Deck 15: How We Name Living Things

Question 1

The first person to suggest a general definition of species was:

A) Carolus Linnaeus
B) John Ray
C) Charles Darwin
D) Joseph Priestly

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The problem with the biological species concept is that it assumes that organisms regularly:

A) undergo mitosis
B) reproduce asexually
C) outcross
D) inbreed

Answer 2

C

Question 3

_______________ is the study of the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

A) Logistics
B) Statistics
C) Clastistics
D) Systematics

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A group of organisms at a particular level in a system of classification is called a(n):

A) taxon
B) ingroup
C) outgroup
D) category

Question 5

Select the scientific name from the following names:

A) robin
B) tiger
C) Marmota
D) Apis mellifera

Question 6

Cladograms will group birds with reptiles because these groups share:

A) derived characteristics
B) a common ancestor
C) many similar characteristics
D) All of these

Question 7

To what class does the Eastern Gray Squirrel belong?

A) Chondrichthyes
B) Amphibia
C) Aves
D) Mammalia

Question 8

To what phylum do honeybees belong?

A) Annelida
B) Chordata
C) Arthropoda
D) Sporozoa

Question 9

How many different species of organisms do scientists believe exist on earth today?

A) 10,000
B) 1.5 million
C) 10 million
D) 1 billion

Question 10

Extreme thermophiles belong in what group?

A) Domain Archaea
B) Domain Bacteria
C) Domain Eukarya
D) Kingdom Fungi

Question 11

Which of these groups does not fit well into the biological species concept?

A) Animals
B) Humans
C) Protists
D) All of these are correct.

Question 12

The scientific names we use to identify organisms are in the form of:

A) Greek
B) polynomials
C) nicknames
D) binomials

Question 13

The multi-level grouping of individual organisms is a means of:

A) minimization
B) reduction
C) classification
D) identification

Question 14

The person responsible for the current scheme for grouping organisms is:

A) Aristotle
B) Linnaeus
C) Darwin
D) Malthus

Question 15

A branching tree that represents the evolutionary relationships among a number of species is,in scientific terms,called a(n):

A) family tree
B) phylogenetic tree
C) androgeny
D) pedigree

Question 16

Choose the highest,most inclusive category.

A) Order
B) Family
C) Genus
D) Phylum

Question 17

The most objective way to construct a phylogeny is to focus on characters:

A) that are large in size
B) that confer adaptedness to a particular habitat
C) inherited from a common ancestor
D) acquired during an organism's lifetime

Question 18

Cladograms ___________ true family trees.

A) are not
B) are

Question 19

The kingdoms within the domain Eukarya:

A) include the animals,plants,fungi,and protists
B) evolved as a result of endosymbiosis in an early ancestral cell
C) exclude the prokaryotes
D) All of these are correct.

Question 20

The science that deals with the naming and grouping of organisms is:

A) biology
B) herpetology
C) taxonomy
D) physiology

Question 21

Which of the following is correct about the evolutionary relationships among the three domains?

A) Archaea and bacteria are more closely related to each other than to eukaryotes.
B) Eukaryotes and bacteria are more closely related to each other than to archaea.
C) Archaea and eukaryotes are more closely related to each other than to bacteria.
D) They are equally distant from each other.

Question 22

In all the following kingdoms,fertilization and meiosis are part of the life cycle except:

A) Animalia
B) Fungi
C) Protista
D) Plantae
E) Archaea

Question 23

Why are donkeys and horses considered different species?

A) They have different life spans.
B) They look different.
C) Their offspring cannot produce offspring.
D) There are differences in their DNA.
E) There are differences in their RNA.

Question 24

Mitochondria are descendents of __________,and chloroplasts are descendents of _________.

A) purple bacteria;cyanobacteria
B) methanogens;protists
C) cyanobacteria;fungi
D) orange bacteria;purple bacteria

Question 25

Molds and yeasts belong to which kingdom?

A) Fungi
B) Protista
C) Animalia
D) Archaea
E) Bacteria

Question 26

In classification,the taxonomic group just below family is:

A) species
B) genus
C) order
D) class
E) phylum

Question 27

Which kingdom only contains multicellular organisms?

A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Protista
D) Archaea

Question 28

Which of the following is not an example of a member of Archaea?

A) Purple bacteria
B) Methanogens
C) Thermophiles
D) Halophiles

Question 29

Which of the following sets of kingdoms contain organisms that are capable of photosynthesis?

A) Bacteria and Fungi
B) Archaea and Animalia
C) Fungi and Protista
D) Protista and Plantae
E) Animalia and Plantae

Question 30

Which of the following kingdoms can do photosynthesis?

A) Some protists
B) Some fungi
C) All animals
D) All bacteria
E) All archaea

Question 31

Which organism would you most likely find in the most extreme habitats on earth?

A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Plants
D) Animals
E) Archaea

Question 32

Biologists currently recognize ______ different kingdoms.

Question 33

Why are mitochondria and chloroplasts believed to have entered early eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis of bacteria?

A) They are the same size as bacteria.
B) They contain DNA.
C) They are not derived from the endomembrane system as other organelles are.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 34

A _________ is a group of organisms related by their ancestry.

Question 35

Which of the following domains only contain one kingdom?

A) Bacteria and Fungi
B) Archaea and Bacteria
C) Fungi and Protista
D) Protista and Animalia
E) Animalia and Plantae

Question 36

In the scientific name,Homo sapiens,"Homo" indicates the _________ of the organism,while "sapiens" indicates its __________.

Question 37

Mitochondria are present in organisms in the following kingdoms except:

A) Plantae
B) Fungi
C) Protista
D) Archaea
E) Animalia

Question 38

The highest,most inclusive level of our current classification scheme is _________________.

Question 39

The domain Archaea includes bacteria that live in extreme environments as well as the viruses.

Question 40

The kingdom often referred to as an artificial group because many of its organisms are distantly related is:

A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Fungi
D) Protista
E) Animalia

Question 41

Cladograms provide information about _____________ relationships.

Question 42

Do all organisms fit equally well under the biological species concept? Explain.

Question 43

A cladogram must contain an ____________ to serve as a baseline of comparison for the other groups.

Question 44

Why was the classification scheme devised by Linnaeus such an improvement over those used in his day?

Question 45

Of all the hundreds of varieties of dogs,all belong to the same __________.

Question 46

What does it mean to have a hierarchical system of classification?

Question 47

Describe the various scientific roles that zoos fulfill.

Question 48

A cladogram grouped birds with reptiles because the bird characteristic of ____________ was not emphasized.

Question 49

What is one advantage to using cladistics rather than phylogenetic systematics?

Question 50

Phylogenetic systematics ___________ characters.