Deck 16: Prevention of Alcohol and Other Drug Problems

Question 1

Primary prevention involves:

A)Identifying present drug abusers
B)Treatment of persons suffering from drug problems
C)a and b
D)None of the above

Answer 1

D
None of the above

Question 2

All but which prevention effort is focused on the host:

A)Reduce the individual's desire or incentive to drink
B)Use of education and persuasion
C)Reduce desire to use specific drugs
D)Focus on reducing drug availability

Answer 2

D
Focus on reducing drug availability

Question 3

Control of the availability of drugs is an important aspect of primary prevention and involves many different methods, but most can be classified as:

A)Supply reduction
B)Demand reduction
C)Supply reduction and demand reduction
D)a only.

Answer 3

C
Supply reduction and demand reduction

Question 4

Which of the following best defines the focus of prevention in relation to alcohol and drugs?

A)Setting a zero tolerance policy of drug consumption
B)creating barriers so individuals cannot obtain or use substances rather than identifying why people want to use them in the first place.
C)Targeting early stages of youth development in order to minimize use during adulthood.
D)punishing individuals who abuse drugs.

Question 5

Proponents of more liberal drug policies in the U.S.:

A)Hold that not everyone who uses a drug gets "addicted"
B)See drug use as a victimless crime
C)Point to other nations where illicit drugs with little harm are tolerated
D)All of the above

Question 6

All but which has been found by research assessing the effects of mass media:

A)Brand-specific advertising has weak effects on use levels
B)Alcohol advertising bans do not reduce sales
C)Total advertising expenditures raises alcohol sales
D)None of the above

Question 7

Many school-based alcohol and other drug prevention programs involve:

A)Group interaction
B)Normative education
C)Just Say No approach
D)Peer counseling

Question 8

Social policy regarding drugs refers to:

A)Laws and programs that regulate the use of these substances.
B)Historical, philosophical, moral-religious foundations of substance use.
C)Political and economic determinants of substance use.
D)Cultural traditions about social use of drugs.

Question 9

What constitutes a zero-tolerance position on drugs?

A)Individuals should have the choice to decide what course of action to take rather than be controlled by a paternalistic government.
B)Some drugs are beneficial and should not be totally banned.
C)All psychoactive drugs are undesirable.
D)All illicit drugs should be banned.

Question 10

Research evidence often fails to affect social policy because:

A)Research is often too complicated for nonscientists.
B)Scientific evidence often yielded conflicting conclusions.
C)Social policy is also a function of politics and economics.
D)All of the above.

Question 11

What is the problem with aggregate measures of drug use levels in society?

A)They reflect the overall amount of use in society.'
B)May not predict risks of harm for individuals.
C)Individual use levels are better predictors of each individual's risk level for a particular problem and aggregate measures are not sensitive to individual variations in use.
D)b & c only.

Question 12

Increased liquor taxes between 1960 and 1975 in many states (Cook, 1981) were associated with:

A)Declines in alcohol consumption
B)Increases in alcohol consumption
C)More crime to get money for alcohol
D)Higher rates of alcoholism

Question 13

The public health model considers interactions of ________, __________, and ___________.

A)Agent, host, environment
B)Drug, agent, environment
C)Agent, host, social policy
D)Host, user, environment

Question 14

Demand reduction can be improved best by:

A)Higher taxes
B)Higher pricing
C)Interdiction of drugs
D)Education about drugs

Question 15

Which primary prevention methods for licit and illicit drugs include education and persuasion attempts to reduce the attractiveness of drugs among potential users?

A)Supply reduction
B)Demand reduction
C)Media reduction
D)both a & b

Question 16

Mass media may be ineffective because people:

A)May not attend to messages.
B)May not remember what they see.
C)May not correctly interpret messages.
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following are environmental factors that must be considered in addition to any individual genetic or psychological factors when designing prevention strategies?

A)Laws and their enforcement.
B)Marketing and pricing.
C)Media depictions.
D)All of the above.

Question 18

Aggregate measures of consumption such as per capita consumption that reflect the overall amount of use in society:

A)Predict risks of harm for individuals.
B)Are convenient summaries.
C)Are sensitive to individual variations in drug use.
D)Provide tests of casual explanations.

Question 19

Most proponents of drug control see all but which:

A)Need to distinguish between drug use and abuse.
B)Most drug use is harmful, sooner or later.
C)Drugs cause antisocial and criminal behavior.
D)Use of one drug may lead to use of more dangerous drugs.

Question 20

Social drug policies and laws stem from views that:

A)Zero tolerance is necessary.
B)Drugs are evil because they are hedonistic.
C)Pleasure is incompatible with work ethic.
D)All of the above.

