Deck 8: Mitosis

Question 1

The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled at several points;which of these is not a control point?

A) Cell growth is assessed at the G₁ checkpoint.
B) DNA replication is assessed at the G₂ checkpoint.
C) Mitosis is assessed at the M checkpoint.
D) Cell growth is assessed at the S checkpoint.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

You look in the microscope and see sister chromatids moving to opposite sides of the cell.You conclude the cell is in:

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Answer 2

A

Question 3

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

A) G₁
B) G₂
C) S
D) Prophase
E) Metaphase

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Identical copies of each chromosome are called __________________ and are joined at the ______________.

A) homologues;centromere
B) sister chromatids;kinetochore
C) sister chromatids;centromere
D) homologues;kinetochore

Question 5

During which stage of mitosis do replicated chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope disappears?

A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Telophase
D) Metaphase
E) Anaphase

Question 6

The G₁,S,and G₂ phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as:

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) mitosis
D) meiosis
E) metaphase

Question 7

The spindle is:

A) the new cell membrane as it reforms across the cytoplasm during cytokinesis
B) the protein that connects the duplicated chromosomes
C) the network of protein cables that will pull the chromatids to opposite ends of the cell
D) the protein that DNA winds itself around

Question 8

During which stage of the cell cycle does the M checkpoint occur?

A) Metaphase
B) Prophase
C) Telophase
D) S phase
E) G₁

Question 9

Prokaryotic cells divide by:

A) mitosis
B) cleavage
C) cytokinesis
D) binary fission
E) meiosis

Question 10

When the chromosomes line up at the equatorial plane,you can conclude the cell is in:

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase
E) interphase

Question 11

The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is 46.The haploid number is:

A) 138
B) 92
C) 46
D) 23

Question 12

The proper sequence,beginning to end,for the stages of mitosis is:

A) prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
B) telophase-anaphase-metaphase-prophase
C) anaphase-prophase-metaphase-telophase
D) prophase-anaphase-metaphase-telophase

Question 13

What cell cycle regulatory protein is a tumor-suppressor protein?

A) E2F
B) EGF
C) p53
D) HER2

Question 14

If cell division is no longer possible,eukaryotes can arrest the cell cycle.During which stage is this decision made?

A) S phase
B) G₂
C) G₁
D) Telophase
E) Prophase

Question 15

What causes cancer in cells?

A) Damage to genes failing to stop cell division
B) Chemical damage to cell membranes
C) UV damage to transport proteins
D) A disconnect between the two G phases
E) Skipping the S phase in the cell cycle

Question 16

During which mitotic stage is the spindle disassembled,the nuclear membrane formed and the chromosomes uncoil?

A) Anaphase
B) Metaphase
C) Prophase
D) Telophase
E) Interphase

Question 17

Which is incorrect about chromosomes?

A) Possession of the right chromosome number is essential to survival.
B) Humans missing a chromosome usually do not survive embryonic development.
C) The organized visual arrangement of chromosomes is called a karyotype.
D) Chromosomes all have the same number of genes on them.
E) You can determine the number of chromosomes in an individual by counting the centromeres.

Question 18

In which cell type would a cell plate form after telophase is complete?

A) Animal
B) Bacteria
C) Plant
D) Protist

Question 19

Proteins with positive charges that are wrapped around DNA within chromosomes are:

A) chromatids
B) histones
C) centromeres
D) kinetochores

Question 20

Most eukaryotes have between ___________ chromosomes in their body cells.

A) 1 and 15
B) 10 and 50
C) 100 and 200
D) 200 and 300
E) 350 and 500

Question 21

Which is incorrect about p53?

A) It is a protein that monitors the integrity of DNA.
B) It can direct a cell to kill itself.
C) It stimulates the activity of DNA repair enzymes.
D) If nonfunctioning,cells become cancerous.
E) It is routinely given as a cancer therapy.

Question 22

Which of the following is not a stage of mitosis?

A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Anaphase
D) Metaphase
E) Telophase

Question 23

All of the following are correct about HER2 except:

A) It is a protein associated with the receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF).
B) Most colon cancers have excess copies of this protein on their cells.
C) A mutation can lead to an overproduction of HER2 on cells.
D) Cells that overproduce HER2 are killed preferentially by the immune system when monoclonal antibodies are given therapeutically.
E) Cells that produce too much HER2 can become cancerous.

Question 24

During mitosis,chromosomes are lined up at the equator of the cell during this phase _________________________.

Question 25

Which of the following can cause cancer?

A) UV rays
B) Viruses
C) Chemicals
D) Environmental contaminants
E) All of the choices can cause cancer.

Question 26

Cigarette smoke causes mutations in the p53 gene.

Question 27

Which of the following does not occur during telophase?

A) the nuclear membrane disappears
B) the nucleolus reappears
C) chromosomes uncoil
D) the spindle is disassembled
E) cytokinesis often begins now

Question 28

Mitosis occurs in germ cells.

Question 29

Mutated proto-oncogenes become cancer-causing genes called _________.

Question 30

Cytoplasm is cleaved in two during the _____________________ phase of the cell's life cycle.

Question 31

What is the goal of angiogenesis inhibitors?

A) They inhibit the formation of small blood vessels that feed a tumor.
B) They prevent the activation of protein kinases in the cell.
C) They target the Ras protein,causing it to stop promoting cell division.
D) They inhibit the synthesis of HER1 proteins on cancerous cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 32

During metaphase:

A) chromosomes condense
B) chromatids separate
C) the nuclear membrane reforms
D) the nucleolus reappears
E) chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane

Question 33

What is telomerase?

A) A protein found in abundance on colon cancer cells
B) An enzyme that inhibits the formation of small blood vessels that feed a tumor
C) An enzyme that adds bases back to the tip of chromosomes every time a cell divides
D) A chemical that allows the telophase stage of mitosis to proceed
E) A chemical involved in RNA synthesis

Question 34

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same size,shape,and function are ________________________________.

Question 35

Which is not correct about the way prokaryotes divide?

A) They divide by binary fission.
B) The chromosome is a single circular molecule of DNA.
C) The replication of DNA occurs in one direction around the circle.
D) They use the same DNA bases as in eukaryotes.
E) When the cell reaches an appropriate size,the cell divides into two equal halves.

Question 36

Mutations disabling key elements of the G₁ checkpoint are associated with many cancers.

Question 37

Genes known as _________ encode proteins that stimulate cell division.

Question 38

After duplication,sister chromatids remain joined together:

A) until metaphase
B) by the centromere
C) throughout mitosis
D) until telophase
E) by the kinetochore

Question 39

During which stage of the cell cycle does the synthesis of microtubules occur?

A) S phase
B) G₂
C) G₁
D) Telophase
E) Prophase

Question 40

All of the following are correct about cancer except:

A) malignant tumors are invasive
B) malignant tumors are not encapsulated
C) cancer cells can sometimes spread into the bloodstream
D) benign cells are those that have metastasized
E) cancers are the direct result of mutations in growth-regulating genes

Question 41

The daughter chromatids are separated and pulled to their respective poles during ___________________ of mitosis.

Question 42

A ______________ is a long DNA molecule that contains genes and has proteins to help it retain its shape.

Question 43

Explain how the new molecular therapies might stop the growth of cancer.

Question 44

Why is mitosis also referred to as karyokinesis?

Question 45

How are cancer cells different from normal cells?

Question 46

Why do eukaryotic cells have to undergo the individual steps of mitosis while prokaryotic cells can merely pull in half by binary fission?

Question 47

Mitosis is cell division that produces somatic cells,while meiosis produces ____________.

Question 48

Describe what occurs during prophase of mitosis.