Deck 12: One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance

Question 1

An important advantage of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA over the one-way between subjects ANOVA is the ability to partition variability due to _____ out of the F ratio.

A)random assignment
B)individual difference variables
C)confounding variables
D)all of these

Answer 1

individual difference variables

Question 2

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

What is the correct interpretation of the eta-squared?

A)There is a strong effect of the marijuana and this effect occurs immediately following inhalation of the marijuanA.
B)There is a strong effect of the marijuana,however we don't know the nature of the relationship.
C)There is only a weak effect of marijuana on time of maze completion.
D)There is a moderate effect of marijuana on time of maze completion.

Answer 2

There is a strong effect of the marijuana,however we don't know the nature of the relationship.

Question 3

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

In your ANOVA summary table,the ______ source reflects variability in maze completion time (the dependent variable.that is due to disturbance variables such as individual differences;the purpose of partitioning this source of variability is to ______.

A)IV;test your null hypothesis
B)Error;use it as the denominator in the F ratio
C)Across Subjects;use it as the denominator in the F ratio
D)Across Subjects;separate it from other sources of error

Answer 3

Across Subjects;separate it from other sources of error

Question 4

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:
What is the eta-squared (h2)for this data?

A).76
B).05
C).01
D).43

Question 5

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

What is the MS_Error?

A)3.62
B)16.62
C)4.59
D)139.81

Question 6

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a physical activity program in motivating people to engage in physical activity on a long term basis.This researcher tests her participants physical activity levels at four time points: pretest,posttest,six month follow-up,and one year follow-up.In this study the independent variable is _____ and the dependent variable is_____.

A)amount of physical activity;time of test/assessment
B)the pretest;the posttest and two follow-ups
C)time of test/assessment;amount of physical activity
D)motivation;time of test/assessment

Question 7

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of a physical activity program in motivating people to engage in physical activity on a long term basis.This researcher tests her participants physical activity levels at four time points: pretest,posttest,six month follow-up,and one year follow-up.Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate for the analysis of the data?

A)one-way repeated measures analysis of variance
B)two-way mixed model analysis of variance
C)correlated groups t test
D)independent groups t test

Question 8

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

This study represents a _____-subjects design.

A)within
B)between
C)across
D)random

Question 9

You carried out a study where you tested the effectiveness of a new therapy technique at reducing anxiety.You identified a group of high-anxiety individuals,and you measured their anxiety before therapy,immediately after therapy,and at two follow-up sessions 1 month and 2 months after the therapy is concluded.High scores on the anxiety measure are scaled to reflect relatively higher levels of anxiety.Here is the hypothetical data from SPSS output.

As an initial observation (that is,recognizing that significance tests have not been interpreted yet),what does the pattern of the means across the four measurement times suggest about the effectiveness of the new therapy technique?

A)The technique does seem to be reducing anxiety over time.
B)The technique is actually increasing anxiety over time.
C)The technique does not appear to be having any influence on anxiety over time.

Question 10

You carried out a study where you tested the effectiveness of a new therapy technique at reducing anxiety.You identified a group of high-anxiety individuals,and you measured their anxiety before therapy,immediately after therapy,and at two follow-up sessions 1 month and 2 months after the therapy is concluded.High scores on the anxiety measure are scaled to reflect relatively higher levels of anxiety.Here is the hypothetical data from SPSS output.

Which of the following phrases would NOT be an appropriate way of describing this design?

A)One-way repeated measures design.
B)One-way within-subjects design.
C)One-way between-subjects design.

Question 11

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

Based on the F ratio you just computed and the appropriate critical value (3.88),your decision would be to _______,suggesting that ______ a statistically significant effect of marijuana on the time it takes rats to complete the maze.

A)reject H₀;there is
B)reject H₀;there is not
C)not reject H₀;there is
D)not reject H₀;there is not

Question 12

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

What is the SS Total?

A)106.57
B)76.67
C)139.81
D)96.38

Question 13

In the one-way repeated measures ANOVA summary table,the _____ source reflects variability in the dependent variable that is due to individual differences.The purpose of partitioning this source of variability is to _____.

A)IV;test your null hypothesis
B)Across subjects;use it as the denominator in the F ratio
C)Error;use it as the denominator in the F ratio
D)Across subjects;exclude it from the denominator in the F ratio

Question 14

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

What is the value for the F ratio?

A)3.62
B)16.62
C)4.59
D)139.81

Question 15

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

What is the MS_IV?

A)3.62
B)16.62
C)4.59
D)139.81

Question 16

When sphericity is violated in a one-way within subjects ANOVA design,how do you proceed?

