Deck 25: Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

Which statement is NOT true about water uptake in a plant root?

A)Water enters the root from the soil by osmosis.
B)Water enters the cytoplasm of the root hairs by active transport.
C)Water travels by diffusion through the cell walls of the epidermis and cortex.
D)Water must enter the cytoplasm of the endodermal cells to get past the Casparian strip.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which statement is NOT true about root adaptations in plants?

A)Some plants have very poorly developed roots or none at all.
B)Fungal mycorrhizae depend on plants for the fungus's supply of water and minerals.
C)Some plants,including orchids,require the presence of fungal symbionts to survive.
D)Parasitic plants have root adaptations called haustoria that draw nutrients from the host.
E)Bacteria of the genus Rhizobium live in root nodules in legumes,producing available nitrogen that the plant uses.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Soil consists of

A)a mixture of soil particles of different sizes.
B)both living organisms and decaying organic material.
C)air and water.
D)All of these are components that define soil.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which term describes the forcing out of water at the surface of a plant's leaves?

A)water stress
B)atmospheric pressure
C)root pressure
D)guttation
E)transpiration

Question 5

The carbon needed to build organic compounds in plants comes from _______,while the hydrogen and oxygen comes from _________.

A)oxygen in the atmosphere; hydrogen peroxide
B)carbon dioxide; water
C)carbohydrates; hydrogen and oxygen gasses in the atmosphere
D)glucose; hydrochloric acid

Question 6

Evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves is

A)guttation.
B)respiration.
C)transpiration.
D)photosynthesis.

Question 7

If you cut a herbaceous stem and observe fluids continually seeping upward and out of the cut,it is most likely due to

A)root pressure.
B)turgor pressure.
C)active transport by phloem.
D)tension caused by transpiration.
E)cohesion to the xylem walls.

Question 8

The degree of erosion in the United States is best described by the following statement.

A)There is a set amount of soil that was originally formed and erosion continually removes some of it; therefore we will one day run out of topsoil due to erosion.
B)Soil forms at generally the same rate as soil erodes,so there is an overall balance just as worldwide precipitation equals evaporation; it is just not evenly spread across the landscape.
C)Soil is eroding faster than it is being formed on about one-third of all cropland.
D)Removal of trees helps build up topsoil and prevents erosion.

Question 9

Which is a correct relationship between soil particles and soil characteristics?

A)Clay particles hold tight to NO₃^- and the nitrogen content of clay soils is therefore high.
B)Clay is unable to retain Ca²⁺ and K⁺ which are easily leached away.
C)Clay holds water and clumps.
D)Sand prevents water erosion and leaching.

Question 10

Soil formation is due to

A)decomposition of organic matter.
B)mechanical weathering of bedrock.
C)chemical weathering of rock.
D)All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following particles are retained by clay soil and exchanged for hydrogen ions when plants take them up?

A)calcium & potassium
B)calcium & ammonium
C)sodium & sulphur
D)iron & boron
E)calcium & copper

Question 12

Which force is responsible for moving water up to the tops of the trees?

A)water stress
B)atmospheric pressure
C)root pressure
D)guttation
E)transpiration

Question 13

When you have waxed your car,rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood.This property of the water molecule is known as

A)adhesion.
B)turgor pressure.
C)cohesion.
D)transpiration.
E)negative pressure potential.

Question 14

Some scientists predict that the Earth will lose almost all of its topsoil by the middle of the next century.What factors are involved in the erosion of soil?

A)deforestation
B)desertization
C)poor farming practices
D)All of the above factors cause erosion.

Question 15

The early experiment by Van Helmont (1600s)describes how he grew a tree in a large pot and found that after five years,the amount of soil in the pot had not changed.He concluded that the increase in weight was due to the addition of water.At that time,the compounds in air had not yet been identified.Today,you know that he only discovered half the story.Which additional experiment would provide evidence for the rest of the story?

