Deck 15: Peers

Question 1

Maggie acts like herself in the company of others.She also communicates well with others and is generally happy.Based on this description you would expect that Maggie:

A)has permissive parents.
B)is popular with her friends.
C)has had a traumatic childhood.
D)is neglected by peers.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Peers are children of about the same:

A)IQ.
B)age or maturity level.
C)level of social isolation.
D)social status.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The key factor in predicting whether rejected children will engage in delinquent behaviour later is their:

A)impulsiveness.
B)disruptiveness.
C)aggressiveness.
D)self-confidence.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Dodge (2010)found that aggressive boys are more likely to perceive another child's actions as:

A)hostile when their intentions are ambiguous.
B)ambiguous when their intentions are hostile.
C)friendly when their intentions are hostile.
D)hostile when their intentions are hostile.

Question 5

_____ may serve a function of providing emotional support for girls who are striving to be perfect but know they are not.

A)Parents
B)Teachers
C)Male friends
D)Cliques of girls

Question 6

When you are informed that 8-year-old Gerald was named "most popular" by his classmates,you would least expect him to be identified as:

A)conceited.
B)talkative.
C)self-confident.
D)attentive.

Question 7

Peer influences:

A)can be either positive or negative.
B)are almost always positive.
C)are almost always negative.
D)rarely affect social development.

Question 8

Theorists and researchers argue that parent-child relationships serve as emotional bases for:

A)positive parental interactions.
B)optimal physical development.
C)enjoying peer relations.
D)conformity to teacher requests.

Question 9

Parent-child relationships:

A)generally have no effect on peer relations.
B)develop after peer relationships are cemented.
C)develop independently of peer relations.
D)serve as emotional bases for enjoying peer relations.

Question 10

Social isolation involves:

A)stereotypic "rocking" behaviour.
B)improved social interaction.
C)an inability to connect socially.
D)the active seeking-out of others.

Question 11

According to Dodge (1993),aggressive children are more likely than nonaggressive children to:

A)have friends.
B)perceive ambiguous behaviour as hostile.
C)be more introspective.
D)have no siblings.

Question 12

Which one of the following statements does not fit with the concept of peer relations?

A)Peer relations are more likely to occur on an equal basis.
B)Peer relations do not encourage children to formulate and assert their own opinions.
C)Peer relations encourage children to appreciate the perspective of peers.
D)Peer relations do not encourage children to hold back their ideas in terms of negotiating solutions.

Question 13

The major goal of programs designed to assist rejected children involves:

A)training them to imitate the behaviour of popular children.
B)teaching them to interact with peers without dominating situations.
C)teaching them to more accurately assess whether the intentions of their peers are negative.
D)assisting them with getting their needs met by adults rather than peers.

Question 14

Lyn Brown and Carol Gilligan conducted in-depth interviews of _____ to find out their views on friendships.

A)adolescent girls
B)adolescent boys
C)high-school girls
D)high-school boys

Question 15

Children who have _____ can modulate their emotional expressiveness in contexts that evoke intense emotions,as when a peer says something negative.

A)ineffective self-regulatory skills
B)effective self-regulatory skills
C)ineffective self-esteem
D)effective personal worth

Question 16

Peer relations begin to take on an important role in:

A)infancy.
B)early childhood.
C)middle childhood.
D)adolescence.

Question 17

At what age do children prefer same-sex playmates?

A)3 years of age
B)5 years of age
C)7 years of age
D)9 years of age

Question 18

Researchers have often found it is _____ to improve the social skills of adolescents who are actively disliked and rejected.

A)somewhat easy
B)very easy
C)impossible
D)difficult

Question 19

When Rudy enters a party,he begins to process the social information around him.According to Dodge (1993),the first step in this process would involve Rudy _____ the actions of individuals around him.

A)joining into
B)enacting
C)decoding social cues of
D)searching for a response to

Question 20

As a school counsellor aware of developmental research,you would likely predict a future of delinquent behaviour for the child who is _____ with peers.

A)rejected by and noninteractive
B)neglected by and noninteractive
C)rejected by and has a past history of aggression
D)neglected by and has a past history of aggression

Question 21

_____ is verbal or physical behaviour intended to disturb someone less powerful.

A)Educational training
B)Power
C)Bullying
D)Helping

Question 22

Eight-month-old Cole enjoys playing with a ball that makes noise and bounces.According to Piaget,Cole is engaging in _____ play.

A)sensorimotor
B)constructive
C)practice
D)pretend

Question 23

Erik Erikson viewed the purpose of play as:

A)practicing adult roles.
B)advancing cognitive development.
C)increasing exploration of the world.
D)providing a means to master anxieties and conflict.

Question 24

When Desmond is asked why he is shooting baskets,he says,"It is something that is just fun to do." His comment would indicate that Desmond considers basketball:

A)work.
B)play.
C)a sport.
D)a hobby.