A)Explore other methods of analyzing the data besides ANOVA,because ANOVA won't work properly.
B)Interpret the Greenhouse-Geisser and/or Huynh-Feldt statistics,because they adjust for lack of sphericity.
C)Use a more liberal (i.e.,higher)alpha level to compensate for the violation.
D)Collect more data.

Question 17

A researcher conducts a study in which participants all rate each of four advertisements on emotionality (i.e.,how emotional was the content of the advertisement).Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate for the analysis of the data?

A)one-way repeated measures analysis of variance
B)two-way mixed model analysis of variance
C)correlated groups t test
D)independent groups t test

Question 18

A biopsychologist is interested in studying the effects of marijuana on cognitive skills by studying a group of 7 rats.He puts each rat in a maze and measures the time it takes the rat (in minutes)to find the cheese at the end of the maze.He then puts a mask on the rat and has it inhale marijuana smoke for 5 seconds.He then puts the rat back in the maze,and records its time to reach the cheese.Twenty minutes later he puts the rat back in the maze to test for lasting effects of the drug.The tables below summarize the data and part of the data analysis:

If you found the F ratio to equal exactly 1.00,what would this tell you?

A)The differences you observed were only due to sampling error
B)H₀ should be rejected
C)There are substantial differences among the group means
D)both a and b

Question 19

You carried out a study where you tested the effectiveness of a new therapy technique at reducing anxiety.You identified a group of high-anxiety individuals,and you measured their anxiety before therapy,immediately after therapy,and at two follow-up sessions 1 month and 2 months after the therapy is concluded.High scores on the anxiety measure are scaled to reflect relatively higher levels of anxiety.Here is the hypothetical data from SPSS output.

According to the main ANOVA analysis,how should the results be described (assume an alpha level of .05)?

A)The effect of the new therapy technique was statistically significant but its effect size was weak.
B)The effect of the new therapy technique was statistically significant and the effect size was strong.
C)The effect of the new therapy technique was not statistically significant,but the size of the effect suggests this may be due to low power.

Question 20

In a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with four levels of the IV,if you obtained a statistically significant F ratio,you would need to conduct the Tukey HSD test.How many pairs of comparisons would you need to make?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)6

Question 21

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the sum of squares IV?

A)139.73
B)71.33
C)68.40
D)2.40

Question 22

In a one-way repeated measures ANOVA,the total variability in the dependent variable can be partitioned into the _____ components.

A)SS_{ACROSS SUBJECTS},SS_IV,and SS_BETWEEN
B)SS_ERROR,SS_BETWEEN,and SS_IV
C)SS_IV, SS_ERROR,and SS_{ACROSS SUBJECTS}
D)SS_ERROR,SS_IV,and SS_WITHIN
E)SS_BETWEEN and SS_WITHIN

Question 23

When a _____ design is used,it is not possible to estimate the effects of disturbance variables due to individual differences.

A)within-subjects
B)between-subjects

Question 24

The variability component in a one-way repeated ANOVA that differentiates it from the between-subjects design is the ______.

A)sum of squares IV
B)sum of squares total
C)sum of squares subjects
D)sum of squares error

Question 25

The alternative hypothesis in a one-way repeated ANOVA is _____.

A)all the population means are equal
B)all the population means are not equal
C)some of the population means are equal
D)some of the population means are not equal

Question 26

One-way repeated measures analysis of variance is an extension of the:

A)correlated groups t test
B)independent groups t test
C)matched groups t test
D)none of these

Question 27

In a one-way repeated measures ANOVA,which of the following sums of squares reflects the influence of individual differences?

A)SS_BETWEEN
B)SS_ERROR
C)SS_{ACROSS SUBJECTS}
D)SS_WITHIN

Question 28

In the Applications to the Analysis of Social Problems section of Chapter 13,the Mauchly test was found to be significant,indicating

A)that the sphericity assumption was violated.
B)that the sphericity assumption may have been violated;however the Mauchly test is sensitive to nonnormality in the data.
C)that the sphericity assumption was not violated.
D)that the sphericity assumption may have been violated;however the Mauchly test is not sensitive to nonnormality in the data.

Question 29

Power tables are helpful to researchers in that,when the value of a population eta-squared and the desired power level is known they provide

A)the number of participants needed for an individual study.
B)the critical value needed for the Tukey HSD test.
C)the eta-squared that will be obtained in an individual study.
D)the number of participants needed to obtain a particular eta-squareD.

Question 30

In SPSS summary table provided for a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance,which of the following information is NOT provided?

A)Sum of Squares for the IV
B)Sum of Squares for the error term
C)Sum of Squares across subjects
D)Sum of Squares total

Question 31

The sum of squares IV is conceptually similar to the _____ in the between-subjects analysis of variance.

A)sum of squares within groups
B)sum of squares between groups
C)sum of squares total
D)sum of squares error

Question 32

A one-way repeated analysis of variance is not appropriate when ______.