A)Carbon is discovered as a major element in trees and is lacking in water molecules.
B)Radioactive carbon in carbon dioxide in the air is identified as part of the tree structure.
C)A very careful measurement of the water taken in and lost by the tree would have revealed only half the added weight gained by the tree was from water.
D)Analysis of nutrients in the soil would account for half the weight of the tree.
E)All of the experiments but for an analysis of nutrients in the soil would account for half the weight of the tree.

Question 16

Because most roots need gaseous oxygen as well as liquid water,the best soil for agricultural plants is

A)sand,since it has the greatest pore spaces.
B)clay,since it holds onto water better than silt or sand.
C)silt,because it is intermediate between sand and clay in size.
D)loam,which is a mixture of all size soil particles,and therefore is able to hold water but drain well.
E)All sizes of soil particles (sand,silt,clay)are equal in soil properties.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the three most common elements in plants?

A)oxygen
B)sulfur
C)carbon
D)hydrogen

Question 18

Which type of soil is best able to retain calcium and potassium,preventing them from being leached away by runoff?

A)clay
B)humus
C)sand
D)All soils are equal in preventing leaching of minerals.
E)None of these soils would prevent leaching of minerals.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT involved in mineral uptake by plant roots?

A)root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen
B)cuticles that protect surfaces
C)root hairs that increase surface area
D)expending energy in uptake/active transport

Question 20

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for optimal plant growth because it is used to build

A)nucleic acids.
B)protein.
C)chlorophyll.
D)All of the above are correct.
E)Nucleic acids and proteins but not chlorophyll.

Question 21

Stomate closure in darkened environment,at time zero,with air (0.03% CO₂)or CO₂-free airflow through leaf.(Note: A decrease in conductance indicates inactivation of the proton pump.)

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 22

Stomates do not open when exposed to a narrow band of green light.

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 23

Stomates allows carbon dioxide into the leaf and water out of the leaf under normal environmental conditions.

Question 24

The transpiration rate in plants is increased by

A)wind.
B)elevated temperature.
C)increased sunlight intensity.
D)All of the choices increase the rate of transpiration.

Question 25

Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules and

A)fix atmospheric nitrogen to NH⁴⁺ to build organic compounds.
B)fix carbon dioxide so that the carbon may be used to build glucose.
C)increase the surface area,thereby increasing the water absorbing capacity of the plant's roots.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 26

Which statement is NOT true about stomata?

A)As guard cells become turgid,the stomates open.
B)There are two guard cells around each stomate.
C)Guard cells take up potassium ions and water enters the guard cells.
D)The blue light component of sunlight is a signal that can cause stomata to close.
E)Stomates open and close on a daily basis,even if kept in the dark,on a circadian rhythm.

Question 27

Air with varying amounts of CO₂,within the ranges found in nature,is forced across leaf surfaces and into sub-stomatal cavities; this produces stomatal closure.

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 28

Water moves into the guard cells in response to the movement of K⁺ into the guard cells.

Question 29

To secure genuine maple syrup,maple tree trunks are "tapped" with metal spigots that interrupt the flow of sap in late winter prior to spring budding.Which of the following would be true of this process?

A)Leaves are the ultimate origin of the sucrose component.
B)The sap flows out with some pressure from the phloem tube.
C)The water component originated from soil water absorbed by root hairs.
D)Only a small core is tapped; taking sap continuously from a substantial radius could eventually kill part of the tree.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 30

Which force pushes water into the xylem as osmosis moves water into the root?

A)water stress
B)atmospheric pressure
C)root pressure
D)guttation
E)transpiration

Question 31

Stomate rhythm in wheat under continuous light at 25 ^$\circ$ C.

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 32

Sieve tube members are connected by

A)plasmodesmata.
B)tight junctions.
C)companion cells.
D)tracheids.

Question 33

Which of the following hypothesis is supported by the fact that cells of wilting leaves produce abscisic acid,which causes guard cells to close?

