C)challenging orientation or a failure orientation.
D)None of these.

Question 77

In order to improve self-efficacy and achievement,one should set _________ goals.

A)specific
B)proximal
C)challenging
D)All of these.

Question 78

________________________,of the social cognitive theory,believes that self-efficacy is a critical factor in whether or not students achieve.

A)Jean Piaget
B)Albert Bandura
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Erik Erikson

Question 79

A student making the following statement is exhibiting _______________________: "I know that I will be able to make the basketball team and I expect to be able to do well at our first game."

A)attribution
B)instability
C)self-efficacy
D)None of these.

Question 80

When creative children were studied,what was the outcome of television viewing and creativity?

A)The children were extremely creative because they watched creativity on television all the time.
B)Television is negatively related to children's creativity.
C)The children go from point A of creativity to point B of creativity in leaps and bounds when watching television.
D)None of these.