Deck 7: Genetics

Question 1

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a dominant allele for flower color from its other parent.The genotype of this pea plant is

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In Mendelian genetic crosses,a(n)_____ allele is only expressed in the homozygous condition.

A)recessive
B)dominant
C)homozygous
D)heterozygous

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In pea plants,the smooth seed trait is dominant to the wrinkled seed trait and the green pod trait is dominate to the yellow pod trait.If a pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits what will be the expected genotypes of the offspring of this cross?

A)homozygous dominate for both traits
B)heterozygous for both traits
C)½ homozygous dominant and ½ homozygous recessive
D)¼ homozygous dominant;½ heterozygous;¼ homozygous recessive
E)¾ heterozygous and ¼ homozygous dominant

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If a portion of a DNA molecule being transcribed is ATCCGATGA,then the complementary portion of mRNA would read:

A)ATCCGATGA
B)TAGGCTACT
C)UAGGCUACU
D)AUCCGAUGA
E)GCAATGCAG.

Question 5

In pea plants,purple flower color is dominant to white flower color.If in the P generation,a pure-breeding white flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant,what will be the expected phenotypes of the F₂ generation?

A)all purple flowering pea plants
B)1/2 purple flowering pea plants;1/2 white
C)all white flowering pea plants
D)¾ purple flowering pea plants;¼ white
E)¼ purple flowering pea plants;¾ purple

Question 6

Which of the following could be an RNA codon?

A)TAT
B)CGT
C)AAC
D)GAT
E)all of the above

Question 7

In pea plants,the smooth seed trait is dominant to the wrinkled seed trait and the green pod trait is dominate to the yellow pod trait.If a pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits what will be the expected phenotypes of the offspring of this cross?

A)all smooth seed with yellow pods
B)½ smooth seed with yellow pods;½ wrinkled seed with green pods
C)¾ smooth seed with yellow pods;¼ wrinkled seed with green pods
D)all wrinkled seed with green pods

Question 8

Which of the following crosses will produce offspring that show the recessive phenotype?

A)Aa x AA
B)AA x aa
C)Aa x Aa
D)AA x Aa
E)more than one of these is correct

Question 9

In a cross between a pure breeding tall plant (dominant)and a pure breeding dwarf plant (recessive)the expected genotypes of the offspring will be

A)all homozygous dominant
B)all heterozygous
C)all homozygous recessive
D)3/4 heterozygous;1/4 homozygous recessive
E)half homozygous dominant;half heterozygous

Question 10

Alternative forms of the same gene are called

A)loci
B)homologous
C)heterozygous
D)alleles

Question 11

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a recessive allele for flower color from its other parent.The genotype of this pea plant is

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined

Question 12

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a dominant allele for flower color from its other parent.The phenotype of this pea plant is

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined

Question 13

What was the immediate fate of Mendel's 1865 publication of his pea plant experiments?

A)He received universal praise and the science of genetics was born.
B)It was immediately condemned as anti-religious and banned by the Catholic Church.
C)He was accused of fraud and fudging his data.
D)It was mostly ignored for over 30 years.

Question 14

In a cross between a heterozygous smooth-seeded (Ss)plant and a homozygous wrinkled-seeded (ss)plant,what would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring?

A)all smooth
B)all wrinkled
C)3/4 smooth:1/4 wrinkled
D)half smooth: half wrinkled

Question 15

What trait did the parent pea plants Mendel use that made his experiments possible?

A)They were self-pollinating.
B)They were all homozygous dominant.
C)They were all homozygous recessive.
D)They were all heterozygous.
E)More than one of these traits made Mendel's experiments possiblE.

Question 16

In Mendel's work with peas,an F₁ hybrid (smooth yellow)was crossed to the recessive (wrinkled green)parent type.In terms of color,what were the frequencies of the phenotypes in the offspring of this cross?

A)all green
B)all yellow
C)1/2 green and 1/2 yellow
D)3/4 yellow and 1/4 green
E)none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following was unknown during Mendel's time?

A)the structure of DNA
B)mitosis and meiosis
C)genes and chromosomes
D)the structure of nucleotides
E)none of these were known about in Mendel's time

Question 18

In a cross between a pure breeding tall (dominant)plant and a pure breeding dwarf (recessive)plant,the expected phenotypes of the offspring will be:

A)3/4 tall: 1/4 dwarf
B)half tall: half dwarf
C)all tall
D)all dwarf

Question 19

In pea plants,purple flower color is dominant to white flower color.If in the P generation,a pure-breeding white flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant,what will be the expected genotypes of the F₂ generation?