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 34

All of the following statements about the cohesion-tension model are true EXCEPT

A)there is no expenditure of energy.
B)it is a model of how water and minerals are transported in xylem.
C)it is dependent on the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.
D)tension created by transpiration in the leaves pulls water along the phloem from the roots hairs to the leaves.

Question 35

Which hypothesis is supported by the fact that stomates open when exposed to white light,a mixture of all colors of light?

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 36

Stomate opening after illumination following eight hours in darkness: plant is Xanthium pennsylvanicum.

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 37

Which statement is NOT true about the pressure-flow model of phloem transport?

A)Water is actively transported into phloem.
B)Phloem sap moves at a rate of 60 to 300 cm per hour.
C)Pressure is created in the phloem by the buildup of water and sugar.
D)Sugar produced by photosynthesis is actively transported into phloem cells.
E)Sugar is actively transported out of the phloem at a sink area such as the root.

Question 38

Researchers discover that guard cells of the lady slipper orchid lack chloroplasts; yet the guard cells regularly open and close.

A)Supports both Hypothesis I and II.
B)Supports only Hypothesis I.
C)Supports only Hypothesis II.
D)Supports neither hypothesis.

Question 39

In the pressure-flow model of phloem transport,the sink is normally

A)the stem.
B)the roots.
C)xylem.
D)lenticels.

Question 40

How did the scientist Marcello Malpighi,in 1679,discover the role of phloem?

A)He observed aphids and cut off their beaks.
B)He was an early researcher on the cause of maple sap flow in producing syrup.
C)He observed the effects of girdling a tree below the level of the majority of leaves.
D)He used radioactive tracers to measure the flow of sap between two distances over time.
E)He observed the uptake of ink into the stem of celery.

Question 41

Select the correct sequence for mineral uptake in plants. a.The root cells will initially uptake the minerals.
B)The upwards movement of water will carry the minerals towards the leaves.
C)Some of the minerals are deposited in the leaf cells.
D)The minerals move into the xylem of the vascular tissue.
E)Some of the minerals leave the xylem and enter the various tissues that require them.

A)a - d - b - e - c
B)a - b - d - e - c
C)c- a - d - b - e
D)d - b - e - a - c
E)d - b - c - a - e

Question 42

Some plants are not photosynthetic and must depend upon bacteria in their root nodules for nutrients.

Question 43

Which type of soil will supply nutrients to plants while its acidity leaches minerals from rock?

A)humus
B)clay
C)sand
D)loam

Question 44

Which of the following conducting cells are associated with xylem?

A)tracheids & vessel elements
B)sieve-tube members & companion cells
C)vessel elements & companion cells
D)sieve-tube members & vessel elements
E)tracheids & sieve-tube members

Question 45

Essential plant nutrients include carbon,potassium,calcium,and nitrogen.

Question 46

Analysis of the nutrient content of phloem is performed on phloem sap that is made available when an aphid is cut away from its stylet.

Question 47

The absence of which of the following micronutrient would inhibit the plants ability to form chlorophyll?

A)Zinc
B)Chlorine
C)Magnesium
D)Calcium
E)Manganese

Question 48

Entry of mineral ions into the xylem is regulated by cells of the cortex.

Question 49

Phytoremediation is the use of a plants ability to uptake minerals in order to remove pollutants from the environment.

Question 50

Water is forced to enter root endodermal cells by a strip of suberin in the four sides of root endodermal cells called the Casparian strip.

Question 51

Within a mycorrhizal relationship the fungi provide a greater surface area for mineral and water loss while the plant furnishes the fungi with sugars and amino acids.

Question 52

What is the main factor that will determine whether or not water can enter the root cells?

A)A lower osmotic pressure in the root tissues than the soil solution
B)Type of plant cells that are exposed to the water
C)Volume of water available
D)A higher osmotic pressure in the root tissues than the soil solution