Deck 18: Fungi Invade the Land

Question 1

The septa in hyphae:

A) rarely form a complete barrier
B) are commonly found in plants and animals as well as fungi
C) are only found in the Zygomycota
D) prevent cytoplasm from flowing

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A mushroom with an 8-centimeter cap can produce as many as ______ spores per hour.

A) 40 million
B) 1 million
C) 100,000
D) 1,000

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which structure is typical of the basidiomycetes but not the other two groups?

A) Zygosporangium
B) Ascus
C) Hyphae
D) Basidium

Answer 3

D

Question 4

There are ____________ different described species of fungi.

A) 550
B) 4 million
C) 74,000
D) 2,000

Question 5

The fungi that cause athlete's foot and ringworm are members of which group?

A) Ascomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Zygomycetes
D) Imperfect fungi

Question 6

Associations between plant roots and fungi in which the fungi actually penetrate the outer cells of the plant root are:

A) ectomycorrhizae
B) endomycorrhizae
C) streptomycorrhizae
D) staphylomycorrhizae

Question 7

Which kind of reproductive structure is NOT found within the fungi?

A) gametangia
B) sporangia
C) conidia
D) anthers

Question 8

The relationship between plant roots and fungi can best be described as:

A) an association
B) predation
C) mutualism
D) parasitism

Question 9

The typical mushrooms,but not truffles or morels,belong to the:

A) ascomycetes
B) basidiomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) imperfect fungi

Question 10

The process by which a single cell differentiates into a specialized multicellular organism is:

A) development
B) heredity
C) multicellularity
D) coordination

Question 11

Which of the following important characteristics distinguish simple multicellular organisms from complex multicellular ones?

A) Cell membrane transport proteins
B) Cell specialization
C) Ability of individual cells to divide by mitosis
D) Ability of part of the organism to do meiosis
E) Having a cell wall

Question 12

The yeasts mostly belong to which group?

A) Ascomycetes
B) Basidiomycetes
C) Zygomycetes
D) Imperfect fungi

Question 13

When the basidiomycetes undergo sexual reproduction,the product is always a _____,unlike what is found in the other two groups.

A) gamete
B) ascus
C) dikaryotic hypha
D) mycelium

Question 14

The _________________ are fungi that have lost the ability to reproduce sexually.

A) ascomycetes
B) basidiomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) imperfect fungi

Question 15

An organism made up of many highly specialized kinds of cells that coordinate their activities is a:

A) colonial organism
B) aggregation
C) complex multicellular organism
D) simple multicellular organism

Question 16

Fungi differ from animals in that fungi:

A) have nonmotile sperm
B) have nuclear mitosis
C) have cell walls made up of chitin
D) All of these are correct.

Question 17

Chytrids:

A) have flagellated gametes
B) form basidia during sexual reproduction
C) are the source of penicillin
D) form symbiotic relationships with algae

Question 18

A mass of fungal hyphae is called a:

A) plant body
B) mycelium
C) gametophyte
D) sporophyte

Question 19

A lichen is made up of a(n)___________ and a __________.

A) alga;fungus
B) animal;fungus
C) fungus;plant
D) animal;protist

Question 20

The morels and truffles belong to which group?

A) ascomycetes
B) basidiomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) imperfect fungi

Question 21

Fungi are at least _____ million years old.

A) 1
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100
E) 400

Question 22

In a mycorrhiza,what do the filamentous fungi provide to the plant?

A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Minerals
D) Glucose
E) Carbon

Question 23

Fungi and ______ are the main decomposers in the biosphere.

A) protists
B) animals
C) plants
D) bacteria

Question 24

A fungal filament in which all the nuclei are genetically similar is said to be a ____________________.

Question 25

Why are fungal infections often difficult to treat?

A) Medicines that kill fungal cells may adversely affect animal cells too.
B) It is hard to kill them.
C) There are no good antifungal drugs.
D) Fungi are likely to become drug resistant.

Question 26

There are _______________ species found in the basidiomycetes.

Question 27

Fungi differ from plants in all the following ways except:

A) Fungi have filamentous bodies.
B) Fungi have nuclear mitosis.
C) Fungi are heterotrophic.
D) Fungi have cell walls made of cellulose.
E) Fungi have nonmotile sperm.

Question 28

A fungal __________ is light enough to be carried for miles in the wind,dispersing the fungus to new areas.

Question 29

The fungal partner in a lichen is:

A) basidiomycetes
B) ascomycetes
C) zygomycetes
D) imperfect fungi

Question 30

Which of the following substances are commercially produced by fungi?

A) Some antibiotics
B) Citric acid
C) Cheese
D) Wine
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 31

The fungal phyla are distinguished primarily by:

A) their color
B) their size
C) their mode of sexual reproduction
D) whether they make spores or not
E) their habitat

Question 32

Fungi obtain nutrients by _______________ digestion.

Question 33

The roots of about 10% of all kinds of plants are involved in symbiotic associations with certain kinds of fungi.

Question 34

Fungi only break down dead or decaying matter and do not attack living organisms.

Question 35

The fungus from which penicillin is derived belongs to the _____________.

Question 36

An ___________ is a reproductive structure found only in the ascomycetes.

Question 37

Puffballs and shelf fungi belong to the ________________.

Question 38

Why are lichens generally absent in cities?

A) They need more light.
B) They are sensitive to the high noise levels.
C) They are sensitive to pollution.
D) They need other plants around them.
E) They are aquatic organisms.

Question 39

The slender filaments that make up the body of a fungus are called ____________.

Question 40

Any unicellular fungus is called:

A) yeast
B) a mushroom
C) toadstools
D) morels
E) truffles

Question 41

Why are lichens good barometers of the presence of air pollution?

Question 42

The symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi is called _______________.

Question 43

What are some of the unique features of the fungi that lead us to believe they are not closely related to any other group of organisms?

Question 44

________________ are a type of association between plant roots and fungi in which the fungi do not penetrate the root cells.

Question 45

Why might multicellularity be advantageous to an organism?

Question 46

Differentiate between conidia and spores.

Question 47

How are fungi used by humans?