A)the dependent variable is quantitative and on an approximately interval scale
B)the independent variable is qualitative and a within-subjects variable
C)there are 4 levels of the independent variable
D)the dependent variable is qualitative

Question 33

The probable violation of sphericity in a repeated measures design can be evaluated using the

A)Huynh-Feldt epsilon.
B)Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon.
C)Mauchly test.
D)modified Bonferroni procedure.
E)both a and b

Question 34

The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance is typically used to analyze the relationship between two variables when:

A)the independent variable is quantitative in nature and is measured on a level that at least approximates interval characteristics
B)the independent variable is within-subjects in nature
C)the independent variable has three or more levels
D)all of these

Question 35

The variability in the dependent variable of a one-way repeated ANOVA that reflects the influence of the independent variable is the _____ and is conceptually equivalent to _____ in a between-subjects design.

A)sum of squares IV;sum of squares within
B)sum of squares IV;sum of squares between
C)sum of squares between;sum of squares error
D)sum of squares within;sum of squares error

Question 36

If the assumption of sphericity is violated in a repeated measures design,an adjustment factor can be used to obtain new degrees of freedom for

A)IV.
B)Error.
C)both IV and Error.
D)none of these

Question 37

In a repeated measures design,the components comprising the total variability in the dependent variable include:

A)sum of squares IV
B)sum of squares across subjects
C)sum of squares error
D)all of these

Question 38

The variability in the dependent variable of a one-way repeated ANOVA can be partitioned into _____ components.

A)2
B)4
C)3
D)none of these

Question 39

The null hypothesis of a one-way repeated ANOVA is _____.

A)all the population means are equal
B)all the population means are not equal
C)some of the population means are equal
D)some of the population means are not equal

Question 40

The _____ is the component that differentiates the repeated measures design and the between-subjects design.

A)sum of squares within groups
B)sum of squares between groups
C)sum of squares across subjects
D)sum of squares error

Question 41

In the summary table of a one-way repeated ANOVA,______ degrees of freedom values and _____ F values are recorded.

A)3;2
B)2;3
C)4;1
D)1;4

Question 42

The F test is robust to violations of the _____ assumption.

A)independent sampling
B)random sampling
C)sphericity
D)normality

Question 43

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on summary values given above,the value of degrees of freedom associated with sum of squares total and the sum of squares error is _____ and _____ ,respectively.

A)2;4
B)14;8
C)4;14
D)8;2

Question 44

For an alpha level of .05,the critical value of F with 2 and 8 degrees of freedom is 4.46;therefore,we ______the null hypothesis with an F value equal to that found in Question 20 and conclude that _____ between treatments and the dependent variable.

A)reject;no relationship exists
B)fail to reject;no relationship exists
C)reject;a relationship exists
D)fail to reject;a relationship exists

Question 45

In general,the F test is not robust to violations of the _____ assumption.

A)normality
B)sphericity
C)a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 46

Many statisticians recommend that modifications be made to the _____ unless one is confident that sphericity holds.

A)Huynh-Feldt epsilon
B)Greenhouse-Geisser epsilon
C)traditional F test
D)sum of squares IV

Question 47

For sample sizes larger than _____,the Type I error rate remains near the specified alpha level even in the face of marked _____.

A)10;non-normality
B)30;non-normality
C)100;sphericity
D)30;sphericity

Question 48

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the sum of squares total?

A)139.73
B)71.93
C)68.40
D)2.40

Question 49

The mean square error in the repeated measures case will tend to be _____ than the mean square within in the between-subjects case.

A)smaller
B)larger
C)equal to
D)more biased

Question 50

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the mean square error?

A)33.2
B)1.2
C)35.47
D)8.55

Question 51

If the null hypothesis is true,the _____ reflects only sampling error.

A)mean square error
B)mean square IV
C)a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 52

The function of the sum of squares subjects is to remove variability due to _____ from the dependent variable so that a more sensitive test of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables can be performed.

A)treatment effects
B)individual differences
C)group differences
D)none of these

Question 53

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the sum of squares error?

A)139.73
B)70.93
C)66.40
D)2.4

Question 54

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the mean square error?

A)33.2
B)8.92
C)35.67
D)4.19

Question 55

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above,what is the value of the sum of squares subjects?

A)139.73
B)71.33
C)68.40
D)2.4

Question 56

The F test for one-way repeated measures analysis of variance is appropriate when the dependent variable is _____ in nature and measured on a level that approximates _____ level characteristics.

A)quantitative;interval
B)quantitative;ratio
C)qualitative;nominal
D)qualitative;interval

Question 57

The _____ assumption states that the variance of the population difference scores for any two conditions is the same as the variance of the population difference scores for any other two conditions.

