Deck 11: DNA: The Genetic Material

Question 1

When Frederick Griffith injected dead bacteria of the virulent S strain into mice,the mice:

A) remained healthy
B) died of blood poisoning
C) became ill but lived
D) reproduced quicker

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The significance of the Griffith,Avery and Hershey-Chase experiments was that they demonstrated that:

A) genes were located on chromosomes
B) enzymes transformed bacteria
C) proteins were what genes were composed of
D) DNA was the molecule of heredity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The building blocks of DNA are called:

A) proteins
B) bases
C) nucleotides
D) acids

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Based on which of the following pieces of evidence about the transforming agent did Avery conclude that DNA is the hereditary material?

A) The purified material had the same elements as DNA.
B) In an ultracentrifuge,the material migrated like DNA.
C) The material was not destroyed by protein-digesting enzymes.
D) The material was destroyed by DNA-digesting enzymes.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Which scientists determined that DNA synthesis is semiconservative?

A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith
C) James Watson and Francis Crick
D) Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
E) Rachel Carson and Oswald Avery

Question 6

A plant species has its DNA analyzed.The results show that 28% of its nitrogen bases are guanine.What is the percent represented by thymine?

A) 28%
B) 24%
C) 23%
D) 22%

Question 7

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT,its complementary strand will have the sequence:

A) ATTGCAT
B) TAACGTA
C) GCCATGC
D) CGGTACG

Question 8

When Griffith injected a mixture of dead S bacteria and live,capsuleless R bacteria,the mice:

A) remained healthy
B) died of blood poisoning
C) became ill but lived
D) reproduced quicker

Question 9

When Frederick Griffith infected mice with a virulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae,the mice:

A) remained healthy
B) died of blood poisoning
C) became ill but lived
D) reproduced quicker

Question 10

How many carbon atoms does deoxyribose have?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 11

Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there was a special relationship between individual bases that we now refer to as Chargaff's rule.His observation was that:

A) A = T and G = C
B) C = T and A = G
C) A + T = C + G
D) G = T and C = A

Question 12

All of the following are correct about DNA replication except:

A) DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to one another.
B) DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
C) Helicase is the enzyme which rewinds the DNA after replication is finished.
D) DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.
E) The lagging strand only has many primers.

Question 13

The enzyme that joins the ends of newly synthesized segments of DNA after the primers have been removed is:

A) DNA ligase
B) DNA polymerase
C) helicase
D) primase
E) RNA ligase

Question 14

Hershey and Chase tagged the DNA of viruses with radioactive phosphorus,and their protein coats with radioactive sulfur.When the viruses were allowed to infect bacteria,what did the viruses transfer to the bacteria?

A) Radioactive phosphorus and sulfur
B) Radioactive sulfur
C) Radioactive phosphorus
D) Neither radioactive phosphorus nor sulfur

Question 15

When Frederick Griffith infected mice with S.pneumoniae that lacked a capsule,the mice:

A) remained healthy
B) died of blood poisoning
C) became ill but lived
D) reproduced quicker

Question 16

In the Griffith experiment,why did the mice become ill when injected with a mixture of dead S bacteria and live,capsuleless R bacteria?

A) RNA was passed from the live R bacteria to the dead S bacteria,bringing them back to life.
B) RNA was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
C) DNA was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
D) Protein was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
E) The virulent S bacteria were not 100% dead and so were still able to make the mice ill.

Question 17

Which choice describes how the DNA molecule replicates?

A) Semiconservative
B) Dispersive
C) Conservative
D) Either dispersive or semiconservative depending on the pH
E) Either dispersive or conservative depending on the organism

Question 18

Which scientists are credited for deducing the true structure of DNA?

A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith
C) James Watson and Francis Crick
D) Rachel Carson and Oswald Avery

Question 19

Which scientist's work first suggested that DNA had the shape of a helix?

A) Rosalind Franklin
B) James Watson
C) Martha Chase
D) Francis Crick
E) Rachel Carson

Question 20

Meselson and Stahl proved that:

A) DNA is the genetic material
B) DNA is made from nucleotides
C) DNA replicates in a semiconservative manner
D) DNA contains nitrogen

Question 21

In DNA,the amount of adenine always equals the amount of thymine,and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.

Question 22

What observation did Dr.Katsusaburo Yamagiwa make to lead him to believe that chemicals cause cancer?

A) He observed that chimney sweeps exhibited frequent cancer of the scrotum.
B) He observed unusual tumors of the nose in snuff users and suggested tobacco as the cause.
C) He observed that cancer rates were 40 times higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
D) He observed that when coal tar extracts were applied to rabbit skin,cancers eventually developed.

Question 23

All of the following are correct about mutations except:

A) Without mutations,there would be no variation and no evolution.
B) Mutations change the bases in DNA.
C) A mutation in a somatic cell will be passed on to subsequent generations.
D) Some mutations change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
E) Some mutations remove nucleotides from a gene.

Question 24

If the sequence of one strand of DNA is CATTACGGG,then the complementary strand would be GTAATGCCC.

Question 25

The two strands of DNA are said to be __________ to one another.

Question 26

What is meant by "semiconservative replication?"

Question 27

The Hershey-Chase experiment demonstrated that RNA,not protein,is the hereditary material.

Question 28

The process when an individual gene moves from one place in the genome to another is called a:

A) transposition
B) frame shift mutation
C) transition
D) base substitution
E) base deletion

Question 29

Once a mistake is made in DNA it will stay there forever.

Question 30

Each strand in the double helix is identical to the opposite strand.

Question 31

An unexpected change in a cell's genetic makeup is called a ____________.

Question 32

DNA is also known as the:

A) alpha helix
B) beta helix
C) double helix
D) triple helix

Question 33

The copying of DNA before cell division is referred to as DNA ___________________.

Question 34

Which type of mutation will have the most evolutionary consequence?

A) A mutation in a lung cell
B) A mutation in a kidney cell
C) A mutation in a stomach cell
D) A mutation in a germ-line cell

Question 35

Which London surgeon noted in 1775 that chimney sweeps exhibited frequent cancer of the scrotum?

A) Katsusaburo Yamagiwa
B) John Hill
C) Sir Percivall Pott
D) Ernst Winder
E) Richard Doll

Question 36

The place where the parent DNA molecule becomes unzipped for replication is called the ___________________.

Question 37

Which is correct about DNA replication?

A) The strand made continuously is the lagging strand.
B) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction.
C) DNA polymerase can build DNA from scratch.
D) The place where the parent DNA becomes unzipped during DNA replication is called the replication fork.
E) DNA is made conservatively.

Question 38

A base substitution will lead to a frame-shift mutation.

Question 39

Which researcher in 1761 noted unusual tumors of the nose in snuff users and suggested tobacco as the cause?

A) Katsusaburo Yamagiwa
B) John Hill
C) Sir Percivall Pott
D) Ernst Winder
E) Richard Doll

Question 40

In his experiments,Griffith found that transformation occurs naturally in bacteria.Explain how Griffith found this out.

Question 41

Why are deletions or insertions of nucleotides likely to be more detrimental than base substitutions?