Deck 14: Evolution and Natural Selection

Question 1

The fossil record indicates that whales evolved from:

A) hoofed mammals
B) fish
C) sharks
D) dinosaurs

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In pools below waterfalls,where predation is _____,male guppies are _____,whereas in pools above waterfalls where predation is ______,male guppies are ______.

A) low,more colorful,high,drab colored
B) low,drab colored,high,more colorful
C) high,drab colored,low,more colorful
D) high,more colorful,low,drab colored

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Choose the phrase that best represents microevolutionary change.

A) Darker skin after hours spent in a tanning booth
B) Changes in allele frequency in a population
C) New forms of animals replacing older ones
D) Major episodes of extinction

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The molecular evidence of how the cytochrome c gene changes with time suggests that this gene evolves:

A) at a constant rate
B) in spurts
C) hardly at all
D) more rapidly than any other gene

Question 5

In a certain population,the frequency of a dominant allele is represented by p = 0.7,and the frequency of the recessive allele is represented by 0.3.What is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype?

A) 1
B) 0.5
C) 0.42
D) 0.01

Question 6

Sickle-cell anemia in humans is an example of:

A) directional selection
B) disruptive selection
C) stabilizing or balancing selection
D) random chance

Question 7

In small populations,gene frequencies can change drastically by chance alone.This phenomenon is called:

A) migration
B) density-independent effects
C) density-dependent effects
D) genetic drift

Question 8

In human infants,there has long been evolution toward having the highest survival rate at a 6-7 pound birth weight.This is an example of:

A) directional selection
B) disruptive selection
C) stabilizing or balancing selection
D) random chance

Question 9

When selection operates to eliminate intermediate phenotypes,it is referred to as:

A) directional selection
B) disruptive selection
C) stabilizing or balancing selection
D) random chance

Question 10

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is based on a number of assumptions.Which of the following is NOT one of those?

A) Mating occurs nonrandomly,and mates exert preferences.
B) The size of the population is large.
C) There is no migration.
D) There are no mutations.

Question 11

When only a very few individuals give rise to a new population in a new area of favorable habitat,they might differ in appearance from the other,larger population from which they separated.This effect is called the:

A) mutation effect
B) founder effect
C) inbreeding effect
D) outbreeding effect

Question 12

A population of frogs developing a slight difference in their mating calls is an example of:

A) macroevolutionary change
B) microevolutionary change
C) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
D) artificial selection

Question 13

Most types of organisms evolve at about the same rate.

Question 14

Biochemical changes that occur in organisms through time can help us:

A) infer relatedness
B) construct molecular family trees
C) understand how groups of organisms changed through time
D) All of these

Question 15

The notion that organisms that are more distantly related should have time to accumulate more biochemical differences than those more closely related can best be illustrated using:

A) radioactive isotope dating
B) gel electrophoresis
C) a geologic time scale
D) a molecular clock

Question 16

Features that are similar in organisms that are not evolutionarily related are due to:

A) similar selective pressures
B) differing selective pressures
C) chance alone
D) directional mutation

Question 17

Two populations of flowers are separated by a mountain range and would not be capable of interbreeding.This is an example of:

A) behavorial isolation
B) mechanical isolation
C) ecological isolation
D) geographical isolation

Question 18

________________ results from microevolutionary changes that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.

A) Adaptation
B) Macroevolutionary change
C) Inheritance of acquired traits
D) Selection

Question 19

If two species of birds occur in the same area but occupy different habitats they do not mate.This is an example of:

A) behavorial isolation
B) mechanical isolation
C) ecological isolation
D) temporal isolation

Question 20

Over time,the same bones in different vertebrates were put to different uses.This falls under the category of:

A) heterologous structures
B) vestigial organs
C) analogous structures
D) homologous structures

Question 21

When a few survivors of an original population give rise to the next generation of individuals,the genetic sample is small,a phenomenon called a ________________.

Question 22

Choose the phrase that best represents macroevolutionary change.

A) Darker skin after hours spent in a tanning booth
B) Changes in allele frequency in a population
C) New forms of animals replacing older ones
D) Major episodes of extinction

Question 23

All of the following are examples of vestigial structures except:

A) human gall bladder
B) pelvis in a whale
C) appendix in humans
D) All of these are vestigial.

Question 24

__________________ isolating mechanisms include improper development of hybrids and failure of hybrids to become established in nature.

