Deck 4: Plant Physiology

Question 1

The evaporation of water at stomatal surfaces creates a(n)________ that pulls the water through the plant.

A)tension
B)osmotic pull
C)vacuum
D)evaporative pull

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The growing of sugarcane in the New World to produce sugar was one of the main reasons for the

A)exploration of the New World by Columbus and other explorers.
B)purchase of the Louisiana territory.
C)extensive slave trade between Africa and the Americas.
D)War of 1812.
E)demise of honey production in EuropE.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The intercellular pathway of water movement from the soil to the xylem of the root is the _______ pathway.

A)symplastic
B)apoplastic
C)leucoplastic
D)chromoplastic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What process prevents water moving through the xylem from falling back towards the roots?

A)osmosis
B)simple diffusion
C)cohesion and adhesion
D)gravity

Question 5

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that

A)in every energy exchange,some energy is destroyed.
B)energy cannot be created or destroyed.
C)all of the energy in the Universe has existed forever.
D)no energy exchange is 100% efficient.
E)more than one of these statements is truE.

Question 6

Soils are most commonly deficient in _______ and _______.

A)calcium and phosphorous
B)nitrogen and calcium
C)magnesium and nitrogen
D)nitrogen and phosphorous

Question 7

In what direction do dissolved sugars move in a plant?

A)upward towards the stomata
B)downward towards the roots
C)to areas in need of energy regardless of direction
D)upward during the day and downward at night

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement?

A)Transpiration is a passive process;translocation requires metabolic energy.
B)Translocation is a passive process;transpiration requires metabolic energy.
C)Transpiration and translocation are both passive processes.
D)Transpiration and translocation both require metabolic energy.

Question 9

Starch and glycogen store energy in the form of glucose.This is an example of ______ energy.

A)potential
B)kinetic
C)reduced
D)oxidized

Question 10

In the Pressure Flow Model of the movement of sugar through the phloem,what process causes the pressure?

A)photosynthesis
B)osmosis
C)transpiration
D)cohesion - adhesion

Question 11

What's the big dilemma plants face on a hot,dry day?

A)allowing H₂O in while minimizing O₂ loss
B)allowing CO₂ in while minimizing H₂O loss
C)allowing O₂ in while minimizing H₂O loss
D)allowing O₂ in while minimizing CO₂ loss

Question 12

What structure of the guard cells allows them to expand outward instead of spherically when inflated with water?

A)thick outer walls in contact with epidermal cells
B)thin inner walls that border the stomata
C)thin outer walls in contact with epidermal cells
D)thick inner walls that border the stomata

Question 13

The most common carbohydrate transported in the phloem is

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)sucrose
D)starch
E)maltose

Question 14

Adding a phosphate group to a molecule is called

A)photosynthesis.
B)aerobic respiration.
C)oxidation.
D)phosphorylation.
E)reduction.

Question 15

Regarding translocation,which of the following tissues is a sink?

A)an actively growing fruit
B)an apical meristem
C)the cortex of a root
D)the pith of a stem
E)all of these are sinks

Question 16

Of the following,which is not a process involved in the movement of water through a plant?

A)transpiration
B)cohesion
C)translocation
D)absorption
E)evaporation

Question 17

Transpiration occurs because of

A)evaporation of water at stomatal surfaces.
B)hypertonic soil solutions relative to the root solution.
C)absorption of water and dissolved minerals by root hairs.
D)osmotic pressure within xylem tissues.
E)the closing of guard cells.

Question 18

The polarity of water molecules creates ______ bonds between adjacent molecules.

A)covalent
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)peptide
E)glycosidic

Question 19

Which of the following would not prevent the flow of water through a plant?

A)100% relative humidity
B)very dry soils
C)hypotonic soil solution relative to the plant
D)damaged xylem tissue
E)all of these would prevent the flow of water through a plant

Question 20

Your tomato plants are stunted,older leaves are dark green,and there are patches of deep red pigmentation on the stems and leaves.Your tomato plant is suffering from ______ deficiency.

A)phosphorous
B)nitrogen
C)magnesium
D)calcium
E)copper

Question 21

The first step of the Calving Cycle is the fixation of _______.

A)carbon dioxide
B)ATP
C)water
D)oxygen
E)glucose

Question 22

How many turns of the Calvin Cycle are required for the production of one glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6

Question 23

The wavelength for the maximum light absorption of the reaction center of Photosystem I is in the ______ region.

A)red
B)blue
C)green
D)yellow

Question 24

How are CAM plants different from all other plants?

