Deck 8: Hindu and Buddhist States and Societies in Asia, 100 - 1000

Question 1

The first Buddhists to arrive in China in the first and second centuries c.e.were

A)disciples of the Buddha seeking converts.
B)foreign soldiers involved in various invasions.
C)Mongol tribes crossing the Chinese northern borders.
D)Indian missionaries fleeing the political upheaval of their homeland in northern India.
E) Indian traders.

Answer 1

Indian missionaries fleeing the political upheaval of their homeland in northern India.

Question 2

A historical curiosity took place when the Gupta dynasty's scribes began to use the zero seemingly at the same time that the zero was being used by

A)Sumerians.
B)Mayans.
C)Greeks.
D)Egyptians.
E)Phoenicians.

Answer 2

Mayans.

Question 3

A bodhisattva is a Buddhist on the verge of enlightenment and chooses to stay in the world due to

A)guilt.
B)anxiety.
C)indecision.
D)anger.
E)compassion.

Answer 3

compassion.

Question 4

The first evidence of Buddhist expansion out of India and South Asia is from c.140 CE by the

A)Kushan Empire.
B)Emperor Ashoka.
C)Tang Dynasty.
D)Gupta Dynasty.
E) Koryo of Korea.

Question 5

Buddhist monasteries in India hired laborers because

A)monks believed that fieldwork was beneath them socially.
B)to hire field hands was part of the eightfold path.
C)monks were very busy copying Buddhist texts.
D)fieldwork distracted the monks from missionary work.
E)monks were forbidden from working in fields.

Question 6

During the Gupta period,Hindu worshippers claimed who was an incarnation of the Buddha?

A)Vishnu.
B)Chandragupta Gupta.
C)Shiva.
D)Jesus Christ.
E)Xuanzang.

Question 7

The Chola king Rajaroja sent an army as far away as __________ and spread Hindu beliefs there.

A)Australia.
B)Srivijaya.
C)Madagascar.
D)Japan.
E)Persia.

Question 8

In 838,why was the Japanese monk Ennin sent by the emperor as part of a delegation to China?

A)to learn the reason for Tang China's success. 
B)to keep many Chinese customs and ideas from being known outside the area.
C)to spy on the Chinese military in advance of a Japanese invasion. 
D)to learn more about Chinese Hinduism.  
E)none of these choices. 

Question 9

How had Hindu worship changed by the time of the Gupta dynasty?

A)Animal sacrifice became a part of the ritual performed by the Brahmins.
B)Large public ceremonies had disappeared.
C)Private ceremonies were used, which emphasized singing love songs that expressed devotion.
D)Public officials lost prestige and power, since public ceremonies were not held.
E)Hinduism became a religion of the private home versus temples of the past.

Question 10

The Fourth Buddhist Council was organized by King Kanishka to

A)make a written copy of the teachings of the Buddha.
B)determine which oral versions of transmitted texts were authoritative.
C)reform Buddhism into the Greater Vehicle version.
D)translate Buddhism from Sanskrit into the Hindi of Southern India.
E)reform the Theravada version of Buddhism.

Question 11

The womb room of every Shiva temple symbolizes the

A)power of the reigning ruler.
B)images of the Buddha.
C)the creative force of human reproduction 
D)copies of the bhakti.
E)power of the Brahmins.

Question 12

Where did Ennin spend most of his time while visiting China?

A)On the coast where he was shipwrecked. 
B)At the imperial court.
C)In a Buddhist monastery. 
D)Conscripted into the Chinese military.
E)None of these choices. 

Question 13

The capital of the Chola dynasty established in 907 was located at

A)Mekong.
B)Tanjore.
C)Chang'an.
D)Nicaea.
E)Pataliputra.

Question 14

The Guptas donated land to what group,to support their rituals?

A)Buddhists.
B)Christians.
C)Shudra.
D)Tamils.
E)Brahmins.

Question 15

The term bhakti is used in Hinduism

A)to show a personal devotion to a deity.
B)as reference to reincarnation.
C)as gifts given to temples by the upper varna.
D)to express love for only Shiva.
E)as an expression of devotion to one's atman.