Question 25

If two species of plants bloom during different seasons in the same habitat,this is known as:

A) mechanical isolation
B) temporal isolation
C) ecological isolation
D) geographical isolation
E) behavioral isolation

Question 26

Two closely related species that fail to recognize the courtship behavior of each other are said to be _________________ isolated.

Question 27

__________________ isolating mechanisms lead to reproductive isolation by preventing the formation of hybrid zygotes.

Question 28

A structure remaining in an animal but with no use at all is called:

A) analogous
B) vestigial
C) homologous
D) successive
E) sympatric

Question 29

The differences produced between breeds produced by artificial selection are more distinctive than differences between wild species.

Question 30

The bones of vertebrate forelimbs are similar because of descent from a common ancestor.These forelimbs can be called __________________ structures.

Question 31

New gene variations are constantly being introduced into populations through random mutations.

Question 32

During fossilization,remains of an organism may become suspended in fossilized plant sap,which is called ________.

Question 33

All of the following are correct about Intelligent Design except:

A) it is the same as Creationism
B) some people want it taught in schools along with evolution
C) it is scientifically testable
D) it has been overwhelmingly rejected by the scientific community
E) it is a religious viewpoint

Question 34

Whales are descendents of:

A) sharks
B) a relative of the rhinoceros
C) a relative of the duckbilled platypus
D) a relative of a hippopotamus
E) manatees

Question 35

The human appendix is an example of a __________ organ,reflecting our evolutionary past.

Question 36

Bats,pterosaurs,and birds are examples of _________ evolution.

Question 37

Bees may pick up pollen of one species on a certain place on their bodies;if this area does not come into contact with the receptive structures of the flowers of another plant species,the pollen is not transferred.This is an example of:

A) temporal isolation
B) mechanical isolation
C) ecological isolation
D) geographical isolation

Question 38

The evidence for evolution includes which of the following?

A) The fossil record
B) The molecular record
C) Anatomical record
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Much of the evolutionary history of vertebrates can be seen in the way in which their ________ develop.

A) digestive tracts
B) embryos
C) brains
D) appendages
E) nervous systems

Question 40

A human example of stabilizing selection is _____________________.

Question 41

Different finches on each of the Galápagos Islands is the result of:

A) extinction
B) population growth
C) adaptive radiation
D) All of these are correct.

Question 42

Darwin's main tenet of natural selection was:

A) that only the oldest live to reproduce
B) every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than can survive
C) only those that are most suited to the conditions at the time survive to reproduce
D) Both A and B are correct.
E) Both B and C are correct.

Question 43

Darwin's finches,and the studies by the Grants finally proved that:

A) beak size adjusted within a given year depending on nutrition status
B) differences in beak size were the result of natural selection and were inherited
C) beak sizes were completely random and no pattern was determined
D) beak sizes made no difference as to the food being eaten

Question 44

The final stimulus that convinced Darwin to publish his findings came from _____________,who had come to the same conclusion as Darwin from his own travels.

A) Thomas Malthus
B) Alfred Russell Wallace
C) John Henslow
D) Charles Lyell

Question 45

What does the fossil record tell us?

Question 46

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation p² +2pq + q²,describe what each genotype is represented by each member of the equation.

Question 47

Darwin better understood the mechanism for natural selection after he read a book by ______________ on the rate of growth of populations.

A) Alfred Wallace
B) Charles Lyell
C) Thomas Malthus
D) Jean Lamarck

Question 48

What is the process of natural selection?

Question 49

The purpose of the voyage of the HMS Beagle was to:

A) discover new routes to the New World
B) survey the living creatures on islands only
C) map navigational routes around the coasts of South America
D) search for gold

Question 50

Give an example of behavioral isolation.

Question 51

In 1859,naturalist ______________ suggested an explanation for why evolution occurs.

A) Robert McKormick
B) Charles Darwin
C) Charles Lyell
D) Thomas Malthus
E) Peter Grant

Question 52

A __________ is a separate group of organisms incapable of interbreeding with other such groups.

Question 53

Darwin's evidence that evolution occurs included:

A) the existence of fossils that closely resembled living specimens
B) a distinctive distribution of plants and animals in lands with similar climates that were not physically connected
C) unique but similar species on several nearby islands
D) All of these were Darwin's evidence for evolution.

Question 54

Give two examples of nonrandom mating.