A)The final product of CAM photosynthesis is sucrose.
B)The CO₂ that diffuses into CAM plants is incorporated into an organic acid.
C)Carbon fixation occurs at night.
D)Stomata remain open during the day.
E)More than one of these is the correct answer.

Question 25

When the Photosystem I reaction center is oxidized,________ is reduced.

A)ADP
B)NADPH
C)NADP+
D)glucose
E)H₂O

Question 26

In what stage of cellular respiration is glucose split?

A)glycolysis
B)Krebs cycle
C)electron transport
D)Calvin cycle

Question 27

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration.
B)Photosynthesis is a catabolic pathway;respiration is an anabolic pathway.
C)Only in cellular respiration is ATP produced.
D)If photosynthesis did not exist,cellular respiration would be unaffecteD.

Question 28

When ADP is phosphorylated,it becomes

A)DNA.
B)hydrolyzed.
C)AMP.
D)ATP.
E)oxidized.

Question 29

The energy to power the Calvin Cycle reactions come from the _______ of the light reactions.

A)reactants
B)products
C)redox reactions
D)photophosphorylation reactions

Question 30

What is the role of oxygen (O2)in aerobic cellular respiration?

A)it is the final electron acceptor in electron transport
B)it provides energy for ATP synthase to function
C)it supplies electrons to electron transport
D)it is responsible for splitting glucose

Question 31

The main purpose of cellular respiration is the production of _______.

A)CO2
B)NADH
C)glucose
D)ATP
E)water

Question 32

When an electron is added to copper the charge on it changes from +2 to +1.Copper has been ________ chemically.

A)phosphorylated
B)oxidized
C)reduced
D)hydrolyzed

Question 33

Where in a plant cell does most ATP production take place?

A)stroma of the chloroplast
B)grana of the chloroplast
C)matrix of the mitochondrion
D)inner membrane of the mitochondrion
E)cytoplasm of the plant cell

Question 34

During the Calvin cycle,_______ and _______ supply energy for the fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide.

A)ATP - NADPH
B)O₂ - CO₂
C)ATP - O₂
D)H₂O - NADPH
E)H₂O - O₂

Question 35

The ultimate source of electrons in the light reactions of photosynthesis is _______.

A)H₂O
B)CO₂
C)ATP
D)glucose
E)NADP+

Question 36

The oxygen (O₂)from photosynthesis derives from the splitting of _________.

A)CO₂
B)ATP
C)NADPH
D)H₂O
E)glucose

Question 37

The first stable product of the Calvin Cycle is a _______ molecule.

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde
D)phosphoglyceric acid

Question 38

Chlorophyll is most concentrated in the _______ of the chloroplast.

A)stroma
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)grana
E)nucleus

Question 39

The enzyme responsible for the first step of the Calvin Cycle is

A)ATP synthase
B)RUBISCO
C)catalase
D)amylase
E)NABISCO

Question 40

Visible light is a form of _______ radiation.

A)electromagnetic
B)ultraviolet
C)cosmic
D)magnetic

Question 41

The loss of water vapor from a leaf is known as translocation.

Question 42

O₂given off _____________

Question 43

What powers ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP?

A)the kinetic energy of the flow of NADH electrons
B)the kinetic energy of the splitting of water
C)the kinetic energy of the movement of protons (hydrogen ions)
D)the kinetic energy of the spinning of the Krebs Cycle

Question 44

Oxygen is produced during the lightreactions of photosynthesis.

Question 45

NADH oxidized ___________________________________________

Question 46

During glycolysis,glucose in broken down to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Question 47

Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle generate the electron carrier,_______,which carries electrons to the ______ where this electron carrier is oxidized.

Question 48

ATP used _____________

Question 49

ATP formed ______________________________________________

Question 50

CO₂given off ___________________________________________

Question 51

The purpose of photosynthesis is to generate _________ while the purpose of aerobic respiration is to generate _______.

Question 52

The Calvin cycle occurs in the stromaof the chloroplast.

Question 53

The reaction center P680is found in photosystem I

Question 54

In chemiosmosis,the movement of _______ ions through the enzyme ________ generates _______ energy for the production of _______.

Question 55

ATP used ________________________________________________

Question 56

While photosynthesis uses electrons from _______ for its electron transport system,cellular respiration uses electrons from ________ for its electron transport system.

Question 57

What is the importance of glucose in cellular respiration?

A)when it splits,it generates the ATP necessary for metabolism
B)it provides electrons for electron transport
C)it powers the ATP synthase in chemiosmosis
D)it is the final electron acceptor in electron transport

Question 58

Fixation of _____________