Question 16

The Kushan Empire was defeated by whom in 260 C.E.?

A)Sasanians.
B)Gupta.
C)Chola.
D)Romans.
E)Han China.

Question 17

Which one of the Seven Treasures could only be mined in present-day Afghanistan?

A)agate.
B)gold.
C)lapis lazuli.
D)crystal.
E)coral.

Question 18

What did the Sui and Tang dynasties add to the Qin and Han legacies?

A)Synthesis of Legalist and Confucian policies. 
B)Civil Service examinations. 
C)A new system of taxation. 
D)A complex law code.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 19

The term chakravartin is used to describe

A)the ideal king who patronizes Hinduism.
B)the model that was emphasized by the Tang.
C)Buddhist rituals and prayers.
D)the trip of Xuanzang on his return to China.
E)the ideal Buddhist leader, such as Ashoka.

Question 20

Between 100 and 1000 C.E.,Buddhism was losing adherents inside India because

A)new dynasties lost interest in it.
B)it threatened the Indian belief in ancestor worship.
C)of the growth of Hinduism.
D)of the spread of Christianity.
E)many felt it limited the accumulation of wealth.

Question 21

How did the Chinese adapt the no-self doctrine?

A)They eliminated the Buddhist idea of nirvana.
B)The new idea of hell was based on one's karma.
C)They eliminated the Chinese idea of hell.
D)A Chinese-Buddhist version of a paradise was created.
E)After death, the soul could be trapped in a series of hells.

Question 22

The Buddhist kingdom of Funan was centered on the

A)Mekong River Delta.
B)Gulf of Thailand.
C)Andaman Sea.
D)Sudra Strait.
E)Irrawaddy River.

Question 23

The Sui and Tang emperors embraced

A)banning all religions except Buddhism.
B)making monks important court officials.
C)the chakravartin ideal. 
D)building a new capital at Srivijaya.
E)traveling to the site of the Buddha's enlightenment.

Question 24

The largest Hindu temple in Jayavarman II's kingdom was at

A)Borobudur.
B)Tanjore.
C)Kra.
D)Angkor Wat.
E)Khmer.

Question 25

The Angkor Dynasty of Jayavarman II spoke what language?

A)Chinese.
B)Sanskrit.
C)Hindi.
D)Angkor.
E)Khmer.

Question 26

In contrast to the original Indian belief that souls were transmigrated intact,the Buddhists believed that

A)only part of the soul could be reborn.
B)a person is a constantly changing group of five aggregates. 
C)the soul divided into five parts and was reborn five times.
D)only a good or moral person's soul could be reborn.
E)women could not be reborn at all because their souls were too weak.

Question 27

Which of the following was involved with merchants and pilgrims traveling by sea between India and China?

A)Winds were favorable in spring and summer for travelers leaving China.
B)Most boats had to wait for the right prevailing winds to travel.
C)While waiting for the correct winds, port towns grew to accommodate travelers.
D)Winds were favorable in fall and winter for travelers leaving India.
E)All of these choices.

Question 28

Travel between China and India involved all of the following sites except

A)Isthmus of Kra.
B)the Arabian Sea.
C)Gulf of Thailand.
D)Andaman Sea.
E)Strait of Malacca.

Question 29

Early Chinese converts turned to Buddhism because

A)they thought the Buddha brought families together.
B)many felt the Buddha was capable of causing miracles.
C)China was in decline and the Chinese were looking for leadership.
D)it was imposed by the generals following a government overthrow.
E)the first Han emperor was a patron of Buddhism.

Question 30

Which of the following statements istrue in describing agriculture in Southeast Asia?

A)Much of the area depended on water storage tanks.
B)Lowland areas were involved in rice agriculture.
C)Highland societies practiced slash-and-burn methods of agriculture.
D)Exact boundaries were difficult to establish because of the movement of slash-and-burn farmers.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 31

Some Chinese worked out a compromise between Buddhism and Confucianism by

A)allowing only females to join the ranks of Buddhist nuns.
B)making donations to a Buddhist temple, which then transferred merit to a family.
C)the use of the merit system, where a convert could transfer merit to siblings who married.
D)allowing children conceived by concubines to convert.
E)giving permission only to the youngest son to become a Buddhist.