A)all homozygous dominant
B)½ homozygous dominant;½ homozygous recessive
C)all homozygous recessive
D)¾ homozygous dominant;¼ homozygous recessive
E)¼ homozygous dominant;½ heterozygous;¼ homozygous recessive

Question 20

Mendel's principle of segregation relates directly to an event that occurs in _______ of meiosis.

A)Prophase I
B)Anaphase I
C)Metaphase I
D)Prophase II
E)Anaphase II

Question 21

The first flowering plant genome that was sequenced was of

A)Zea mays
B)Oryza sativa
C)Sorgum bicolor
D)Arabidopsis thaliana

Question 22

Insertion and deletion mutations both can cause

A)point mutations.
B)somatic mutations.
C)frame-shift mutatiions.
D)none of these.
E)all of thesE.

Question 23

Eukaryotic mRNA is translated

A)in the nucleus.
B)in the Golgi.
C)at the ribosome.
D)in the cytoplasm.

Question 24

Using bacterial _______,researchers are able to insert new genes into eukaryote cells to produce proteins of interest.

A)mRNA
B)plasmids
C)sex chromosomes
D)ribosomes

Question 25

According to Mendel's Principle of _______ a pair of alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes.

Question 26

Transcription leads to the production of _______ whereas translation leads to _______.

A)tRNA - polypeptides
B)polypeptides - mRNA
C)mRNA - polypeptides
D)mRNA - tRNA
E)rRNA - polypeptides

Question 27

If a segment of DNA read CATGAGACT,the complementary transcribed sequence would read

A)CATGAGACT
B)GTACTCTGA
C)CAUGAGACU
D)GUACUCUGA

Question 28

The actual coding part of a gene is the

A)exon.
B)intron.
C)codon.
D)polymerase.

Question 29

A cross between two F1 pink dahlia yields plants with 9 varieties of flower color.This is an example of

A)complete dominance.
B)incomplete dominance.
C)co-dominance.
D)polygenic inheritance.
E)linkagE.

Question 30

The introduction of genes from one organism into another is called ______ technology.

A)restriction DNA
B)somatic cell cloning
C)germ cell
D)recombinant DNA
E)plasmid restructuring

Question 31

The result of polygenic inheritance is

A)continuous variation around a mean.
B)all heterozygous genotypes.
C)phenotypes that are distinct from each other.
D)novel phenotypic variations.

Question 32

A cross between a brown chicken and a white chicken results in chicks that are speckled brown and white.This is an example of

A)complete dominance.
B)incomplete dominance.
C)codominance.
D)polygenic inheritance.
E)linkagE.

Question 33

Which of the following is involved with gene silencing?

A)mRNA
B)miRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA

Question 34

Linked genes

A)tend to be inherited together.
B)do not segregate from each other in meiosis.
C)do not assort independently.
D)do all of these

Question 35

A cross between pure- breeding red carnations and pure-breeding white carnations yields all pink carnations.This is an example of

A)complete dominance.
B)incomplete dominance.
C)co-dominance.
D)polygenic inheritance.
E)linkagE.

Question 36

______ enzymes cut the DNA molecule at specific base sequences.

Question 37

Which of the following molecules is found in all parts of protein synthesis?

A)rRNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)RNA polymerase
E)all of these molecules are found in all aspects of protein synthesis

Question 38

If genes are on the same chromosome they will be inherited together;this condition is referred to as ____.

Question 39

A point mutation is a change of:

A)a centromere
B)a whole chromatid
C)a single base
D)a whole chromosome
E)a single codon

Question 40

The codon,AUG,is a start codon that also codes for the amino acid,

A)valine
B)phenylalanine
C)cysteine
D)methionine
E)leucine

Question 41

SNPs are locations in human DNA in which a single nucleotide base differs among individuals.

Question 42

Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.

Question 43

Approximately 99.9% of the human genome consists of genes,DNA that codes for proteins.

Question 44

_______ is the molecule which carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 45

If both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote,the condition is called ______.

Question 46

______ and ______ described the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 47

Phenotype indicates the genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 48

In sesame plants,the one pod condition (P)is dominant to the three pod condition (p).A cross between PP and Pp would result in a 1:1 ratio of one pod to three in the offspring.

Question 49

Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as _______.

Question 50

Translation results in the formation of mRNA as a complimentary copy of DNA.

Question 51

A protein composed of 50 amino acids would be coded for by the exon of a gene _______ bases long.