Question 25

The Steps to Respect anti-bullying program consists of all of the following except:

A)establishing a school-wide approach, such as creating anti-bullying policies and specifying consequences for bullying.
B)training staff and parents to deal with bullying.
C)publicly shaming bullies by putting their pictures on school bulletin boards.
D)teaching students to recognize-not tolerate-and handle bullying.

Question 26

While watching a child play in a sandbox,who is most likely to think to herself,"By pouring sand back and forth between two different-sized buckets,the child is learning about conservation"?

A)A Piagetian
B)A Freudian
C)A behaviourist
D)A humanist

Question 27

If a child is bullied,he or she could be which of the following?

A)An aggressive victim
B)A passive victim
C)None of these
D)An aggressive or a passive victim

Question 28

The type of play that involves the repetition of behaviour when new skills are being learned is called _____ play.

A)social
B)pretend
C)practice
D)sensorimotor

Question 29

Play that involves interaction with peers is called _____ play.

A)social
B)pretend
C)practice
D)sensorimotor

Question 30

Bullies are a very troubled group.What might you expect in this group?

A)They display the highest level of conduct problems.
B)They display the highest level of school problems.
C)They display the highest level of relationship problems.
D)All of these.

Question 31

Who is likely to be bullied?

A)Girls in the lower grades
B)Boys in middle schools
C)Younger middle-school children
D)Both boys in middle schools and younger middle-school children

Question 32

The type of play that occurs when the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol is called _____ play.

A)sensorimotor
B)practice
C)pretense/symbolic
D)social

Question 33

Which types of play have been researched?

A)Constructive play
B)Practice play
C)Pretense/symbolic play
D)All of these

Question 34

According to Freud and Erikson,play:

A)helps children master anxieties and develop ways to cope with problems.
B)is overrated as a form of human adjustment.
C)hinders children's ability to focus on solving everyday problems.
D)does little to help children relieve tension, making it hard for them to cope with their frustrations.

Question 35

Which statement is a suggestion on how to reduce bullying? Teachers can:

A)get older peers to serve as monitors.
B)tell older peers not to intervene in any bullying.
C)form friendship groups for adolescents who are regularly bullied by peers.
D)have older peers serve as monitors and form friendship groups for adolescents who are bullied by their peers.

Question 36

_____ believed that play is an excellent setting for cognitive development.He was especially interested in the symbolic and make-believe aspects of play.

A)Freud
B)Vygotsky
C)Skinner
D)Erikson

Question 37

Three-year-old Joan spends hours each day jumping rope.What kind of play does this exemplify?

A)Sensorimotor
B)Constructive
C)Practice
D)Pretend

Question 38

Eight-year-old Mary seems to be very upset about something and the school psychologist believes there may be trouble in her home.In an effort to confirm his suspicion,the psychologist has Kay go to a room containing dolls,a toy kitchen,and other household items and "pretend to be a mommy taking care of her baby girl." This psychologist is using:

A)behaviour modification.
B)client-centred therapy.
C)a Piagetian approach.
D)play therapy.

Question 39

When 5-year-old Austin takes the cardboard cylinder found in the centre of a roll of toilet paper,looks through it,and says,"I'm a sailor searching for a whale," he is engaging in _____ play.

A)practice
B)symbolic
C)constructive
D)sensorimotor

Question 40

If Paul becomes a great hockey player as an adult,his father might reflect back on the hours of skating that Paul did as a child that served as a foundation of his current superior status.In doing so,Paul's father is noting the important role that _____ play has in developing sporting skills.

A)symbolic
B)pretend
C)practice
D)sensorimotor

Question 41

Who is best known for research on the importance of friendships?

A)Harry Stack Sullivan
B)Mary Ainsworth
C)Philip Zimbardo
D)Mildred Parten

Question 42

The most consistent finding in the last two decades of research on friendships is that one important feature of friendship is:

A)competition.
B)secrecy.
C)intimacy.
D)generativity.

Question 43

A great deal of peer conformity,such as dressing like one's friends and wanting to spend huge chunks of time with members of a clique,is _____ and reflects the desire to be _____.

A)negative; a victim
B)not necessarily negative; loner
C)not necessarily negative; involved in a peer world
D)negative; completely separate from parents

Question 44

Sixteen-year-old Joey dresses and acts a lot like the friends he hangs out with,even though they never directly ask him to do so.This behaviour is best explained by the concept of:

A)obedience.
B)symmetrical intimacy.
C)peer pressure.
D)self-disclosure.

Question 45

Concerning functions of friendship,which does not belong?

A)Stimulation
B)Affection
C)Ego support
D)Symbolic interaction

Question 46

Which is not an example of peer relations?

A)Talking on the telephone with a friend from the same grade level
B)Going to a dance with friends
C)Playing with a sibling
D)Meeting friends for a school activity

Question 47

Play that occurs when children engage in self-regulated creation is called _____ play.

A)pretend
B)practice
C)constructive
D)sensorimotor

Question 48

_____ is defined narrowly as self-disclosure or sharing of private thoughts and private or personal knowledge with a friend.

