Deck 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem

Question 1

What is a Drug Recognition Expert?

A)A physician trained to recognize a variety of medications
B)A police officer trained to recognize drug-related behavioral impairments
C)A teacher trained to recognize the scent of burning marijuana
D)None of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug results in a lesser effect,this is called

A)acute toxicity.
B)dependence.
C)vaccination.
D)tolerance.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Those who are diagnosed with a personality disorder,such as antisocial personality disorder,

A)have an increased likelihood of also having a substance use disorder.
B)are neither more nor less likely to have a substance use disorder.
C)are actually less likely to be dependent on a substance.
D)are often given stimulant drugs as a treatment for the personality disorder.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

As views of substance dependence have changed based on scientific research,the real driving force behind repeated excessive drug use is now believed to be

A)psychological dependence,based on reinforcement.
B)physical dependence,caused by tolerance.
C)an allergic reaction to the substance.
D)unmet psychological needs in early childhood.

Question 5

The drugs with which people are most likely to develop psychological (behavioral)dependence are generally also found to have

A)stimulant effects.
B)pain-relieving effects.
C)sedative effects.
D)reinforcing effects in laboratory animals.

Question 6

Since the 1990s,HIV transmission rates among intravenous drug users have been reduced from about 50% to about 10%.According to the text,which of these factors led to this decrease?

A)syringe exchange programs
B)sexual abstinence education
C)increased Narcotics Anonymous attendance
D)decreased use of hormonal contraceptives

Question 7

When using a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents,this is called

A)behavioral tolerance.
B)drug misuse.
C)behavioral toxicity.
D)laissez-faire.

Question 8

Acute drug effects are those that

A)are dangerous.
B)are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body.
C)are unrelated to dose.
D)last more than a day.

Question 9

The occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome is evidence of

A)physical dependence.
B)chronic behavioral disorder.
C)an antigen-antibody reaction.
D)craving.

Question 10

Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?

A)lung cancer from smoking
B)amotivational syndrome
C)paranoia from methamphetamine use
D)respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose

Question 11

The DSM-IV-TR does not define addiction as such,but has diagnostic criteria for

A)habituation.
B)substance dependence and substance abuse.
C)chronic intoxication.
D)drug-associated bipolar disorder.

Question 12

Brain scan studies with drug users

A)can show which people have developed dependence and which have not.
B)can predict which people will later develop dependence.
C)so far can only show changes in response to drug administration.
D)are very strong predictors of alcohol use,but not for other substances.

Question 13

In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine,it is important to take into account

A)the user's gender.
B)availability and price.
C)urban vs.rural environment.
D)that many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

Question 14

The U.S.government in the 1800s had few regulations on industry and in general took a "hands-off" approach to government that has been referred to by the term

A)crime.
B)laissez-faire.
C)toxicity.
D)trends.

Question 15

The text lists three concerns that led to the adoption of the first U.S.laws regulating what we now call controlled substances.Which of these was NOT one of the three?

A)high profits for drug sellers
B)toxicity
C)dependence
D)association of drug use with crime

Question 16

DAWN data provides all of the following EXCEPT

A)Information about which drugs are associated with the greatest number of deaths.
B)Clear measures of the toxicity of individual drugs.
C)Data regarding problems associated with alcohol-in-combination.
D)General information about trends in drug-related deaths.

Question 17

Which drug is responsible for the most drug-related deaths in the 2009 DAWN data set?

A)GHB
B)prescription opioids
C)marijuana
D)methamphetamine

Question 18

Which of these substances is listed as having a "very high" dependence potential?

A)LSD
B)marijuana
C)alcohol
D)crack cocaine

Question 19

According to recent DAWN data,which of these substances is near the top of both the emergency room visits and drug-related deaths lists?

A)alcohol-in-combination
B)marijuana
C)methamphetamine
D)ecstasy (MDMA)

Question 20

The Drug Abuse Warning Network

A)is a system of free public-service announcements.
B)is a voluntary organization for teachers and police officers.
C)monitors drug-related medical emergencies.
D)monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations.

Question 21

Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug.

Question 22

Which of the following drugs has been clearly linked to crimes and violence?

A)alcohol
B)heroin
C)marijuana
D)cocaine

Question 23

One important factor that led Congress to adopt the first laws regulating what we now call controlled substances was the association of drug use with crime.

Question 24

To receive diagnosis of substance dependence an individual must satisfy at least 3 diagnostic criteria,one which has to be a symptom of physical dependence (tolerance or withdrawal).

Question 25

Describe several ways in which people have thought that drug use might be a cause of criminal behavior.

Question 26

Explain the difference between physical dependence on a drug and psychological dependence on a drug.

Question 27

Rank the following drugs (from highest to lowest)according to the number of mentions in the 2009 DAWN emergency department dataset.

A)Cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids,antidepressants
B)Cocaine,prescription opioids,heroin,antidepressants
C)Alcohol-in-combination,cocaine,heroin,prescription opioids
D)Alcohol-in-combination,prescription opioids,heroin,cocaine

Question 28

The DAWN system tells us exactly how many deaths are caused by a specific drug each year.

Question 29

About how many arrests are made in the U.S.each year for drug-law violations?

A)1,500,000
B)200,000
C)50,000
D)5,000

Question 30

The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use.

Question 31

In determining whether using a drug causes people to become criminals,it is important to remember that

A)there is no relationship between crime and illicit drug use.
B)most illicit drugs cause damage to the areas of the brain responsible for understanding right from wrong.
C)longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behavior usually occur before the first use of any illicit drug.
D)consistent personality changes are likely with even a few exposures to heroin or cocaine.

Question 32

Explain what is meant by a drug's "dependence potential."

Question 33

Using survey data,discuss the relative toxicity of alcohol and cocaine.

Question 34

Recent brain imaging data indicates that drug dependence is caused by an underlying biological abnormality.

Question 35

The term "laissez-faire" refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems.

Question 36

In 2009,methamphetamine was the most frequently cited drug associated with emergency-room visits.

Question 37

Physical dependence is often defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped.

Question 38

The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.

Question 39

Our best estimate is that tobacco cigarettes are associated with over 400,000 deaths per year.

Question 40

In an annual study done by the U.S.Justice Department,people arrested for various crimes are given urine tests to detect the presence of drugs.In 2010,about ____ percent of the adult male arrestees tested positive for at least one illicit drug.

A)100
B)between 50 and 80
C)0
D)between 10 and 30