A)heteroscedasticity
B)normal differences
C)homogeneity of differences
D)sphericity

Question 58

If the observed value of F is _____ than the critical value of F,then the null hypothesis is rejected and we can conclude that _____ an influence of the independent variable.

A)greater;there is
B)less;there is not
C)greater;there is not
D)less;there is

Question 59

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given earlier,what is the value of eta²?

A).51
B).97
C).86
D).59

Question 60

ÓX² = 704 (ÓX)² = 8464 ÓT_j² =3178
ÓX = 92 k=3 N = 5 Ós_i² = 1898
Based on the summary values given above and your responses to Questions 13-19,what is the value of F?

A)4.17
B).24
C)27.67
D)7.43

Question 61

Unless one is confident on theoretical grounds that sphericity holds,it is probably best to apply the appropriate correction to the degrees of freedom via the _____ procedure.

A)Huynh-Feldt
B)Greenhouse-Geisser
C)Mauchly
D)modified Bonferroni

Question 62

The degrees of freedom for the denominator of the F test will always be _____ in the repeated measures case than in the between-subjects case.

A)less
B)larger
C)more accurate
D)none of these

Question 63

_____ serves to turn confounding variables associated with treatment order into disturbance variables.

A)Counterbalancing
B)Random Assignment
C)Random selection
D)Sphericity

Question 64

Modification of the _____ is necessary if the assumption of sphericity is violated.

A)sample size
B)sums of squares
C)degrees of freedom
D)treatments

Question 65

In a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance,the sum of squares IV reflects the influence of the independent variable.

Question 66

Violations of the assumption of _____ lead to increased _____ error.

A)normality;Type I
B)sphericity;Type I
C)normality;Type II
D)sphericity;Type II

Question 67

Degrees of freedom adjustment factors for violation of the sphericity assumption result in degrees of freedom for ____ that are _____ the traditional degrees of freedom.

A)IV and error;less than or equal to
B)total and subject;less than or equal to
C)IV and error;greater than
D)total and subjects;greater than

Question 68

An alternative to counterbalancing as a means of controlling confounding variables is to _____ the conditions for each subject.

A)systematically order
B)randomly order
C)carefully order
D)selectively order

Question 69

An assumption of the F test is that the sample is _____ selected from the population.

A)independently
B)independently and randomly
C)randomly

Question 70

If the null hypothesis is rejected,the _____ procedure will allow us to examine the nature of the relationship.

A)HSD
B)q value
C)F test
D)alpha

Question 71

The sum of squares within from a one-way between-subjects analysis of variance is mathematically equal to the total of the sum of squares _____ and the sum of squares _____ from a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance applied to the same scores.

A)IV;error
B)subjects;IV
C)subjects;error
D)none of these

Question 72

Given a q value of 4.6,N=5,MS_ERROR = 2.4,and condition sample means of 6.89,11.00,and 5.2,you could conclude that _____.

A)condition 1 has a statistically significantly higher mean than condition 2 and 3,which are not statistically significantly different from each other
B)condition 2 has a statistically significant higher mean than condition 3,but there are no other statistically significant differences
C)there are no statistically significant differences between the means of any of the conditions
D)condition 2 has a statistically significantly higher mean than condition 1,and condition 1 has a statistically significantly higher mean than condition 3

Question 73

To the extent that the dependent variable is influenced by individual background,the population eta-squared will be _____ in the within-subjects case than in the between-subjects case.

A)greater
B)smaller
C)more interpretable
D)less interpretable

Question 74

When comparing a between-subjects design with a repeated design,the between-subjects design will ____ powerful than the repeated design.

A)always be less
B)usually be less
C)always be more
D)usually be more

Question 75

Eta² reflects the proportion of variance in the dependent variable associated with the _____ after variability due to _____ has been removed.

A)independent variable;individual differences
B)individual differences;independent variable
C)independent variable;error
D)individual differences;error

Question 76

The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance is appropriate when the dependent variable is qualitative or categorical.

Question 77

The F test is robust to violations of sphericity.

Question 78

Randomly ordering the conditions for each subject is particularly valuable when the number of _____ is so great that counterbalancing is impossible.

A)effects
B)variables
C)subjects
D)conditions

Question 79

If the assumption of sphericity is not met,then the _____ procedure is used to evaluate the nature of the relationship.

A)Huynh-Feldt
B)modified Bonferroni
C)Mauchly
D)Tukey HS

Question 80

If the assumption of sphericity is satisfied,then the nature of the relationship following a statistically significant one-way repeated measures analysis of variance can be addressed with the _____ test.

A)Huynh-Feldt
B)modified Bonferroni
C)Mauchly
D)Tukey HSD