A)Similarity
B)Intimacy in friendship
C)Social comparison
D)Physical support

Question 49

Which of the following are elements that are associated with activities such as games?

A)Pleasurable, grounded in rules
B)Meant only for large groups
C)Sometimes competitive
D)Pleasurable, grounded in rules, and sometimes competitive

Question 50

When Mr.Alden's third-grade class writes a script for and reenacts "The First Thanksgiving Feast," which category of play are they engaging in?

A)Games
B)Practice
C)Symbolic
D)Constructive

Question 51

Children's friendships serve the function of providing resources and assistance,which Gottman and Parker (1987)call:

A)companionship.
B)stimulation.
C)physical support.
D)ego support.

Question 52

Parents have a legitimate concern that their child will engage in delinquent behaviour or early sexual behaviour if they associate with:

A)children with police records.
B)children from their place of employment.
C)mixed-age groups.
D)none of these

Question 53

Children's friendships serve the function of providing information about where children stand vis-à-vis others,which Gottman and Parker (1987)call:

A)ego support.
B)social comparison.
C)physical support.
D)stimulation.

Question 54

After what age are games not as interesting to children?

A)6 years of age
B)8 years of age
C)10 years of age
D)12 years of age

Question 55

_____ play is play that involves interaction with peers.This play increases dramatically during the preschool years.

A)Practice
B)Symbolic
C)Social
D)Constructive

Question 56

Children's friendships serve the purpose of helping children maintain an impression of themselves as competent and attractive,which Gottman and Parker (1987)call:

A)ego support.
B)companionship.
C)physical support.
D)social comparison.

Question 57

At what age does conformity to peers' antisocial behaviours peak?

A)First grade
B)Fourth to fifth grade
C)Sixth to seventh grade
D)Eighth to ninth grade

Question 58

Having children create a play about a social studies topic involves _____ play.

A)constructive
B)pretend
C)practice
D)sensorimotor

Question 59

There are certain predominant characteristics of friendship throughout the childhood and adolescent years.Which of the following is a characteristic?

A)Similar attitudes toward school
B)Similar education aspirations
C)Closely aligned achievement orientations
D)All of these

Question 60

Friendships in early adolescence are a significant predictor of self-worth:

A)in high school.
B)at the start of college.
C)in early adulthood.
D)in mid life.

Question 61

_____ are small groups that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5 to 6 individuals.

A)Peer groups
B)Gangs
C)Crowds
D)Cliques

Question 62

According to research by Connolly and McIsaac in 2009,who among the following would be considered to be in the most advanced adolescent social system?

A)Lori, who spends most of her time by herself
B)Victoria, who hangs around with a small clique of girls from her class
C)Kyra, who spends most of her time exclusively with her boyfriend
D)Megan, who spends most of her time on double dates with one of several other couples she and her boyfriend hang out with

Question 63

Peer influences are an important part of childhood development even with the positives and negatives involved.List the pros and cons of peer influences.

Question 64

Describe the difference between an early and a late bloomer.

Question 65

What purpose might dating provide?

A)Recreation
B)Status
C)Finding a mate
D)All of these

Question 66

Play therapy allows children to work off frustrations and is a medium through which therapists can analyze children's conflicts and ways of coping with them.Give a scenario to show the concept of play therapy.

Question 67

Who of the following would you expect to have the highest self-esteem?

A)The captain of the football team
B)A habitual marijuana user
C)The "class brain"
D)A "normal," middle-of-the-road student

Question 68

Identify the six functions of friendship and give one example of each.

Question 69

Describe the term "perspective taking" in early childhood,providing one example of this.

Question 70

How is an adolescent crowd different from an adolescent clique?

A)Crowds are smaller and more personally demanding.
B)Cliques are smaller and more intimate.
C)Crowds are larger and more cohesive.
D)Cliques are larger and more impersonal.

Question 71

What is the largest and least personal of adolescent groups?

A)Clique
B)Crowd
C)Gang
D)Peer group

Question 72

Which of the following 15-year-olds is the most likely to be poorly adjusted?

A)Sarah, who lost her virginity at age 13
B)Cecile, who is considering losing her virginity with her 16-year-old boyfriend
C)Jane, who has never had a boyfriend
D)Michelle, who has been dating her boyfriend for six months

Question 73

Compare and contrast friendships between boys and girls.

Question 74

Describe the difference between a clique and a crowd.

Question 75

Cliques and crowds assume more important roles in the lives of _____ than _____.

A)children; adolescents
B)adolescents; children
C)children; adults
D)adults; adolescents

Question 76

_____ are smaller,involve greater intimacy among members,and have more group cohesion than crowds.

A)Peer groups
B)Cliques
C)Non-peer groups
D)Classrooms groups

Question 77

Define and give one example of the types of play including sensorimotor,practice,pretense/symbolic,social,and constructive.

Question 78

The _____ is the largest and least personal of adolescent groups.

A)peer group
B)clique
C)non-peer group
D)crowd