Question 32

What aspect of Buddhism was attractive to potential Chinese converts?

A)Buddhism promised relief of family responsibility.
B)Buddhism was easily translated into Chinese for all to understand.
C)Preserved more hopeful view of the afterlife than Confucian and Daoist teachings.
D)Buddhism spoke to a fluid soul and body.
E)Confucianism required a daily and individual regimen too difficult for most Chinese to live by.

Question 33

What major Chinese Confucian tradition did Buddhism challenge?

A)Revering the emperor as divine. 
B)The peasant obligation to serve in the army.
C)Family obligations and traditions.
D)Footbinding.
E)That a woman move in with the husband's family. 

Question 34

The interior kingdoms of Southeast Asia were based on tribal allegiances to

A)emperors. 
B)queens. 
C)kings. 
D)shamans. 
E)"men of prowess." 

Question 35

Which of the following was associated with Jayavarman II?

A)He ruled the Mekong Basin in Cambodia.
B)Chieftains living in surrounding regions of the kingdom had smaller and inferior realm.
C)He worshipped Shiva.
D)Subjects acknowledged him as having special access to Shiva.
E)All of these choices. 

Question 36

What brought the Sui dynasty to an end after only 30 years?

A)Invasions by the Huns.
B)Internal rebellion led by local lords.
C)A Hindu emperor.
D)Overthrow by the eldest son.
E)Disastrous military campaigns, especially against Korea.

Question 37

What did the miracle performed by Fotudeng for Shi Le result in?

A)The site where the miracle happened would be the Chinese version of a nirvana.
B)Shi Le would become emperor and rule all of China.
C)Shi Le would be granted enlightenment if he granted Buddhists free land and tax immunity.
D)Shi Le granted tax-free land to the Buddhists monasteries. 
E)Shi Le would be accepted as a great Confucian leader, even though he could neither read nor write.

Question 38

What was Fotudeng's miracle,which led to the conversion of Shi Le?

A)He cured Shi Le's wife of blindness.
B)He brought rain to the region, which was in drought.
C)He foretold that Shi Le's son would be killed, and he was.
D)He appeared in two places at the same time.
E)He made a lotus grow out of his begging bowl.

Question 39

After 300 years of disunity following the Hans,which dynasty reunited China?

A)Sui.
B)Wei.
C)Qin.
D)Shang.
E)Tang.

Question 40

Jayavarman II dedicated his Angkor dynasty to

A)Shiva.
B)Buddha.
C)Vishnu.
D)himself.
E)Heaven.

Question 41

Once the king of northern Korea overthrew the Chinese ruler in 313,what type of empire developed?

A)A lawless region ruled by warring tribes. 
B)A region dominated by Japan. 
C)The Three Kingdoms period.
D)The Kingdom of Silla ruled the entire pensinsula. 
E)None of these choices. 

Question 42

In Korea,the social term true-bone referred to

A)all those families and individuals not classified in one of the seven categories.
B)anyone who did not own land.
C)a foreigner or emigrant who had no Korean roots.
D)a member of the Buddhist temple or monastery.
E)the highest born aristocratic families.

Question 43

Why does Emperor Wu hold a distinctive place in Chinese history?

A)Only emperor who did not embrace a religion.
B)Only woman emperor.
C)Served as regent.
D)Only woman to lead military armies.
E)Known for travels outside of China.

Question 44

What were the signsof early Tang decline?

A)reports of insufficient revenues.
B)defeat by the Abbasid caliph.
C)conflict between the general and the emperor. 
D)end of expansion in Central Asia.
E)all of these choices. 

Question 45

After 763,the Tang increased revenue by taxing

A)Buddhist monks and nuns.
B)merchants.
C)soldiers.
D)unmarried men.
E)foreign missionaries.

Question 46

The Tale of Genji is referred to as the

A)first love story.
B)first story where the main character is a woman.
C)world's first novel.
D)most accurate description of the earliest written Japanese history written entirely in kana.
E)first Buddhist book written in Japanese.