Question 21

Harm reduction approaches, started in the 1980s in the Netherlands and England:

A)Has led to increased drug problems
B)Conceded we cannot readily prevent drug abuse
C)Attempts to make the use of drugs less likely
D)Are generally accepted as the best approach

Question 22

The Commission on Medical Marijuana (Institute on Medicine, 1998)

A)Saw few potential medical benefits of marijuana
B)Saw few health hazards of smoking marijuana
C)Endorsed legalizing marijuana for certain medical purposes
D)Accepted nonsmokable forms of marijuana for medical purposes

Question 23

The longitudinal Midwestern Prevention Project with 6^th and 7^th graders in the Kansas City area (Pentz, 1995):

A)Used only a school-based curriculum
B)Combined a school program with a mass media campaign
C)Did not randomly assign classes to experimental and control groups
D)Failed to have much effect on drug use

Question 24

The advantages that legal drugs have over illegal drugs include all but:

A)Powerful industry lobbies
B)A larger constituency of users unable or unwilling to quit
C)Research proof that they are safer than illicit drugs
D)Sales tax revenues for the government

Question 25

Secondary prevention for drivers apprehended for driving under the influence (DUI) involves:

A)Didactic presentation of information
B)Small group interactions to increase awareness
C)Threat of punishment such as loss of license
D)All of the above

Question 26

Problems with EAPs have included all but:

A)Excessive threats and punishments to motivate treatment
B)Monitoring behaviors unrelated to work performance or safety
C)Costly evaluation of effectiveness of EAPs
D)Employee resentment

Question 27

A turning point against the tobacco industry occurred in 1994 when all but which happened:

A)The Surgeon General issues a report on dangers of smoking
B)A cigarette company researcher leaked secret industry documents showing they deceived the public
C)More federal legislation was proposed
D)The industry knew for years that nicotine is addictive

Question 28

Secondary prevention of alcohol problems for college students may be more effective by emphasizing:

A)Prohibition of drinking at campus functions
B)Moderation in use of alcohol
C)Abstinence
D)Identification of drinking problems

Question 29

Harm reduction could inadvertently increase overall use of risky drugs in society because:

A)A specific drug will be perceived as not that dangerous
B)A safer drug could lead to taking more risks
C)Motivation of users to quit using a risky drug is lowered
D)All of the above

Question 30

Bias against lower social classes is reflected by:

A)Bans against drugs associated with immigrant groups
B)More criticism for use of "illegal" than for legal drugs
C)Not recognizing how societal conditions affect drug use
D)All of the above

Question 31

The Life Skills Training (Botvin, Schinke, Epstein, Diaz, & Botvin, 1995) classroom program:

A)Teaches general personal and social skills
B)Drug resistance skills
C)Includes instruction, demonstration, and rehearsal
D)All of the above

Question 32

Harm reduction goals aimed at total consumption reduction might be most effective by:

A)Targeting drinkers in middle of the consumption distribution as they are more numerous
B)Focusing on problem drinkers and alcoholics as they cause bigger harms
C)Dealing with young beginning drinkers since they have potentially more future years of drinking
D)Concentrating on relapse prevention of former drinkers

Question 33

In employee assistance programs (EAPs), work supervisors:

A)Use poor work as a sign of possible alcohol problems
B)Treat the alcohol problems
C)Face little resistance from employees
D)All of the above

Question 34

Drug abuse and dependence affects the workplace by:

A)Impairing performance and productivity
B)Absenteeism and tardiness
C)Workplace safety
D)All of the above

Question 35

A use reduction approach (MacCoun, 1998) is primarily aimed at reducing levels of use but:

A)Some unintended effects can result
B)Gains in one direction may be offset by losses in others
C)Making a drug illegal to reduce its use may lead to crime to obtain the drug
D)All of the above

Question 36

All but which is true of the Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) project started in 1983:

A)Is used in over half of all schools in the United States
B)Teaches resistance skills to children using police officers
C)Raises student self-esteem
D)Lowers drug use

Question 37

Which of the following is not true of marijuana social policy?

A)Decriminalization efforts started in the late 1960s
B)Decriminalized marijuana would still be illegal
C)A National Commission in 1978 argued against decriminalized marijuana
D)President Nixon rejected the National Commission recommendations

Question 38

Harm reduction advocates seek to assist people in the direction of ____________ behavior change, whether that change involves abstinence, moderate drinking, or the reduction of alcohol use.

A)Proactive
B)Positive
C)Active
D)Negative

Question 39

All but which is true about recent views on cigarettes:

A)It is an effective nicotine delivery device
B)Tobacco should be restricted because it is addictive
C)The Supreme Court in 1999 upheld the view that cigarettes were drugs for medical purposes
D)In 1996 the FDA reclassified tobacco as a drug

Question 40

Drug testing is one objective approach at identifying drugs at work that:

A)Implies the employee is guilty until proven innocent
B)Assumes that drug tests such as urinanalysis are valid
C)Involves invasion of privacy and lack of confidentiality
D)All of the above