Question 47

Because of the weakness in the Tang Dynasty,Songsten Gampo of Tibet was able to acquire

A)the process of making silk.
B)the art of paper making.
C)knowledge on brewing wine.
D)knowledgeable Chinese scholars.
E)All of these choices.

Question 48

What other female in ancient history is comparable to Emperor Wu?

A)Artemisia.
B)Shiva.
C)Olivia.
D)Theodora.
E)Hatshepsut.

Question 49

The Silla kingdom in Korea attempted to ally with which Chinese dynasty in the hope of defeating the other Korean kingdoms,especially the Paekche kingdom which was allied with the Japanese?

A)Qin.
B)Tang.
C)Sui.
D)Han.
E)Shang.

Question 50

Songsten Gampo founded the Yarlung dynasty in 617 to unify

A)China.
B)Japan.
C)Tibet.
D)Korea.
E)Khmer.

Question 51

Most of the Koreans who came to Japan in the fifth and sixth centuries came from

A)Silla.
B)Paekche.
C)Koguryo.
D)Koryo.
E)Kaya.

Question 52

Although Buddhism was finally legal in Korea,by the mid-500s,it tended to be limited to

A)the royal family.
B)the educated.
C)professional and government officials.
D)cities and suburbs.
E)the small farmer class.

Question 53

Buddhist monks invented woodblock printing because they believed that copying prayers brought _______ to themselves and their families.

A)fame.
B)good fortune.
C)wealth.
D)converts.
E)merit.

Question 54

After allying with the Tang,to defeat Koguryo and Paekche,Silla adopted many Chinese characteristics including

A)woodblock printing.
B)Confucian examination system.
C)equal field system.
D)footbinding.
E)Confucian class system.

Question 55

The Tang Code of Emperor Taizong accomplished which of the following

A)creating a comprehensive law system.
B)emphasizing respect for Confucian ideals.
C)fixing tax obligations of individuals.
D)creating an equal-field system of land dispersion. 
E)all of these choices. 

Question 56

Buddhism was not always easy to introduce into some areas of Korea.By what process did the area of Silla adopt Buddhism?

A)Conquest by a rival Buddhist kingdom.
B)Marriage to a Buddhist princess.
C)Buddhist monks able to convert most of the royal families.
D)By the immigration of Chinese fleeing the turmoil of the Tang era.
E)Through a Buddhist miracle.

Question 57

How did Emperor Wu claim to be a legitimate emperor?

A)She was chosen by the Buddha.
B)Confucian ethics allowed her to rule.
C)It was prophesied in The Great Cloud Sutra.
D)As a former regent, she was best qualified.
E)She claimed to be a great chakravartin.

Question 58

Taizong made Confucianism the basis of education and incorporated it into the government through

A)funding Confucian missionaries.
B)requiring all taxpayers to be Confucian.
C)the examination system.
D)requiring all families to send the youngest son to Confucian school.
E)paying non-Confucian officials one-half the salary of a Confucian official.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The Fujiwara rulers sponsored Buddhist ceremonies.
B)Japanese scholars and ambassadors were sent to China to "learn from China."
C)Chinese-style capitals were built in Japan.
D)The Japanese adopted the equal-field system, modifying it to favor powerful families.
E)All of these choices are correct. 

Question 60

The Diamond Sutra holds a special place in history because it

A)describes the reign of Ashoka.
B)is the oldest surviving printed book in the world dating from about 868 C.E.
C)is a group of religious songs created by Emperor Wu.
D)describes the stupas built by the Sui dynasty.
E)is a collection of love stories from the Greater Vehicle Age.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.
Taizong

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.
Equal-Field System

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.
Hinduism

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.
Silk Road

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.
Bhakti

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.
Borobudur

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.
Angkor Dynasty

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.
Tang Code

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.
Greater Vehicle

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.
Fotudeng

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.
Ennin

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.
Tang Dynasty

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.
Seven Treasures

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.
Jayavarman II

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.
No-Self Doctrine

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.
womb room

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.
Bodhisattvas

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.
Srivijaya

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.
Gupta Dynasty

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.
Chakravartin